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ENHANCING RAINFALL-RUNOFF POLLUTION MODELING BY INCORPORATION OF NEGLECTED PHYSICAL PROCESSES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 553-565 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023519

摘要：

The growing need to mitigate rainfall-runoff pollution, especially first flush, calls for accurate quantification of pollution load and the refined understanding of its spatial-temporal variation. The wash-off model has advantages in modeling rainfall-runoff pollution due to the inclusion of two key physical processes, build-up and wash-off. However, this disregards pollution load from wet precipitation and the relationship between rainfall and runoff, leading to uncertainties in model outputs. This study integrated the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) into the wash-off model and added pollutant load from wet precipitation to enhance the rainfall-runoff pollution modeling. The enhanced wash-off model was validated in a typical rural-residential area. The results showed that the model performed better than the established wash-off model and the commonly-used event mean concentrations method, and identified two different modes of pollution characteristics dominated by land pollution and rainfall pollution, respectively. In addition, the model simulated more accurate pollutant concentrations at high-temporal-resolution. From this, it was found that 12% of the total runoff contained 80% to 95% of the total load for chemical oxygen demand, total N, and total P, whereas it contained only 15% of the total load for NH4+-N. The enhanced model can provide deeper insights into non-point pollution mitigation.

关键词： Erhai Lake     field experiment     non-point source     pollution load     rainfall runoff     wash-off model    

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Probabilistic stability analysis of Bazimen landslide with monitored rainfall data and water level fluctuations

Wengang ZHANG, Libin TANG, Hongrui LI, Lin WANG, Longfei CHENG, Tingqiang ZHOU, Xiang CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 1247-1261 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0655-y

摘要： Landslide is a common geological hazard in reservoir areas and may cause great damage to local residents’ life and property. It is widely accepted that rainfall and periodic variation of water level are the two main factors triggering reservoir landslides. In this study, the Bazimen landslide located in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) was back-analyzed as a case study. Based on the statistical features of the last 3-year monitored data and field instrumentations, the landslide susceptibility in an annual cycle and four representative periods was investigated via the deterministic and probabilistic analysis, respectively. The results indicate that the fluctuation of the reservoir water level plays a pivotal role in inducing slope failures, for the minimum stability coefficient occurs at the rapid decline period of water level. The probabilistic analysis results reveal that the initial sliding surface is the most important area influencing the occurrence of landslide, compared with other parts in the landslide. The seepage calculations from probabilistic analysis imply that rainfall is a relatively inferior factor affecting slope stability. This study aims to provide preliminary guidance on risk management and early warning in the TGR area.

关键词： reliability analysis     Bazimen landslide     rainfall     reservoir water level     slope stability    

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基于图像的深度学习降雨强度估计方法 Article

尹航, 郑飞飞, 段焕丰, Dragan Savic, Zoran Kapelan

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第21卷 第2期   页码 162-174 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.021

摘要： 进一步来说，一种称为基于图像的降雨卷积神经网络（image-based rainfall convolutional neural network, irCNN）模型是使用从现有密集传感器（即智能手机或交通摄像头

关键词： 城市洪水     降雨图像     深度学习模型     卷积神经网络（CNN）     降雨强度    

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Analysis of rainfall runoff characteristics from a subtropical urban lawn catchment in South-east China

Jinliang HUANG, Zhenshun TU, Pengfei DU, Qingsheng LI, Jie LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 531-539 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0287-x

摘要： Characteristics of rainfall runoff from a 3.26?hm urban catchment with predominant land-use as lawn in Xiamen City, South-east China were investigated and analyzed. Water quality and quantity measurements of rainfall runoff were conducted for ten rainfall events over the period March, 2008 to April, 2009. The results indicated that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) were the major pollutants with event mean concentrations of 56.09 and 0.44 mg·L . From hydrograph and pollutograph analysis of two typical rainfall events, it was clear that the peak rainfall preceded the peak flowrate by about 15–20 min. Meanwhile, concentrations of major pollutants showed multiple peaks and these peaks usually preceded peak flowrate. There were no distinctive first-flush effects except for the rainfall events with the longest rainfall duration and largest runoff volume, which was verified by the fact that the first 30% runoff volume (FF30) carried 39.36% of the total suspended solids (TSS) load, 35.17% of the COD load, 28.13% of the TP load and 39.03% of the nitrate nitrogen load. Multivariate regression analysis further demonstrated that the total runoff volume had a positive correlation with the FF30 of TSS and COD.

