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Kinematical synthesis of an inversion of the double linked fourbar for morphing wing applications

J. AGUIRREBEITIA, R. AVILéS, I. FERNáNDEZ, M. ABASOLO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 17-32 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0364-5

摘要：

This paper presents the kinematical features of an inversion of the double linked fourbar for morphing wing purposes. The structure of the mechanism is obtained using structural synthesis concepts, from an initial conceptual schematic. Then, kinematic characteristics as instant center of rotation, lock positions, dead point positions and uncertainty positions are derived for this mechanism in order to face the last step, the dimensional synthesis; in this sense, two kinds of dimensional synthesis are arranged to guide the wing along two positions, and to fulfill with the second one some aerodynamic and minimum actuation energy related issues.

关键词： morphing wing structural synthesis dimensional synthesis geometrical kinematics

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Meshless numerical method based on tensor product

SUN Haitao, WANG Yuanhan, MIAO Yu

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 166-171 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0021-y

摘要： A normalized space constructed by tensor product is used in field function approach to give a special case of moving least squares (MLS) interpolation scheme. In the regular domain, the field function which meets homogenous boundary conditions is constructed by spanning base space to make the MLS interpolation scheme simpler and more efficient. Owing to expanded basis functions selection, some drawbacks in general MLS method, for example repeated inversion, low calculation efficiency, and complex criterions, can be avoided completely. Numerical examples illustrate that the proposed method is characterized by simple mathematical concept, convenient repeat calculations with high accuracy, good continuity, less computation and rapid convergence.

关键词： mathematical continuity inversion selection efficient

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Solvent-resistant porous membranes using poly(ether−ether ketone): preparation and application

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1536-1559 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2221-8

摘要： Poly(ether−ether ketone) (PEEK) is a linear aromatic macromolecule, which can form semi-crystalline aggregative status, allowing PEEK materials to have strong environment tolerance and excellent physicochemical properties. PEEK materials have become a promising alternative to fabricate particular membranes used in extreme conditions. In the past few decades, many researches and evolutions have emerged in membrane fabrication with PEEK materials and its applications for treating organic solvents and their mixtures; however, there are little systematic and comprehensive literature to summarize fabrication approaches, compile applications, and elaborate PEEK property-structure relationship. In this review, the main approaches to fabricate PEEK-based membranes are illustrated concretely, including conventional thermal-induced and non-solvent-induced phase separation, and novel chemical-induced crystallization; the representative applications in ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane contactor containing organic solvents are demonstrated systematically. Meanwhile, the mechanism to tune PEEK solubility in solvents, which can be achieved by altering monomers in synthesis processes or changing membrane preparation routes, is deeply analyzed. Moreover, the existing problems and the future prospects are also discussed. This review provides positive guidance for designing and fabricating membranes using PEEK and its derivative materials for task-specific applications in harsh conditions.

关键词： PEEK phase inversion solvent-resistant membrane nanofiltration membrane contactor

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基于频率域全波形反演的隧道超前探测研究 Article

于明羽, 程飞, 刘江平, 彭代诚, 田志坚

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 197-206 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.018

摘要：

地震超前探测方法是获取隧道前方复杂地质体结构的重要手段，对隧道工程的安全建设和灾害防治极为重要。针对目前隧道地震超前探测方法在获取掌子面前方地质体结构和物性参数时存在精度不足的问题，本文将高分辨率成像的声波频率域全波形反演方法应用于地震隧道超前探测，并研究了频率组选择策略以及观测系统对反演效果的影响，实现了隧道前方不良地质体的结构成像与物性反演。研究结果显示：本文基于常规频率域声波全波形反演的频率组选择策略，提出的覆盖垂直波数和抗混叠相结合的频率组选择策略，能够有效获得隧道前方地质体的空间结构和物性参数，并提高反演分辨率；本文通过线性增加隧道观测系统侧边长度，讨论不同隧道双边观测系统长度对反演成像的影响，得出侧边长度近似于掌子面宽度5 倍时反演效果最佳，超过该范围后继续增加侧边观测长度对反演结果影响可忽略；最后采用研究结果对复杂的多地层模型进行反演，得出掌子面前方复杂地层的准确结构形态和物性参数，验证了本文方法的可行性。

