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THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 387-399 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021414
Modern agriculture needs to develop transition pathways toward agroecological, resilient and sustainable farming systems. One key pathway for such agroecological intensification is the diversification of cropping systems using intercropping and notably cereal-grain legume mixtures. Such mixtures or intercrops have the potential to increase and stabilize yields and improve cereal grain protein concentration in comparison to sole crops. Species mixtures are complex and the 4C approach is both a pedagogical and scientific way to represent the combination of four joint effects of Competition, Complementarity, Cooperation, and Compensation as processes or effects occurring simultaneously and dynamically between species over the whole cropping cycle. Competition is when plants have fairly similar requirements for abiotic resources in space and time, the result of all processes that occur when one species has a greater ability to use limiting resources (e.g., nutrients, water, space, light) than others. Complementarity is when plants grown together have different requirements for abiotic resources in space, time or form. Cooperation is when the modification of the environment by one species is beneficial to the other(s). Compensation is when the failure of one species is compensated by the other(s) because they differ in their sensitivity to abiotic stress. The 4C approach allows to assess the performance of arable intercropping versus classical sole cropping through understanding the use of abiotic resources.
关键词： compensation competition complementarity cooperation interspecific interactions land equivalent ratio light nutrients species mixtures water
INTERCROPPING: FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 373-386 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021398
Intercropping is a traditional farming system that increases crop diversity to strengthen agroecosystem functions while decreasing chemical inputs and minimizing negative environmental effects of crop production. Intercropping is currently considerable interest because of its importance in sustainable agriculture. Here, we synthesize the factors that make intercropping a sustainable means of food production by integrating biodiversity of natural ecosystems and crop diversity. In addition to well-known yield increases, intercropping can also increase yield stability over the long term and increase systemic resistance to plant diseases, pests and other unfavorable factors (e.g. nutrient deficiencies). The efficient use of resources can save mineral fertilizer inputs, reduce environmental pollution risks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by agriculture, thus mitigating global climate change. Intercropping potentially increases above- and below-ground biodiversity of various taxa at field scale, consequently it enhances ecosystem services. Complementarity and selection effects allow a better understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced ecosystem functioning. The development of mechanization is essential for large-scale application of intercropping. Agroecosystem multifunctionality and soil health should be priority topics in future research on intercropping.
关键词： agroecosystems ， crop diversity ，intercropping，interspecific interactions，sustainable agriculture
Water, energy and food interactions–Challenges and opportunities
Gustaf OLSSON
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期 页码 787-793 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0526-z
关键词： water security energy security food security water-energy nexus water conflicts
Qiaomei RU, Younghee CHO, Qingrong HUANG,
《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期 页码 399-406 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0253-y
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 167-169 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022446
Intensive agriculture, characterized by strong reliance on excessive amount of external agrochemical inputs in simplified cropping systems has contributed successfully to feeding an increasing number of humans, but at the expense of severe resource and environmental costs. Consequently, the Earth is facing multifaceted challenges, including increasing food demand both in quantity and quality, global warming associated with extreme weather events, soil degradation and depletion of natural resources. To address some of these challenges, we have developed this Special Issue on Sustainable Crop and Pasture Systems for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering (FASE). The issue addresses the research frontiers of two main themes: (1) aboveground-belowground ecological and physiological mechanisms, processes and ecosystem functions; and (2) the synergies and trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services in sustainable crop and pasture systems. There are 10 articles in this Special Issue including review and research articles with contributions from Australia, China, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. The contributors are all highly-regarded scientists devoted to studies on mechanisms and applications of sustainable crop and pasture systems.
Sustainable crop and pasture systems have a potential to enhance the synergies in multiple ecosystem services, consisting of higher food production, lower environmental impacts and climate change mitigation. To innovate sustainable cropping systems requires deeper and comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying above- and belowground interactions. Hans Lambers and Wen-Feng Cong emphasized the importance of diversifying crop species or genotypes with complementary or facilitative functional traits. This will mediate key ecosystem processes related to water, carbon and nutrients, contributing to higher resource-use efficiency and enhancing synergies in ecosystem services ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022444). Root functional traits such as root exudates are pivotal in nutrient mobilization, either directly mobilizing plant nutrients in the soil or indirectly so via modifications of the soil microbiome. Cathryn A. O'Sullivan and coworkers reported a novel role of root exudates from canola in inhibiting nitrification in soils. They found that these root exudates (called biological nitrogen (N) inhibitors) can significantly reduce nitrification rates of both Nitrosospira multiformis cultures and native nitrifying communities in soil. This would reduce nitrate losses, but increase plant N uptake and microbial N immobilization, subsequently benefiting the following cereal crops through mineralization of this organic N pool ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021421). Jonathan Storkey and Andrew J. Macdonald used the longest-lasting grassland biodiversity experiment in the world to examine the relationships between plant functional traits and ecosystem services. They reported a strong trade-off between plots with high productivity, N inputs and soil organic carbon and plots with a large number of plant species with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies. An increasing proportion of forbs with greater longevity and lower leaf dry matter content can partly mitigate the trade-offs between plant diversity and productivity ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021438).
