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结合全变分最小化和稀疏字典学习后处理的低剂量CT重建 Article

Yong DING, Tuo HU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第12期页码 2001-2008 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700287

摘要：随着CT（computed tomography）中过量辐射剂量带来的健康风险日渐引发人们的担忧，低剂量CT得到了大量的关注。然而对于低剂量CT成像而言，在降低剂量的同时保证图像的高质量是一个很大的挑战。相比传统的滤波反投影算法，基于压缩感知的迭代重建法取得了良好的成像效果。但是迭代重建计算复杂度高，阻碍了其临床应用。

关键词：低剂量CT；CT成像；全变分；稀疏字典学习

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Simultaneous acquisition of CT angiography and whole brain CT perfusion images by using multiphase dynamic

Weiwei CHEN, Jianpin QI, Wenzhen ZHU, Wenhua HUANG, Jinmei SONG

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 230-235 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0023-8

摘要： We implemented a new protocol — multiphase dynamic helical scan to acquire CT angiography (CTA) and whole brain CT perfusion (CTP) images simultaneously with single scan on 16 multidetector CT (MDCT). A total of 90 patients who were randomly assigned into 3 groups were included in our study. Each group underwent CT scan by using the new protocol, traditional CTA and CTP protocol, respectively. The image quality of CTA, the CTP parameter values and the X-ray doses were measured and compared between the new protocol and the traditional protocols. There was no statistically significant difference in the CTA image quality between the above methods ( =0.55). For CTP parameters, the new protocol tended to overestimate the blood volume (BV) and blood flow (BF) value, and to underestimate the mean transit time (MTT) value compared with the traditional method. However, there was no statistically significant difference in BV, BF, and MTT value between the two methods except permeability surface (PS) ( >0.05). The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) of our protocol were lower than the traditional one. The new protocol can obtain valuable diagnostic information in a shorter time without significant compromise in image quality. In addition, it reduces the radiation dose as well as contrast medium usage on the patient.

关键词： computed tomography angiography computed tomography perfusion

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Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening: opportunities and challenges

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 116-121 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0600-1

摘要：

Lung cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in both males and females. Screening for lung cancer coupled with earlier intervention has long been studied as an approach to mortality reduction. However, minimal progress was achieved until recently, when low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) screening demonstrated a 20% reduction in mortality from lung cancer in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the National Lung Screening Trial, from the United States. On the basis of this finding, LDCT has been recommended for lung cancer screening in high-risk populations by several clinical guidelines. However, results from the following independent RCTs in Europe failed to show consistent conclusions. In addition, intractable problems gradually emerged with the progress of LDCT screening. This paper summarizes and discusses the main observations and challenges of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Before spreading implementation of LDCT screening, challenges, including high false-positive rates, overdiagnosis, enormous costs, and radiation risk, must be addressed. Complementary biomarkers and technical improvement are expected in the field of lung cancer screening in the near future.

关键词： lung cancer low-dose computerized tomography early detection opportunities challenges

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The dynamic correction of collimation errors of CT slicing pictures

LIU Ya-xiong, Sekou Sing-are, LI Di-chen, LU Bing-heng

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第2期页码 168-172 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0016-0

摘要： To eliminate the motion artifacts of CT images caused by patient motions and other related errors, two kinds of correctors (A type and U type) are proposed to monitor the scanning process and correct the motion artifacts of the original images via reverse geometrical transformation such as reverse scaling, moving, rotating and offsetting. The results confirm that the correction method with any of the correctors can improve the accuracy and reliability of CT images, which facilitates in eliminating or decreasing the motion artifacts and correcting other static errors and image processing errors. This provides a foundation for the 3D reconstruction and accurate fabrication of the customized implants.

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基于实时CT扫描技术的CO₂和N₂交替注入条件下煤吸附膨胀和解吸收缩规律研究 Article

张广磊, P.G. Ranjith, Herbert E. Huppert

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 88-95 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.010

摘要：本文采用原位同步辐射X射线显微CT扫描技术，首次在原位条件下直接证明了注入氮气（N₂）可以置换解吸CO₂并减小因CO₂吸附引起的煤基质膨胀

关键词： CCS CO₂-ECBM 碳中和 X 射线成像煤渗透率

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光场成像技术：模型、标定、重建及应用 Review

Hao ZHU, Qing WANG, Jingyi YU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第9期页码 1236-1249 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601727

