[ 1 ] Masliyah JH, Czarnecki J, Xu Z. Handbook on theory and practice on bitumen recovery from Athabasca oil sands. Menlyn: Kingsley Publishing Services; 2011. link1

[ 2 ] Masliyah J, Zhou ZJ, Xu Z, Czarnecki J, Hamza H. Understanding water-based bitumen extraction from Athabasca oil sands. Can J Chem Eng 2004;82 (4):628–54. link1

[ 3 ] Butler RM. Steam-assisted gravity drainage: concept, development, performance and future. J Can Pet Technol 1994;33(2):44–50. link1

[ 4 ] Pushkarova RA, Horn RG. Surface forces measured between an air bubble and a solid surface in water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005;261(1– 3):147–52. link1

[ 5 ] Tabor D, Winterton RHS. The direct measurement of normal and retarded van der Waals forces. Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Sci 1969;312(1511):435–50. link1

[ 6 ] Israelachvili JN, Tabor D. The measurement of van der Waals dispersion forces in the range 1.5 to 130 nm. Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Sci 1972;331 (1584):19–38. link1

[ 7 ] Israelachvili JN, Adams GE. Direct measurement of long range forces between two mica surfaces in aqueous KNO3 solutions. Nature 1976;262(5571):774–6. link1

[ 8 ] Israelachvili J, Min Y, Akbulut M, Alig A, Carver G, Greene W, et al. Recent advances in the surface forces apparatus (SFA) technique. Rep Prog Phys 2010;73(3):036601. link1

[ 9 ] Binnig G, Quate CF, Gerber C. Atomic force microscope. Phys Rev Lett 1986;56 (9):930–3. link1

[10] Ashkin A. Acceleration and trapping of particles by radiation pressure. Phys Rev Lett 1970;24(4):156–9. link1

[11] Ashkin A, Dziedzic JM, Bjorkholm JE, Chu S. Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles. Opt Lett 1986;11(5):288–90. link1

[12] Derjaguin B, Rabinovich YI, Churaev N. Direct measurement of molecular forces. Nature 1978;272(5651):313–8. link1

[13] Butt HJ, Jaschke M, Ducker W. Measuring surface forces in aqueous electrolyte solution with the atomic force microscope. Bioelectrochem Bioenergy 1995;38 (1):191–201. link1

[14] Zhang L, Shi C, Lu Q, Liu Q, Zeng H. Probing molecular interactions of asphaltenes in heptol using a surface forces apparatus: implications on stability of water-in-oil emulsions. Langmuir 2016;32(19):4886–95. link1

[15] Shi C, Zhang L, Xie L, Lu X, Liu Q, He J, et al. Surface interaction of water-in-oil emulsion droplets with interfacially active asphaltenes. Langmuir 2017;33 (5):1265–74. link1

[16] Liu J, Cui X, Huang J, Xie L, Tan X, Liu Q, et al. Understanding the stabilization mechanism of bitumen-coated fine solids in organic media from non-aqueous extraction of oil sands. Fuel 2019;242:255–64. link1

[17] Gong L, Zhang L, Xiang L, Zhang J, Fattahpour V, Mamoudi M, et al. Surface interactions between water-in-oil emulsions with asphaltenes and electroless nickel–phosphorus coating. Langmuir 2020;36(4):897–905. link1

[18] Shi C, Xie L, Zhang L, Lu X, Zeng H. Probing the interaction mechanism between oil droplets with asphaltenes and solid surfaces using AFM. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020;558:173–81. link1

[19] Xie L, Shi C, Cui X, Huang J, Wang J, Liu Q, et al. Probing the interaction mechanism between air bubbles and bitumen surfaces in aqueous media using bubble probe atomic force microscopy. Langmuir 2018;34(3):729–38. link1

[20] Liu J, Xu Z, Masliyah J. Studies on bitumen–silica interaction in aqueous solutions by atomic force microscopy. Langmuir 2003;19(9):3911–20. link1

[21] Kegler K, Salomo M, Kremer F. Forces of interaction between DNA-grafted colloids: an optical tweezer measurement. Phys Rev Lett 2007;98(5):058304. link1

[22] He L, Lin F, Li X, Sui H, Xu Z. Interfacial sciences in unconventional petroleum production: from fundamentals to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015;44 (15):5446–94. link1

[23] Drummond C, Israelachvili J. Fundamental studies of crude oil–surface water interactions and its relationship to reservoir wettability. J Petrol Sci Eng 2004;45(1–2):61–81. link1

[24] Christenson HK, Israelachvili JN. Direct measurements of interactions and viscosity of crude oils in thin films between model clay surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 1987;119(1):194–202. link1