John A. Raven further explored synergies or trade-offs of ecosystem services regulated by above- and belowground interactions, mainly functioning through energy, material and information pathways. Solar energy is the key driver for photosynthesis and transpiration, modulating the flow of water and nutrients in soils moving aboveground and the flow of carbohydrates feeding belowground biota. Information transfer can be through hydraulic, electrical and chemical signaling, regulating plant development, abiotic and biotic damage and resource excess and limitation ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021433).
Timothy S. George and coauthors highlighted the importance of harnessing biodiversity principles and physiological mechanisms in diversified cropping systems to achieve agricultural sustainability. They demonstrate that crop diversification combined with optimized management such as minimum tillage and reduced fertilizer inputs can improve soil quality, promoting soil biotic activities and associated functions. This will reduce the reliance on agrochemical inputs and environmental impacts, and increase climatic resilience ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021437). Ruqiang Zhang and coworkers applied the One Health concept to design healthy dairy farms. They employed a wide range of soil and plant diversity measures such as intercropping, crop rotation and flower strips at both field and landscape scales to reduce the inputs of fertilizers, pesticides as well as soil compaction caused by heavy machines. The biodiversity-based solutions can help dairy farmers maintain a healthy eco-environment, while producing high-quality milk ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022445). Emily C. Cooledge and her colleagues show that introducing multispecies leys with perennial legumes and other forbs into arable rotations will achieve multiple ecosystem benefits. This occurs mainly in three ways—return of livestock manure, permanent soil cover and less disturbance of soil—which promote soil food web interactions and soil aggregate stability, subsequently sequestering more carbon in soils ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021439). Ting Luo and coauthors used the sugarcane cropping system in China as an example and analyzed the current challenges and problems and proposed a wide range of crop, soil and input management practices such as crop rotation, strategic tillage and optimized nutrient management to achieve sustainable sugarcane cropping systems ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022442).
Focusing on the multi-objective assessment of different cropping systems, Léa Kervroëdan and coworkers assessed the agronomic and environmental impacts of food, feed and mixed (food, feed and biogas) cropping systems. They found that mixed cropping systems had a greater potential of bioenergy production and agronomic performance, but also higher greenhouse gas emissions. This warrants long-term examination of whether short-term higher greenhouse gas emissions can be offset by long-term soil carbon sequestration in this system ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021435). Jeroen C. J. Groot and Xiaolin Yang applied a new mathematical approach of evolutionary multi-objective optimization to 30 cropping systems practiced on the North China Plain with the aim of overcoming the trade-offs between revenues, energy and nutrient supply and groundwater depletion at a regional level. This approach allows national or regional policymakers to plan growing area of certain sustainable cropping systems ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021434).
As the Guest Editors, we thank all authors and reviewers for their valuable contributions to this Special Issue on Sustainable Crop and Pasture Systems. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their professional support.
Dr. Wen-Feng Cong, Associate Professor at College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University. He obtained his PhD at Wageningen University in the Netherlands and conducted postdoctoral research at Aarhus University in Denmark. His research focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of crop, genotype and cropping system diversity on soil carbon sequestration and soil phosphorus utilization, and applying the ecological mechanisms to design sustainable diversified cropping systems. He is author of over 30 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals, including Trends in Plant Science, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, and Global Change Biology. He is leading or participating in sustainable cropping systems related projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is acting as a member of the editorial board of Frontiers in Agronomyand Frontiers in Soil Science.