关键词： rainfall runoff     first flush     pollution characteristics     urban lawn catchment    

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Effects of heavy rainfall on the composition of airborne bacterial communities

Gwang Il Jang, Chung Yeon Hwang, Byung Cheol Cho

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1008-0

摘要： Wet deposition scavenges particles and particle-associated bacteria from the air column, but the impact of raindrops on various surfaces on Earth causes emission of surface-associated bacteria into the air column. Thus, after rainfall, these two mechanisms are expected to cause changes in airborne bacterial community composition (BCC). In this study, aerosol samples were collected at a suburban site in Seoul, Korea before and after three heavy rainfall events in April, May, and July 2011. BCC was investigated by pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA gene in aerosol samples. Interestingly, the relative abundance of non-spore forming operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was always higher in post-rain aerosol samples. In particular, the absolute and relative abundances of airborne always increased after rainfall, whereas those of airborne , including and , consistently decreased. Marine bacterial sequences, which were temporally important in aerosol samples, also decreased after rainfall events. Further, increases in pathogen-like sequences were often observed in post-rain air samples. Rainfall events seemed to affect airborne BCCs by the combined action of the two mechanisms, with potentially adverse effects on human and plant health.

关键词： Aerosol     Bacteria     Community composition     Pyrosequencing     Rain    

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Divergent Changes in Vegetation Greenness, Productivity, and Rainfall Use Efficiency Are Characteristic

Yang Yu,Ting Hua,Liding Chen,Zhiqiang Zhang,Paulo Pereira,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.012

摘要： Globally, vegetation has been changing dramatically. The vegetation–water dynamic is key to understanding ecosystem structure and functioning in water-limited ecosystems. Continual satellite monitoring has detected global vegetation greening. However, a greenness increase does not mean that ecosystem functions increase. The intricate interplays resulting from the relationships between vegetation and precipitation must be more adequately comprehended. In this study, satellite data, for example, leaf area index (LAI), net primary production (NPP) and rainfall use efficiency (RUE), were used to quantify vegetation dynamics and their relationship with rainfall in different reaches of the Yellow River Basin (YRB). A sequential regression method was used to detect trends of NPP sensitivity to rainfall. The results showed that 34.53% of the YRB exhibited a significant greening trend since 2000. Among them, 20.54%, 53.37%, and 16.73% of upper, middle, and lower reach areas showed a significant positive trend, respectively. NPP showed a similar trend to LAI in the YRB upper, middle, and lower reaches. A notable difference was noted in the distributions and trends of RUE across the upper, middle, and lower reaches. Moreover, there were significant trends in vegetation–rainfall sensitivity in 16.86% of the YRB’s middle reaches—14.08% showed negative trends and 2.78% positive trends. A total of 8.41% of the YRB exhibited a marked increase in LAI, NPP, and RUE. Subsequently, strategic locations reliant on the correlation between vegetation and rainfall were identified and designated for restoration planning purposes to propose future ecological restoration efforts. Our analysis indicates that the middle reach of the YRB exhibited the most significant variation in vegetation greenness and productivity. The present study underscores the significance of examining the correlation between vegetation and rainfall within the context of the high-quality development strategy of the YRB. The outcomes of our analysis and the proposed ecological restoration framework can provide decision-makers with valuable insights for executing rational basin pattern optimization and sustainable management.

关键词： Vegetation greenness     Vegetation productivity     Rainfall use efficiency     Sensitivity     Yellow River Basin    

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A three-dimensional two-level gradient smoothing meshfree method for rainfall induced landslide simulations

Dongdong WANG, Jiarui WANG, Junchao WU, Junjun DENG, Ming SUN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 337-352 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0467-5

摘要： A three-dimensional two-level gradient smoothing meshfree method is presented for rainfall induced landslide simulations. The two-level gradient smoothing for meshfree shape function is elaborated in the three-dimensional Lagrangian setting with detailed implementation procedure. It is shown that due to the successive gradient smoothing operation without the requirement of derivative computation in the present formulation, the two-level smoothed gradient of meshfree shape function is capable of achieving a given influence domain more efficiently than the standard gradient of meshfree shape function. Subsequently, the two-level smoothed gradient of meshfree shape function is employed to discretize the weak form of coupled rainfall seepage and soil motion equations in a nodal integration format, as provides an efficient three-dimensional regularized meshfree formulation for large deformation rainfall induced landslide simulations. The exponential damage and pressure dependent plasticity relationships are utilized to describe the failure evolution in landslides. The plastic response of soil is characterized by the true effective stress measure, which is updated according to the rotationally neutralized objective integration algorithm. The effectiveness of the present three-dimensional two-level gradient smoothing meshfree method is demonstrated through numerical examples.