[25] Chen SY, Kaufman Y, Kristiansen K, Seo D, Schrader AM, Alotaibi MB, et al. Effects of salinity on oil recovery (the ‘‘dilution effect”): experimental and theoretical studies of crude oil/brine/carbonate surface restructuring and associated physicochemical interactions. Energy Fuels 2017;31(9): 8925–41. link1

[26] Natarajan A, Xie J, Wang S, Liu Q, Masliyah J, Zeng H, et al. Understanding molecular interactions of asphaltenes in organic solvents using a surface force apparatus. J Phys Chem C 2011;115(32):16043–51. link1

[27] Zhang J, Zeng H. Intermolecular and surface interactions in engineering processes. Engineering 2020;7(1):63–83. link1

[28] Schäffer E, Nørrelykke SF, Howard J. Surface forces and drag coefficients of microspheres near a plane surface measured with optical tweezers. Langmuir 2007;23(7):3654–65. link1

[29] Lu Q, Wang J, Faghihnejad A, Zeng H, Liu Y. Understanding the molecular interactions of lipopolysaccharides during E. coli initial adhesion with a surface forces apparatus. Soft Matter 2011;7(19):9366–79. link1

[30] Butt HJ, Cappella B, Kappl M. Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: technique, interpretation and applications. Surf Sci Rep 2005;59 (1–6):1–152. link1

[31] Israelachvili JN. Measurement of forces between surfaces immersed in electrolyte solutions. Faraday Discuss Chem Soc 1978;65:20–4. link1

[32] Israelachvili J, Pashley R. The hydrophobic interaction is long range, decaying exponentially with distance. Nature 1982;300(5890):341–2. link1

[33] Zhang J, Xiang L, Yan B, Zeng H. Nanomechanics of anion—P interaction in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 2020;142(4):1710–4. link1

[34] Lu Q, Oh DX, Lee Y, Jho Y, Hwang DS, Zeng H. Nanomechanics of cation–p interactions in aqueous solution. Angew Chem 2013;125(14):4036–40. link1

[35] Zhang L, Xie L, Shi C, Huang J, Liu Q, Zeng H. Mechanistic understanding of asphaltene surface interactions in aqueous media. Energy Fuels 2017;31 (4):3348–57. link1

[36] Faghihnejad A, Zeng H. Hydrophobic interactions between polymer surfaces: using polystyrene as a model system. Soft Matter 2012;8(9):2746–59. link1

[37] Xiang Li, Gong Lu, Zhang J, Zhang L, Hu W, Wang W, et al. Probing molecular interactions of PEGylated chitosan in aqueous solutions using a surface force apparatus. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019;21(37):20571–81. link1

[38] Israelachvili JN. Thin film studies using multiple-beam interferometry. J Colloid Interface Sci 1973;44(2):259–72. link1

[39] Drake B, Prater CB, Weisenhorn AL, Gould SAC, Albrecht TR, Quate CF, et al. Imaging crystals, polymers, and processes in water with the atomic force microscope. Science 1989;243(4898):1586–9. link1

[40] Zeng H. Polymer adhesion, friction, and lubrication. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2013. link1

[41] Akamine S, Barrett RC, Quate CF. Improved atomic force microscope images using microcantilevers with sharp tips. Appl Phys Lett 1990;57 (3):316–8. link1

[42] Yang D, Xie L, Mao X, Gong Lu, Peng X, Peng Q, et al. Probing hydrophobic interactions between polymer surfaces and air bubbles or oil droplets: effects of molecular weight and surfactants. Langmuir 2022;38(17): 5257–68. link1

[43] Cui X, Liu J, Xie L, Huang J, Liu Q, Israelachvili JN, et al. Modulation of hydrophobic interaction by mediating surface nanoscale structure and chemistry, not monotonically by hydrophobicity. Angew Chem 2018;130 (37):12079–84. link1

[44] Cui X, Shi C, Zhang S, Xie L, Liu J, Jiang D, et al. Probing the effect of salinity and ph on surface interactions between air bubbles and hydrophobic solids: implications for colloidal assembly at air/water interfaces. Chem Asian J 2017;12(13):1568–77. link1

[45] Gong Lu, Wang J, Zhang L, Fattahpour V, Mamoudi M, Roostaei M, et al. Fouling mechanisms of asphaltenes and fine solids on bare and electroless nickelphosphorus coated carbon steel. Fuel 2019;252:188–99. link1

[46] Gong L, Qiu X, Zhang L, Huang J, Hu W, Xiang L, et al. Probing the interaction mechanism between oil-in-water emulsions and electroless nickel– phosphorus coating with implications for antifouling in oil production. Energy Fuels 2019;33(5):3764–75. link1