摘要：光场成像是计算摄像学领域一项新兴技术。基于对成像模型和光路的创新设计，光场相机不仅记录了三维物体的空间强度，而且捕获了物理世界中的角度信息。本文首先回顾了光场相机的三个关键问题，包括成像模型、标定理论以及重建方法。然后，系统介绍了光场成像技术在信息学、物理学、医学和生物学等领域的应用现状。最后，讨论了光场成像目前存在的问题，并展望了光场成像技术的应用前景。

关键词：光场成像；全光函数；成像模型；标定；重建

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光学成像中的相位问题 Review

Guo-hai SITU, Hai-chao WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第9期页码 1277-1287 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700298

摘要：本文回顾了近期我们在迭代相位恢复技术及其在光学成像中的应用等方面的研究工作。

关键词：相位恢复；相位成像；计算成像；Gerchberg-Saxton算法；光学加密；计算机全息图

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计算成像领域新理论和新方法 Review

Xue-mei HU, Jia-min WU, Jin-li SUO, Qiong-hai DAI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第9期页码 1207-1221 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700211

摘要：计算成像学从光传播和信息传递角度为光的整个成像过程建模，将计算能力引入传统光学成像，旨在突破视觉信息记录的局限。计算成像领域的进展，促进了不同基础学科和应用学科的发展。我们概述了计算成像领域的基本原则和方法、发展过程及其在科学发展中起到的重要作用，从视觉信号的不同维度——包括空间、时间、角度、光谱、相位——分别综述了计算成像领域最新和最先进的研究进展，并讨论了该领域有发展前景的研究方向

关键词：计算成像；多维多尺度；超分辨；飞秒成像；3D重建；超光谱成像

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用于毫米波焦面阵成像系统的扩展半球介质透镜

孙忠良,窦文斌

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第3期页码 42-47

摘要：

毫米波成像是近年来毫米波领域的一个研究热点，而焦面阵成像因其具有实时成像的优点更加受到重视。文中分析可用于焦面阵成像的扩展半球介质透镜。这种焦面阵成像结构将集成天线阵贴附在透镜背面接收透镜聚焦的功率，消除了集成天线工作在毫米波频段时存在的表面波对天线性能的影响，具有尺寸紧凑、损耗小的特点。采用Stmtton-Chu公式和射线追迹分析了电磁波人射到扩展半球透镜上时在其背面的场分布，即透镜的焦区场分布，以获得透镜用于焦面阵成像时的性能。

关键词：毫米波天线成像扩展半球介质透镜

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复杂结构中异常区域对波速成像影响的量化研究 Article

董陇军, 童小洁, 马举

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第7期页码 1011-1022 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.021

摘要：随着实时监测技术的出现，波速场精确成像使异常区域精准探测成为可能。但成像结果易受到多种因素的影响，尤其在小尺度上应用时。为此，我们采用被动声发射监测和主动超声波探测相结合的增强型三维成像技术，对包括初始速度模型、传感器排布、路径覆盖范围、事件的空间分布和定位误差等因素进行研究，共开展相关测试37组，获得了不同因素对成像精度的量化影响测试结果表明该成像技术可有效应对复杂结构中的异常区域的精准探测，且在初始迭代参数优化后，异常区域的探测精度显著提高。

关键词：异常区域探测成像作用波速路径

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高速单像素成像技术原理及应用 Review

Qiang GUO, Yu-xi WANG, Hong-wei CHEN, Ming-hua CHEN, Si-gang YANG, Shi-zhong XIE

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第9期页码 1261-1267 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601719

摘要：单像素成像技术具有利用一个单像素探测器获取高分辨图像的能力，近十年来得到广泛关注。该技术已应用于多个领域，如核磁共振成像、航天遥感、太赫兹成像和高光谱成像。然而，单像素相机的成像速度受到数字微镜阵列和图像压缩程度限制，导致其时间分辨率较低（毫秒量级）。因此，观察显微成像中的高速动态现象对于单像素相机而言是巨大挑战。最近，基于光子时间拉伸的高速单像素成像技术被提出，其远超普通相机的成像速度也得到验证。

关键词：压缩采样；单像素成像；光子时间拉伸；成像式流式细胞仪

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Analyzing the characterization of pore structures and permeability of diesel contaminated clays under different aging conditions

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1264-1280 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0921-x