关键词：隧道超前探测全波形反演频率选择策略观测系统设计

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NIPS法聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜的制备与应用

吕晓龙,武春瑞,张昊,赵丽华

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第12期页码 35-45

摘要：

非溶剂相分离（NIPS）制膜方法是20世纪60年代发明的一种高效的制膜方法。利用该法制备的不对称膜结构赋予膜优异的选择渗透性能，膜孔结构易于调控，已经成为当前聚合物分离膜研究及商业化生产中普遍采用的方法。聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）具有优异的综合性能，成膜性能佳，可利用NIPS法制膜。NIPS法PVDF膜的研制、膜结构控制方法及应用研究受到国际膜研究者广泛关注，是分离膜领域热点之一。本文分别针对NIPS法PVDF超滤膜制备的相分离原理研究、膜结构控制方法及膜应用研究等关键研究进展作简要介绍。

关键词：非溶剂致相分离聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜相分离原理膜结构与性能膜应用

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基于HY-2高度计波形数据的高分辨率有效波高反演算法研究

王桂忠,张杰,苗洪利,李国强,王鑫

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第6期页码 60-64

摘要：

有效波高是描述海况的重要参量之一，利用高度计遥感获取有效波高已在海洋研究中获得广泛应用。本文基于海洋二号（HY-2）卫星高度计波形数据，发展了一种高分辨率有效波高反演算法，采用中误差对反演得到的20 Hz有效波高进行筛选，有效提高了测量精度。通过该方法对1 个轨的波形数据进行有效波高反演，统计结果表明：与针对1 s 回波反演的有效波高比较，利用该方法可将有效波高观测分辨率提高约15 倍，精度约为0.44 m；利用HY-2 高度计20 Hz 波形数据反演的有效波高精度可靠，可用其进行高分辨率的相关海洋研究。

关键词： HY-2 有效波高反演算法高分辨率

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Construction and Application of a Regional Kilometer-Scale Carbon Source and Sink Assimilation Inversion

Lifeng Guo,Xiaoye Zhang,Junting Zhong,Deying Wang,Changhong Miao,Licheng Zhao,Zijiang Zhou,Jie Liao,Bo Hu,Lingyun Zhu,Yan Chen,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.017

摘要： CO₂ is one of the most important greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the earth’s atmosphere. Since the industrial era, anthropogenic activities have emitted excessive quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere, resulting in climate warming since the 1950s and leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather and climate events. In 2020, China committed to striving for carbon neutrality by 2060. This commitment and China’s consequent actions will result in significant changes in global and regional anthropogenic carbon emissions and therefore require timely, comprehensive, and objective monitoring and verification support (MVS) systems. The MVS approach relies on the top-down assimilation and inversion of atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Inventory Guidelines in 2019. However, the regional high-resolution assimilation and inversion method is still in its initial stage of development. Here, we have constructed an inverse system for carbon sources and sinks at the kilometer level by coupling proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) with four-dimensional variational (4DVar) data assimilation based on the weather research and forecasting–greenhouse gas (WRF–GHG) model. Our China Carbon Monitoring and Verification Support at the Regional level (CCMVS-R) system can continuously assimilate information on atmospheric CO₂ and other related information and realize the inversion of regional and local anthropogenic carbon emissions and natural terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange. Atmospheric CO₂ data were collected from six ground-based monitoring sites in Shanxi to verify the inversion effect of regional anthropogenic carbon emissions by setting ideal and real experiments using a two-layer nesting method (at 27 km and 9 km). The uncertainty of the simulated atmospheric CO₂ decreased significantly, with a root-mean-square error of CO₂ concentration values between the ideal value and the simulated after assimilation was close to 0. The total anthropogenic carbon emissions in Shanxi Province in 2019 from the assimilated inversions were approximately 28.6% (17%–38%) higher than the mean of five emission inventories using the bottom-up method, showing that the top-down CCMVS-R system can obtain more comprehensive information on anthropogenic carbon emissions.