关键词： meshfree method     landslide     rainfall     three-dimensional two-level gradient smoothing     nodal integration    

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mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures in a rainfall

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 161-170 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016104

摘要： Mulching and soil water content (SWC) have a significant impact on soil erosion, and this study investigated the effect of straw mulching on water infiltration and soil loss under different initial SWC treatments in a rainfall simulation experiment conducted in northern China. Increasing initial SWC can decrease soil infiltration and increase soil loss. During an 80 mm rainfall event (80 mm·h for 60 min), 8%, 12% and 16% initial SWC treatments decreased cumulative infiltration by 8.7%, 42.5% and 58.1%, and increased total sediment yield by 44, 146 and 315 g, respectively, compared to 4% initial SWC. However, in all the straw mulching treatments, there was no significant difference in stable infiltration rate between the different initial SWC treatments. For all initial SWC treatments, straw mulching of 30% or more significantly enhanced water infiltration by over 31% and reduced soil loss by over 49%, compared to the unmulched treatment. Taking into consideration the performance of no-till planters, a maize straw mulching rate of 30% to 60% (1400–3100 kg·hm ) is recommended for the conservation of water and soil in northern China.

关键词： infiltration     initial soil water content     rainfall simulation     soil loss     straw mulching    

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Particulate matter and metals partitioning in highway rainfall-runoff

Gaoxiang YING, John J. SANSALONE,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 35-46 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0009-4

摘要： This study investigated the particulate matter (PM) and metals in highway dry deposition and rainfall-runoff as a function of hydrologic transport and settling on an event basis. Events were differentiated as mass-limited (ML) and flow-limited (FL). Results indicate that unique and separate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) relationships with turbidity occurred for ML and FL events. Sixty minutes of quiescent settling produced a single SSC-turbidity relationship for all events. ML events transport higher proportions of settleable and sediment PM while FL events transported relatively higher suspended PM. For batch clarification with one hour of settling, ML events had generally higher treatment efficiencies compared to FL events for the same settling conditions. Highway dry deposition PM was hetero-disperse and coarse ( = 304 µm). Results indicate that the acidic rainfall is not a significant contributor to metals in runoff but is capable of leaching metals from dry deposition PM into runoff. Partitioning in retained runoff resulted in a particulate-bound €predominance €for €most €metals €except Ca and Mg. While the finer fraction of dry deposition PM (<75µm) generates the highest metal concentrations, the highest metal mass is associated with the coarser fraction (>75µm).

关键词： stormwater     particulate matter (PM)     turbidity     suspended sediment concentration (SSC)     unit operations     metals     dry deposition     acid rain    

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reticular blind drainage and vertical hierarchical drainage system for landfills located in areas with high rainfall

Wenjing LU,Zhonge FU,Yan ZHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 177-184 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0710-9

摘要： A novel water control technology that combines the features of a reticular blind drainage system and a vertical hierarchical drainage system is developed and applied in the Yanziyan Sanitary Landfill, which is located at an area (Loudi City, Hunan Province, China) with high rainfall and high groundwater level. The reticular blind drain system, which was installed on the bottom and side walls of the landfill site, can conveniently guide the flow of groundwater out of the site while preventing a disorganized flow of groundwater. The vertical hierarchical drainage system was installed to separate rainfall water and leachate in the landfill site, thus efficiently reducing the pressure of leachate treatment. The whole drainage system plays a key role in foundation stabilization by seepage control and separation and in the instant drainage of rainfall water. The leachate reduction efficiency of the drainage technology was calculated in terms of leachate production before (336519 m ) and after (29664 m ) technology application. Over 90% of leachate derived from rainfall water and groundwater inflow was avoided upon installation of the vertical hierarchical drainage and reticular blind drainage systems. The technology can thus be popularized and applied for water control in landfills located in areas with high rainfall and high groundwater level. The proposed technology can be used to alleviate the pressure of leachate treatment and to reduce the risk of instability.