[47] Liu J, Cui X, Xie L, Huang J, Zhang L, Liu J, et al. Probing effects of molecularlevel heterogeneity of surface hydrophobicity on hydrophobic interactions in air/water/solid systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019;557:438–49. link1

[48] Shi C, Chan DYC, Liu Q, Zeng H. Probing the hydrophobic interaction between air bubbles and partially hydrophobic surfaces using atomic force microscopy. J Phys Chem C 2014;118(43):25000–8. link1

[49] Xie L, Shi C, Wang J, Huang J, Lu Q, Liu Q, et al. Probing the interaction between air bubble and sphalerite mineral surface using atomic force microscope. Langmuir 2015;31(8):2438–46. link1

[50] Shi C, Cui X, Xie L, Liu Q, Chan DYC, Israelachvili JN, et al. Measuring forces and spatiotemporal evolution of thin water films between an air bubble and solid surfaces of different hydrophobicity. ACS Nano 2015;9(1):95–104. link1

[51] Qiao C, Yang D, Mao X, Xie L, Gong L, Peng X, et al. Recent advances in bubblebased technologies: underlying interaction mechanisms and applications. Appl Phys Rev 2021;8(1):011315. link1

[52] Ducker WA, Senden TJ, Pashley RM. Direct measurement of colloidal forces using an atomic force microscope. Nature 1991;353(6341):239–41. link1

[53] Ducker WA, Xu Z, Israelachvili JN. Measurements of hydrophobic and DLVO forces in bubble-surface interactions in aqueous solutions. Langmuir 1994;10 (9):3279–89. link1

[54] Butt HJ. Measuring electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydration forces in electrolyte solutions with an atomic force microscope. Biophys J 1991;60 (6):1438–44. link1

[55] Israelachvili JN. Intermolecular and surface forces. 3rd ed. New York City: Academic Press; 2011. link1

[56] Ivanov IB, Dimitrov DS, Somasundaran P, Jain RK. Thinning of films with deformable surfaces: diffusion-controlled surfactant transfer. Chem Eng Sci 1985;40(1):137–50. link1

[57] Stevens H, Considine RF, Drummond CJ, Hayes RA, Attard P. Effects of degassing on the long-range attractive force between hydrophobic surfaces in water. Langmuir 2005;21(14):6399–405. link1

[58] Manica R, Klaseboer E, Chan DYC. Dynamic interactions between drops—a critical assessment. Soft Matter 2008;4(8):1613–6. link1

[59] Manica R, Chan DYC. Drainage of the air–water–quartz film: experiments and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011;13(4):1434–9. link1

[60] Manor O, Vakarelski IU, Tang X, O’Shea SJ, Stevens GW, Grieser F, et al. Hydrodynamic boundary conditions and dynamic forces between bubbles and surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2008;101(2):024501. link1

[61] Manor O, Vakarelski IU, Stevens GW, Grieser F, Dagastine RR, Chan DYC. Dynamic forces between bubbles and surfaces and hydrodynamic boundary conditions. Langmuir 2008;24(20):11533–43. link1

[62] Chan DYC, Klaseboer E, Manica R. Film drainage and coalescence between deformable drops and bubbles. Soft Matter 2011;7(6):2235–64. link1

[63] Liu J, Xu Z, Masliyah J. Colloidal forces between bitumen surfaces in aqueous solutions measured with atomic force microscope. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005;260(1–3):217–28. link1

[64] Shi C, Zhang L, Xie L, Lu X, Liu Q, Mantilla CA, et al. Interaction mechanism of oil-in-water emulsions with asphaltenes determined using droplet probe AFM. Langmuir 2016;32(10):2302–10. link1

[65] Xie L, Lu Q, Tan X, Liu Q, Tang T, Zeng H. Interfacial behavior and interaction mechanism of pentol/water interface stabilized with asphaltenes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019;553:341–9. link1

[66] Cui X, Shi C, Xie L, Liu J, Zeng H. Probing interactions between air bubble and hydrophobic polymer surface: impact of solution salinity and interfacial nanobubbles. Langmuir 2016;32(43):11236–44. link1

[67] Qiao C, Wang D, Zhao Z, Yang W, Wu F, Chen H, et al. Bench-scale oil fouling/ antifouling tests under high temperature and high pressure conditions and the underlying interfacial interaction mechanisms. Fuel 2022;314:122720. link1

[68] Pan M, Gong L, Xiang L, Yang W, Wang W, Zhang L, et al. Modulating surface interactions for regenerable separation of oil-in-water emulsions. J Membr Sci 2021;625:119140. link1