关键词： CCMVS-R Regional carbon assimilation system Anthropogenic carbon emissions CO2 POD 4DVar

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Polysulfone and zirconia composite separators for alkaline water electrolysis

Li XU, Wei LI, Yan YOU, Shaoxing ZHANG, Yingchun ZHAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 154-161 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1331-8

摘要： The novel composite separators composed of polysulfone and zirconia were prepared by phase inversion precipitation technique. This technique allows pre-evaporation time and extraction temperature to be varied in order to obtain optimal performances of the separators. In order to evaluate practical applicability of those composite separators, a small-scale electrolysis experimental apparatus was used to investigate the changes of cell voltage, gas purity and separator stability. The results revealed a decreased cell voltage compared to the conventional asbestos separators, and the gas purity and separator stability met the requirements for industrial use.

关键词： phase inversion separator alkaline water electrolysis mechanical and chemical stability

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The construction of pseudo-Janus silica/surfactant assembly and their application to stabilize Pickering emulsions and enhance oil recovery

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期页码 1101-1113 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2095-1

摘要： Nanoparticles with high surface energy and chemical activity have drawn substantial attention in petroleum industry. Recently, Janus nanoparticles exhibited tremendous potential in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their asymmetric structures and properties. In this study, a series of amphiphilic pseudo-Janus@OTAB (PJ@C18) nanoparticles with different concentrations of stearyltrimethylammoium bromide (OTAB) were successfully fabricated. The structures and properties of PJ@C18 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ζ-potential measurements. Based on the emulsification experimental results, the interaction models and the self-assembly behavior between hydrophilic nanoparticles (SiO₂@NH₂) and OTAB molecules at the oil/water interface were proposed, which was further confirmed via the measurements of the contact angle and dynamic interfacial tension. Interestingly, it was found that the change of pH value from 7.5 to 4.0 caused the type reversal of the PJ@C18-1000 stabilized Pickering emulsions. Furthermore, the PJ@C18-1000 stabilized Pickering emulsion system with excellent salt and temperature tolerances (10000 mg∙L^–1, 90 °C) significantly improved the oil recovery in the single-tube (more than 17%) and double-tube (more than 25%) sand pack model flooding tests. The findings of this study could help to better understand the construction mechanism of pseudo-Janus silica/surfactant assembly and the potential application of PJ@C18-1000 stabilized Pickering emulsions for EOR.

关键词： Janus nanoparticles surfactant double phase inversion self-assembly enhanced oil recovery

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A spectrometer for measuring particle size distributions in the range of 3 nm to 10 μm

Jieqiong LIU,Jingkun JIANG,Qiang ZHANG,Jianguo DENG,Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 63-72 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0754-x

摘要： A spectrometer combining electrical mobility sizing and aerodynamic sizing was developed to measure aerosol size distributions in the range of 3 nm to 10 μm. It includes three instruments which cover different size ranges (a nano scanning mobility particle sizer (NSMPS, 3 – 60 nm), a regular scanning mobility particle sizer (RSMPS, 40 – 700 nm), and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS, 550 nm – 10 μm)). High voltage and sheath flow of the NSMPS and RSMPS were supplied using two home-built control boxes. A LabVIEW program was developed for spectrometer automatic operation. A linear inversion method was applied to correct particle multiple charging effects and to integrate data from the three instruments into a wide-range size distribution. Experiments were conducted to compare distributions in the overlap size ranges measured by three instruments. Good agreement between the NSMPS and RSMPS was achieved after correcting for the difference in counting efficiencies of the two particle counters. Aerodynamic size distributions reported by the APS were converted to mobility size distributions by applying an effective density method. Distributions measured by the RSMPS and APS were consistent in the overlap size range of 550 – 700 nm. A full spectrum in the size range of 3 nm to 10 μm was demonstrated by measuring aerosol generated using a mixture of different sized polystyrene latex spheres.