关键词： landfill     reticular blind drain     vertical hierarchical drain     guidance and drainage     impermeable layer    

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Zero increase in peak discharge for sustainable development

Xing Fang, Junqi Li, Yongwei Gong, Xiaoning Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0935-5

摘要： For urban land development, some or all natural land uses (primarily pervious) are converted into impervious areas which lead to increases of runoff volume and peak discharge. Most of the developed countries require a zero increase in peak discharge for any land development, and the policy has been implemented for several decades. The policy of zero increase in peak discharge can be considered as historical and early stage for the low impact development (LID) and sustainable development, which is to maintain natural hydrological conditions by storing a part or all of additional runoff due to the development on site. The paper will discuss the policy, the policy implementation for individual projects and their impact on regional hydrology. The design rainfalls for sizing LID facilities that are determined in 206 weather stations in USA are smaller than design rainfalls for sizing detention basins. The zero-increase policy links to financial responsibility and sustainability for construction of urban stormwater infrastructures and for reducing urban flooding. The policy was compared with current practices of urban development in China to shine the light for solving urban stormwater problems. The connections and differences among LID practices, the zero-increase policy, and the flood control infrastructure were discussed. We promote and advocate the zero-increase policy on peak discharge for comprehensive stormwater management in China in addition to LID.

关键词： Stormwater management     Detention basin     Zero increase     Peak discharge     Sustainable development     Design rainfall    

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Modeling agricultural non-point source pollution in a high-precipitation coastal area of China

Zhiyi LI,Pengfei DU,Haiwei HUANG,Yong Ge,Xu LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 922-928 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0720-7

摘要： Non-point source (NPS) pollution simulation in the high-precipitation coastal areas of China is difficult because varying annual typhoon incidence leads to highly contrasting rainfall patterns in dry years and wet years. An IMPULSE (Integrated Model of Non-point Sources Pollution Processes) based NPS model of the Changtan Reservoir watershed, which is a typical high-precipitation coastal area in China, was established based on the analysis of point and NPS pollution data, a digital elevation model, and data on land-use, soil, meteorology, economy, and agricultural management practice. Pre-processed pre-rainfall soil moisture levels were introduced during the simulation to model the effects of typhoons on hydrology. Rainfall events were simulated sequentially through the year and the model was calibrated and verified using hydrological and water quality data. Accuracy of the simulated rainfall runoff and water quality in the Changtan watershed was found to be acceptable. The study showed that the NPS modeling system could be applied to the simulation and prediction of NPS loadings in the Changtan Reservoir watershed.

关键词： Changtan Reservoir watershed     non-point source pollution modeling     pre-rainfall soil moisture     model calibration    

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非饱和土坡危险含水量分析

张士林,王冬梅,李根华

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第5期   页码 71-75

摘要：

介绍了由于雨水入渗，使非饱和土坡的含水量发生变化，而含水量正是与基质吸力有着直接的联系；同时通过分析条件水压力和非饱和土的容重与含水量的变化规律，得到基质吸力、饱和度、非饱和土容重与整个土坡的稳定性规律，也就是安全系数与含水量分布的规律。得出当土坡处于危险状况下的含水量分布，即当土坡中的含水量达到危险含水量时，土坡处于危险状态。因此，通过监测土坡的含水量的变化，获得土坡的稳定信息，为生产和安全提供保障。

关键词： 非饱和土     稳定性分析     降雨入渗     体积含水量     基质吸力    

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水文模型模糊多目标SCE－UA参数优选方法研究

李向阳,程春田,武新宇,林剑艺

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第3期   页码 52-57

摘要：

在SCE－UA算法的基础上，结合Pareto排序和模糊多目标优选的优点，提出了水文模型模糊多目标 SCE－UA（FMOSCE－UA）参数率定方法。目标函数综合考虑了洪峰流量、水量平衡、峰现时间以及流量过程均 方差等水文过程的不同要素，使得优选的参数更能反映流域水文特征。双牌水库实例研究结果表明FMOSCE－ UA优于标准SCE－UA算法，优选参数完全可以用于实际洪水预报。

关键词： 水文模型     参数率定     多目标模糊优选     SCE-UA    

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Evaluation of SWAT sub-daily runoff estimation at small agricultural watershed in Korea

Ganga Ram Maharjan, Youn Shik Park, Nam Won Kim, Dong Seok Shin, Jae Wan Choi, Geun Woo Hyun, Ji-Hong Jeon, Yong Sik Ok, Kyoung Jae Lim

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 109-119 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0418-7

