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Sensitivity analysis of the deterioration of concrete strength in marine environment to multiple corrosive

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 175-190 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0791-z

摘要： The corrosion degradation behavior of concrete materials plays a crucial role in the change of its mechanical properties under multi-ion interaction in the marine environment. In this study, the variation in the macro-physical and mechanical properties of concrete with corrosion time is investigated, and the source of micro-corrosion products under different salt solutions in seawater are analyzed. Regardless of the continuous hydration effect of concrete, the damage effects of various corrosive ions (Cl^–,

S O 4 2 −

, and Mg²⁺, etc.) on the tensile and compressive strength of concrete are discussed based on measurement in different salt solutions. The sensitivity analysis method for concrete strength is used to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity of concrete strength to the effects of each ion in a multi-salt solution without considering the influence of continued hydration. The quantitative results indicate that the addition of Cl^– can weaken the corrosion effect of

S O 4 2 −

by about 20%, while the addition of Mg²⁺ or Mg²⁺ and Cl^– can strengthen it by 10%–20% during a 600-d corrosion process.

关键词： sensitivity analysis concrete strength corrosion deterioration multi-ion interaction marine environment

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Environmental deterioration of farmlands caused by the irrational use of agricultural technologies

Xubin Pan,Zhongkui Luo,Yongbo Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0865-7

摘要： Without considering the ecosystem-dependence of agricultural production, irrational use of agricultural technologies could bring only short-term economic benefits but leave long-term environmental deterioration. If some agricultural lands have to be abandoned because of these technologies such as chemical films or groundwater depletion, it will aggravate the burden of remaining lands for maintaining or enhancing production. Thus, agricultural production should be a part of public services, requiring the consideration of interests of different stakeholders and sustainability.

关键词： agricultural film groundwater exploitation food security environmental cost

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基于全寿命劣化分析的海底盾构隧道管片安全保障对策研究

刘四进,何川,孙齐,封坤

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第6期页码 52-60 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.008

摘要：

管片接头是海底盾构隧道衬砌结构的薄弱环节，在海水的高压力与腐蚀环境的持续耦合作用下，其劣化性能严重影响整个海底盾构隧道衬砌结构的安全。本文在分析既有管片接头侵蚀劣化研究成果的基础上，引入隧道服役时间因素，建立可实现海水压力渗透与氯离子侵蚀的管片接头全寿命侵蚀劣化分析模型，分析了全寿命周期（100年）内海底隧道管片接头的渐进式侵蚀劣化规律，重点研究了海水压力与氯离子浓度对管片接头侵蚀劣化及钢筋锈蚀的影响，并基于全寿命周期内的侵蚀劣化分析，提出保障海底盾构隧道管片衬砌结构长期安全的最经济、最合理的对策。

关键词：盾构隧道安全保障劣化分析离子侵蚀管片接头

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Effect of environment change on the strength of cement/lime treated clays

Takenori HINO, Rui JIA, Seiji SUEYOSHI, Tri HARIANTO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 153-165 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0153-y

摘要： The field strengths of cement/lime treated clays were investigated in the Ariake Sea costal lowlands. The deposition environment of the investigation location is reconstructed and compared to the present ground environment. The mechanism of the ground environment change and its effect on the strength of cement/lime treated soil are discussed. The strength development of improved soil using cement and lime in different curing environments was investigated in the laboratory for studying the effect of environment change on the strength also. It has been found that the strength deterioration of improved soil in deep mixing method is due to 1) the ground environment change due to the secondary oxidation which results in low pH value and high organic content, and 2) the formations of the porous structures result from the elution of the calcium ions. Also, it has been found that the initial strength increase of the improved soil is related to the dissolved silica and that the dissolution of the silica in clay minerals needs long time. When examining the long-term strength for preventing strength degradation, the effect of environmental change has to be considered. The importance of measuring pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the ground for cement/lime solidification method is explained.

关键词： soil solidification ground environment strength deterioration pH oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) silica

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Evaluating effect of chloride attack and concrete cover on the probability of corrosion

Sanjeev Kumar VERMA, Sudhir Singh BHADAURIA, Saleem AKHTAR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 379-390 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0223-9

摘要： Corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is one of the significant causes of deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Chlorination is a major process governing the initiation and advancement of the injurious corrosion of steel bars. Now, several researches on the chlorination of concrete structures have been ongoing around the world. Present article reviews several recently performed chlorination studies, and from results of a field survey evaluates the effect of chloride content on the probability of corrosion and the influence of concrete compressive strength on the chloride content and penetration, also evaluates the effect of concrete cover over the chloride content of the RC structures at rebar depth and on the probability of corrosion.