关键词： spectrometer particle size distribution electrical mobility linear inversion aerodynamic diameter

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Preparation and properties of gel membrane containing porous PVDF-HFP matrix and cross-linked PEG for lithium ion conduction

ZHANG Mei, CUI Zhenyu, ZHU Baoku, HAN Gaige, XU Youyi, ZHANG Aiqing

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 89-94 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0011-6

摘要： Lithium ion conducting membranes are the key materials for lithium batteries. The lithium ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte membrane (Li-GPEM) based on porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) matrix and cross-linked PEG network is prepared by a typical phase inversion process. By immersing the porous PVDF-HFP membrane in liquid electrolyte containing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and an initiator to absorb the liquid electrolyte at 25°C, and then thermally cross-linking at 60°C, the Li-GPEM is fabricated successfully. The measurements on its weight loss, mechanical and electrochemical properties reveal that the obtained Li-GPEM has better overall performance than the liquid and blend gel systems used as conductive media in lithium batteries. The ionic conductivity of the fabricated Li-GPEM can reach as high as 2.25 × 10 S/cm at 25°C.

关键词： ethylene PEGDA inversion network initiator

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Inverse uncertainty characteristics of pollution source identification for river chemical spill incidents by stochastic analysis

Jiping Jiang, Feng Han, Yi Zheng, Nannan Wang, Yixing Yuan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1081-4

摘要：

Uncertainty rules of pollution source inversion are revealed by stochastic analysis

A release load is most easily inversed and source locations own largest uncertainty

Instantaneous spill assumption has much less uncertainty than continuous spill

The estimated release locations and times negatively deviate from real values

The new findings improve monitoring network design and emergency response to spills

关键词： River chemical spills Emergency response Pollution source inversion Inverse uncertainty analysis Regional Sensitivity Analysis method (RSA) Monte Carlo analysis toolbox (MCAT)

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均质纤维素膜的制备及其正渗透性能研究

张兵涛,张林,黄和,侯立安

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第7期页码 57-61

摘要：

以纤维素（cellulose）为膜材料，离子液体1-乙基-3 甲基咪唑醋酸盐（EMIMAc）为溶剂，水为非溶剂，无纺布作为支撑层，通过相转化法制备了纤维素均质膜。采用红外、X-射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜表征了膜的结构及形貌，考察了该膜的正渗透性能。结果表明：纤维素溶解再生过程中没有发生化学变化，但晶型发生了转变；当原料液为0.6 mol/L 的氯化钠水溶液，汲取液为特制的营养液时，所制备的正渗透膜的水通量为3.534 L/（m²· h），截盐率达到99 %以上。

关键词：正渗透离子液体纤维素膜相转化膜制备

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HY-2卫星微波散射计反演风矢量产品真实性检验方法研究

穆博,林明森,彭海龙,宋清涛,周武

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第6期页码 39-45

摘要：

海洋二号（HY-2）卫星微波散射计主要用于测量海表面的风速和风向，为了确保地面应用系统业务化处理软件生产产品的质量，必须对其生产产品进行真实性检验，为数据产品的定量化应用提供依据。本文基于NCEP分析资料数据，对HY-2 卫星微波散射计反演风矢量产品进行了真实性检验，检验结果表明：采用NCEP分析数据，除了可以给出HY-2 卫星微波散射计反演风矢量产品的整体精度评价之外，还可以用于快速分析与圆锥扫描笔形波束体制相关及测量机理的精度特性分析，辅助分析识别仪器在轨测量性能的短期异常。

关键词：微波散射计反演风矢量真实性检验

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智能高分子开关膜的制备方法研究进展

谢锐,刘壮,巨晓洁,汪伟,褚良银

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第12期页码 94-101

摘要：

智能高分子开关膜是将智能高分子与非刺激响应型基材膜结合而成。由于智能高分子能够响应外界刺激发生亲疏水性转变和构象变化，智能高分子开关膜也能根据外部刺激改变自身的表面/界面特性、渗透通量或选择透过性。智能高分子膜被用作抗污染滤膜、亲和分离、酶反应的起/停控制以及控制释放等。智能高分子开关膜的制备方法直接影响其环境刺激响应特性、稳定性和可重复制备性等。因此，系统介绍了基材膜修饰法、基材修饰成膜法和共混成膜法等3种智能高分子开关膜制备方法的定义、分类、机理和研究进展，并对比了3种方法的优缺点。基材膜修饰法研究最多，而共混成膜法最有望用于大规模制备智能高分子膜。本文以期为高效制备具有稳定、优良响应特性的智能高分子开关膜提供指导和参考。

关键词：智能高分子膜智能凝胶智能线性高分子制备方法相转化法