Dr. Hans Lambers, Emeritus Professor at the University of Western Australia and Distinguished Professor at College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University. He obtained his PhD at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands and conducted postdoctoral research in Australia and the Netherlands, before taking up a position of Professor of Plant Ecophysiology at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and then Professor of Plant Biology and Ecology at the University of Western Australia in Australia. His research focuses on understanding plant–soil interactions and plant nutrition, with an emphasis on Australian plants and crop legumes. He is author of over 550 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals, including Annual Review of Plant Biology,Trends in Plant Science, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, New Phytologist, Plant and Soil,Global Change Biology, andNature Plants. He is leading or participating in projects on plant nutrition funded by the Australian Research Council. He is the lead author of an influential textbook, Plant Physiological Ecology (1998, 2008, and 2019), Editor in Chief of Plant and Soil(1992–present), and Associate Editor in Chief ofFrontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering
Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review
Rui Li,Xuefei Lv,Xingjian Zhang,Omer Saeed,Yulin Deng
《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期 页码 90-98 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1550-2
关键词： microfluidic chip co-culture cell-cell interactions review
Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction
Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期 页码 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100
关键词： plant–pathogen interactions systems biology omics plant immunity protein–protein interaction network
Analysis of interactions of immune checkpoint inhibitors with antibiotics in cancer therapy
《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 页码 307-321 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0927-0
关键词： tumor immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitor antibiotics gut microbiota drug–drug interaction
Toxicity models of metal mixtures established on the basis of “additivity” and “interactions”
Yang Liu,Martina G. Vijver,Bo Pan,Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0916-8
关键词： Metal Mixtures Toxicity Additivity Modeling Interactions
Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review
Shuai Li, Zhiyao Yang, Da Hu, Liu Cao, Qiang He
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1357-3
Asghar Azizi, Seid Ziaoddin Shafaei, Mohammad Noaparast, Mohammad Karamoozian
《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期 页码 464-471 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1356-z
关键词： steel ball galvanic interaction pyrite chalcopyrite polarization curves
马耀明
《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第9期 页码 28-34
青藏高原作为地球的第三极，是“水—冰—气—生”多圈层体现最全，且相互作用最强烈的地区。高原强大的动力和热力作用显著地影响着东亚气候格局、亚洲季风进程和北半球大气环流。全球气候变化不仅影响到青藏高原本身的水圈与冰冻圈过程，改变青藏高原内部的生态系统与环境，影响该地区社会经济发展与人民生存条件，而且通过大气环流与水循环过程直接影响到东亚及周边国家的用水安全和自然灾害防护。正确认识青藏高原复杂地表多圈层相互作用规律的一条有效途径是在各种不同的下垫面上建立多圈层相互作用综合观测站（点）。在中国科学院和国家相关部门的支持下，过去的7年中，中国科学院青藏高原研究所与其他相关单位一道正在整个青藏高原面上逐步建立“青藏高原观测研究平台”以研究该地区复杂地表的多圈层相互作用规律。首先具体介绍中国科学院青藏高原研究所在高原上已经建立的5个综合观测研究站，然后介绍利用各个站点观测资料分析得到的多圈层相互作用（主要是地气相互作用）的研究结果，最后提出了青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测试验研究所面临的难题和可能的解决办法。
Aijun Ding,Wei Nie,Xin Huang,Xuguang Chi,Jianning Sun,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Zheng Xu,Weidong Guo,Tuukka Petäjä,Xiuqun Yang,Markku Kulmala,Congbin Fu
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0877-3
关键词： Secondary pollution Ground-based measurement Planetary boundary layer meteorology Earth system processes
Mingyu LIN,Yao Hsiang TSENG,Chin-Pao HUANG
《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 242-257 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1513-7
关键词： nano-TiO2 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algal cells titanium dioxide uptake
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY
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Biopolymer-stabilized emulsions on the basis of interactions between β -lactoglobulin and ι -carrageenan
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SUSTAINABLE CROP AND PASTURE SYSTEMS: FROM ABOVE- AND BELOWGROUND INTERACTIONS TO ECOSYSTEM MULTIFUNCTIONALITY
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Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review
Rui Li,Xuefei Lv,Xingjian Zhang,Omer Saeed,Yulin Deng
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Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction
Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG
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of the transport and fate of airborne droplets in a ventilated office: The role of droplet−droplet interactions
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Toxicity models of metal mixtures established on the basis of “additivity” and “interactions”
Yang Liu,Martina G. Vijver,Bo Pan,Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg
期刊论文
Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review
Shuai Li, Zhiyao Yang, Da Hu, Liu Cao, Qiang He
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The effect of pH, solid content, water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between
Asghar Azizi, Seid Ziaoddin Shafaei, Mohammad Noaparast, Mohammad Karamoozian
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Long-term observation of air pollution-weather/climate interactions at the SORPES station: a review and
Aijun Ding,Wei Nie,Xin Huang,Xuguang Chi,Jianning Sun,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Zheng Xu,Weidong Guo,Tuukka Petäjä,Xiuqun Yang,Markku Kulmala,Congbin Fu
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