关键词： concrete chloride reinforcement corrosion deterioration cover

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碱硅酸反应与碱碳酸盐反应

唐明述

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第1期页码 34-40

摘要：

碱集料反应（AAR）可分为两类，即碱硅酸反应（ASR）与碱碳酸盐反应（ACR）。二者的共同点是与碱发生的化学反应可导致混凝土中集料的体积增大，从而可能使混凝土甚至整个建筑物或构筑物发生膨胀开裂。文章着重从膨胀过程和机理以及岩石的结构特征探讨二者的特性与差异。ASR类型岩石具有碱活性的前提条件是较低的二氧化硅结晶完整度。只有隐晶质、微晶质、玻璃质或发生过应变的二氧化硅才会具有较高的化学活性，导致混凝土破坏。通过系统研究证实，对碱碳酸盐反应，虽然结晶的完整程度以及白云石（CaCO₃·MgCO₃）分子式中Ca/Mg比也将影响其与碱反应的速率，但起决定作用的是白云石晶体的尺寸及其在岩石中的分布状态和被基质包围的紧密程度。从微观结构得出的这些特征将有助于加深对碱集料反应膨胀机理的认识。文中还介绍了形成活性白云石的地质环境和碱硅酸反应与碱碳酸盐反应的区分方法。

关键词：碱集料硅酸碳酸盐混凝土开裂机理

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Heat transfer with water flowing upward in a tube for pressures up to supercritical region

Yuzhou CHEN, Chunsheng YANG, Shuming ZHANG, Minfu ZHAO, Kaiwen DU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 358-365 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0071-4

摘要： A heat transfer experiment was conducted in a tube of 6.07mm in diameter with water flowing upward, covering the ranges of pressure of 10―23MPa, mass flux of 288―1298kg/(m·s), local water temperature of 78°C―270°C, heat flux of 0.23―1.18MW/m and Reynolds number of 5.5×10―3.9×10. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of the Dittus-Boelter correlation, Jackson correlation, Bishop correlation, Swenson correlation and Yamagata correlation. Significant deterioration in heat transfer was observed in both subcritical and supercritical region due to the effect of buoyancy force, but it was not predicted reasonably by the existing correlations.

关键词： heat transfer deterioration buoyancy supercritical water

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结构时变可靠度计算的全随机过程模型

杜斌,向天宇,赵人达

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第3期页码 108-112

摘要：

为了对既有结构的可靠性进行正确评估，必须考虑时间变化的影响，对目前可靠度分析中采用的只考虑荷载随时间变化的半随机过程模型进行改进。基于结构抗力和作用效应相互独立的基本假设，充分依据作用效应和抗力的时变特性，考虑结构抗力为独立增量过程，并计算了抗力的自相关系数，得到了计算结构失效概率的近似算法，建立了结构时变可靠度计算的全随机过程模型。通过实例验证，该方法简单易行，便于工程应用，为基于时变可靠度理论的既有结构评估和寿命预测提供理论依据。

关键词：既有结构随机过程时变可靠度作用效应抗力衰减

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碱激发材料与普通硅酸盐水泥和混凝土的耐久性能比较 Review

王爱国, 郑毅, 张祖华, 刘开伟, 李燕, 石亮, 孙道胜

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第6期页码 695-706 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.019

摘要：

中国是世界上普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）生产量和使用量最大的国家，基础设施建设的快速发展对混凝土材料提出了可持续发展的要求。碱激发材料（AAM）是一种新型节能环保建筑材料，具有广泛的应用前景。本文对比总结了AAM和OPC经硫酸盐侵蚀、酸侵蚀、碳化和氯离子渗透后的耐久性能，阐述了因硅铝质原材料不同和碱激发产物不同，导致AAM耐久性能表现出巨大差异的关系，并根据硅铝质原材料的钙（Ca）含量的高低，对比分析了无钙、低钙、高钙三种体系的AAM的性能劣化机理。尽管目前不同的研究对AAM的耐久性能和长期稳定性存在一定争议，并引起了相当的关注，但总体而言，AAM较OPC表现出了更好的耐久性能。

关键词：碱激发材料地聚合物耐久性能普通硅酸盐水泥劣化机理

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人类活动导致的生态屏障破坏对人类健康造成致命威胁 Review

张大奕, 杨云锋, 李淼, 陆韻, 刘毅, 蒋靖坤, 刘锐平, 刘建国, 黄霞, 李广贺, 曲久辉

《工程（英文）》 2022年第10卷第3期页码 155-166 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.002

摘要：

近期暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情与21 世纪以来多次暴发的新兴传染病疫情吸引了全球关注。这些新兴传染病对全球公共健康构成威胁，促生了大量针对病毒从动物到人类社会传播机制的研究。尽管已有许多研究论述了新兴传染病如何突破物种屏障和地理屏障传播的现象，但对于物种屏障和地理屏障在野生动物栖息地中存在的协同作用仍不清晰。尚未有针对病毒在生态系统中扩散、迁移和传播机制的系统性研究。为此，本文提出了生态屏障的新概念，综合了物种屏障和地理屏障概念中自然和中间宿主对病毒传播的影响，系统讨论了影响病毒突破生态屏障，实现传染病从野生动物到人群传播的多个关键影响因素，包括传播途径、接触概率、接触频率和病毒特征等。针对人类活动和全球化进程对生态屏障强度的显著影响，本文也分析了人类活动削弱生态屏障的机制，包括全球气候变化可以诱发和扩大新兴传染病的范围，人类活动可以增加病毒与人类社会的接触频率和进入人群的传播概率，全球化还会在城市中形成新的高风险区域等。本文阐明了生态屏障阻碍病毒感染人群的传播机制，相关结论为保护生态屏障、降低新兴传染病传播风险和保障公共安全提供了理论支撑。

关键词：新兴传染病病毒生态屏障