摘要： A study was undertaken for the prediction of runoff flow from 0.8 ha field-sized agricultural watershed in South Korea using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) sub-daily. The SWAT model with sub-daily configuration predicted flow from the watershed within the range of acceptable accuracy. The SWAT sub-daily simulations were carried out for a total of 18 rainfall events, 9 each for calibration and validation. Overall trend and extent of matching simulated flow for the rainfall events in 2007-2008 with measured data during the calibration process were coefficient of determination ( ) value of 0.88 and Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency ( ) value of 0.88. For validation, and values were 0.9 and 0.84, respectively. Whereas and values for simulation results using daily rainfall data were 0.79 and -0.01, respectively, that were observed to be out of acceptable limits for the model simulation. The importance of higher time resolution (hourly) precipitation records for flow simulation were evaluated by comparing and with 15 min, 2 h, 6 h and 12 h precipitation data, which resulted in lower statistics with increases in time resolution of precipitation data. The SWAT sub-daily sensitivity analysis was performed with the consideration of hydraulic parameter and was found as in the rank order of CN2 (curve number), ESCO (soil evaporation compensation factor), GW_DELAY (ground water delay time), ALPHA_BF ( base flow alpha factor), GWQMN ( a threshold minimum depth of water in the shallow aquifer required for return flow to occur) , REVAPMN (minimum depth of water in shallow aquifer for re-evaporation to occur) , LAT_TIME (lateral flow travel time) respectively. These sensitive parameters were evaluated at 10% higher and lower values of the parameters, corresponding to 70.5% higher and 23.2% lower in simulated flow out from the SWAT model. From the results obtained in this study, hourly precipitation record for SWAT sub-daily with Green-Ampt infiltration method was proven to be efficient for runoff estimation at field sized watershed with higher accuracies that could be efficiently used to develop site-specific Best Management Practices (BMPs) considering rainfall intensity, rather than simply using daily rainfall data.

关键词： Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)     sub-daily simulation     runoff     rainfall    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

ENHANCING RAINFALL-RUNOFF POLLUTION MODELING BY INCORPORATION OF NEGLECTED PHYSICAL PROCESSES

期刊论文

Probabilistic stability analysis of Bazimen landslide with monitored rainfall data and water level fluctuations

Wengang ZHANG, Libin TANG, Hongrui LI, Lin WANG, Longfei CHENG, Tingqiang ZHOU, Xiang CHEN

期刊论文

基于图像的深度学习降雨强度估计方法

尹航, 郑飞飞, 段焕丰, Dragan Savic, Zoran Kapelan

期刊论文

Analysis of rainfall runoff characteristics from a subtropical urban lawn catchment in South-east China

Jinliang HUANG, Zhenshun TU, Pengfei DU, Qingsheng LI, Jie LIN

期刊论文

Effects of heavy rainfall on the composition of airborne bacterial communities

Gwang Il Jang, Chung Yeon Hwang, Byung Cheol Cho

期刊论文

Divergent Changes in Vegetation Greenness, Productivity, and Rainfall Use Efficiency Are Characteristic

Yang Yu,Ting Hua,Liding Chen,Zhiqiang Zhang,Paulo Pereira,

期刊论文

A three-dimensional two-level gradient smoothing meshfree method for rainfall induced landslide simulations

Dongdong WANG, Jiarui WANG, Junchao WU, Junjun DENG, Ming SUN

期刊论文

mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures in a rainfall

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

期刊论文

Particulate matter and metals partitioning in highway rainfall-runoff

Gaoxiang YING, John J. SANSALONE,

期刊论文

reticular blind drainage and vertical hierarchical drainage system for landfills located in areas with high rainfall

Wenjing LU,Zhonge FU,Yan ZHAO

期刊论文

Zero increase in peak discharge for sustainable development

Xing Fang, Junqi Li, Yongwei Gong, Xiaoning Li

期刊论文

Modeling agricultural non-point source pollution in a high-precipitation coastal area of China

Zhiyi LI,Pengfei DU,Haiwei HUANG,Yong Ge,Xu LI

期刊论文

非饱和土坡危险含水量分析

张士林,王冬梅,李根华

期刊论文

水文模型模糊多目标SCE－UA参数优选方法研究

李向阳,程春田,武新宇,林剑艺

期刊论文

Evaluation of SWAT sub-daily runoff estimation at small agricultural watershed in Korea

Ganga Ram Maharjan, Youn Shik Park, Nam Won Kim, Dong Seok Shin, Jae Wan Choi, Geun Woo Hyun, Ji-Hong Jeon, Yong Sik Ok, Kyoung Jae Lim

期刊论文