摘要： In this study, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (XRμCT) were used to characterize the pore structures and investigate the permeability characteristics of clay after aging and contamination with diesel. The results of the MIP tests showed that aging leads to reductions in porosity and average diameter, as well as an increase in tortuosity. The XRμCT analysis yielded consistent results; it showed that aging renders pores more spherical and isotropic and pore surfaces smoother. This weakens the pore connectivity. Micromorphological analysis revealed that aging led to the rearrangement of soil particles, tighter interparticle overlapping, and a reduction in pore space. The combination of MIP and XRμCT provided a comprehensive and reliable characterization of the soil pore structure. An increased diesel content increased the porosity and average diameter and reduced the tortuosity of the pores. Mechanistic analysis showed that aging weakens interparticle cohesion; this causes large agglomerates to break down into smaller agglomerates, resulting in a tighter arrangement and a subsequent reduction in porosity. An increase in diesel content increases the number of large agglomerates and pore spaces between agglomerates, resulting in increased porosity. Both aging and diesel content can weaken the permeation characteristics of soil.

关键词： MIP XRμCT aging diesel content pore structure permeability characteristics

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Creep-fatigue crack growth behavior in GH4169 superalloy

Dianyin HU, Xiyuan WANG, Jianxing MAO, Rongqiao WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 369-376 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0489-7

摘要： This study aims to examine the crack growth behavior of turbine disc GH4169 superalloy under creep-fatigue loading. Crack growth experiments were performed on compact tension specimens using trapezoidal waveform with dwell time at the maximum load at 650 °C. The crack growth rate of GH4169 superalloy significantly increased with dwell time. The grain boundaries oxidize during the dwell process, thereby inducing an intergranular creep-fatigue fracture mode. In addition, testing data under the same dwell time showed scattering at the crack growth rate. Consequently, a modified model based on the Saxena equation was proposed by introducing a distribution factor for the crack growth rate. Microstructural observation confirmed that the small grain size and high volume fraction of the d phase led to a fast creep-fatigue crack growth rate at 650 °C, thus indicating that two factors, namely, fine grain and presence of the d phase at the grain boundary, increased the amount of weakened interface at high temperature, in which intergranular cracks may form and propagate.

关键词： crack growth rate creep-fatigue GH4169 superalloy CT specimen dwell time

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A pilot study on Paxlovid therapy for hemodialysis patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1011-0

摘要： We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) therapy for hemodialysis-dependent patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Thirteen hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 from April 3 to May 30, 2022, were recruited. Laboratory parameters and chest CT (computed tomography) imaging were analyzed. The treatment group included six patients who received 150 mg/100 mg of Paxlovid orally once daily for 5 days, whereas the control group included seven patients who received basic treatment. No serious adverse reactions or safety events were recorded. Four control patients progressed to moderate disease, and none in the treatment group showed progression of chest CT findings (P < 0.05). Paxlovid therapy tended toward early viral clearance and low viral load on Day 8. Moreover, 83.3% of the patients in the treatment group and 57.1% of the patients in the control group turned negative within 22 days. In the Paxlovid treatment group, we found significantly increased levels of lymphocytes (P=0.03) and eosinophils (P=0.02) and decreased levels of D-dimer on Day 8 compared with those on Day 1. Paxlovid therapy showed a potential therapeutic effect with good tolerance in hemodialysis patients. The optimal dose and effectiveness evaluation must be further investigated in a largeer cohort.

关键词： Paxlovid hemodialysis SARS-CoV-2 viral load chest CT scan

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基于谐波的多光子扫描结构光照明超分辨显微成像

汪磊, 郑晓敏, 周洁, 王美婷, 陈嘉杰, 曾佑君, 许改霞, 王颖, 邱海霞, 邵永红, 屈军乐, 高志, 顾瑛

《工程（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 65-72 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.010

摘要：

本文提出了一种利用多光子非线性效应的多光子结构光照明超分辨显微成像（multiphoton-structured illuminationmicroscopy, mP-SIM）技术，可实现比线性SIM 更高的成像分辨率。对细胞内染色F-肌动蛋白和小鼠尾腱胶原纤维成像，进一步验证了mP-SIM 的超分辨成像能力。该方法不但适用于多光子荧光超分辨显微成像，而且适用于非标记的如SHG等超分辨显微成像；重要的是，该方法不需要特定的荧光团或高功率激发光，可直接用于商用mP显微系统来实现超分辨成像。

关键词：超分辨显微成像结构光照明超分辨显微成像多光子结构光照明超分辨显微成像 SIM 二次谐波产生（SHG）-SIM