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Sudden death due to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: Two case reports

CHEN Xinshan, ZHANG Yigu, RAO Guangxun, HUANG Guangzhao

Frontiers of Medicine 2007, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 338-342 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0065-8

Abstract: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a kind of primary myocardial disease characterized by the regional or global replacement of right ventricular myocardium by fatty and fibrolipomatous tissues. The ARVC, usually presenting with different clinical manifestations and pathological changes, were mainly seen in young men and is one of the main causes of sudden death in the young. Here two autopsied cases of Chinese men aged 30 and 23 years old who appeared healthy but died suddenly while at work are reported respectively. One of the victims had extensive and severe pathological changes in his heart involving the left ventricular wall as well as the ventricular septum and the right atrium. Not only was there a global fatty and fibrolipomatous tissue replacement of the right ventricular myocardia, but also mild sarcoplasmic coagulation in the myocardium and focal lymphocytic infiltration in the myocardial interstitium of the right ventricular wall. In addition, slight atherosclerosis of the coronary artery and intimal thickening of the sino-atrial node were observed. It is believed that there are no marked differences in the pathological changes of ARVC between Chinese patients and patients from western countries. The etiology and pathogenesis of ARVC could not be explained by a single cause or factor and they are probably related to various congenital and acquired causes or factors.

Keywords： sarcoplasmic coagulation     acquired     ventricular myocardium     sino-atrial     autopsied    

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Shallow foundation response variability due to soil and model parameter uncertainty

Prishati RAYCHOWDHURY,Sumit JINDAL

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 237-251 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0242-1

Abstract: Geotechnical uncertainties may play crucial role in response prediction of a structure with substantial soil-foundation-structure-interaction (SFSI) effects. Since the behavior of a soil-foundation system may significantly alter the response of the structure supported by it, and consequently several design decisions, it is extremely important to identify and characterize the relevant parameters. Moreover, the modeling approach and the parameters required for the modeling are also critically important for the response prediction. The present work intends to investigate the effect of soil and model parameter uncertainty on the response of shallow foundation-structure systems resting on dry dense sand. The SFSI is modeled using a beam-on-nonlinear-winkler-foundation (BNWF) concept, where soil beneath the foundation is assumed to be an assembly of discrete, nonlinear elements composed of springs, dashpots and gap elements. The sensitivity of both soil and model input parameters on shallow foundation responses are investigated using first-order second-moment (FOSM) analysis and Monte Carlo simulation through Latin hypercube sampling technique. It has been observed that the degree of accuracy in predicting the responses of the shallow foundation is highly sensitive soil parameters, such as friction angle, Poisson’s ratio and shear modulus, rather than model parameters, such as stiffness intensity ratio and spring spacing; indicating the importance of proper characterization of soil parameters for reliable soil-foundation response analysis.

Keywords： shallow foun dation     sensitivity analysis     centrifuge data     first-order-second-moment (FOSM) method     parameter uncertainty    

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Factors affecting photocatalytic performance through the evolution of the properties due to the phase

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3,   Pages 471-482 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0778-4

Abstract: The phase transition process of a photocatalytic system from NaBiO3·2H2O to BiO2–x has been investigated to understand the important factors that affect photocatalytic performance in a composite system. It is found that a proper amount of BiO2–x on the surface of NaBiO3·2H2O could effectively suppress the electron/hole recombination and increase the exposed reactive sites for photocatalytic reaction. A fully covered BiO2–x on NaBiO3·2H2O results in a dramatical decrease of photocatalytic degradation of dye. An over long hydrothermal process can result in BiO2–x with reduced oxygen vacancies, which degrades the photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reduction ability of CO2 conversion has been investigated, indicating that the surface activity to different reactants also directly affects the catalytic performance. The investigation of the gradient phase transition process presents a clear guidance to construct a desired photocatalytic system, in addition to selecting gradient materials with suitable bandgap structure and a morphology with different fraction and distribution of each component. The defect evolution of each component during construction of a composite is also an important factor that should be optimized and considered in making a composite to achieve high photocatalytic efficiency.

Keywords： composite construction     distribution     BiO2–x     evolution of defects    

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Image analysis of soil failure on defective underground pipe due to cyclic water supply and drainage

Toshifumi MUKUNOKI, Naoko KUMANO, Jun OTANI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 85-100 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0159-5

Abstract: The ground subsidence on the underground pipe often is caused with the reduction of the effective stress and the loss of suction in the base course and then, soil drainage into the pipe. The final formation of the cavity growth in the ground was observed as the ground subsidence. Authors focused this problem and hence performed model tests with water-inflow and drainage cycle in the model ground. The mechanism of cavity generation in the model ground was observed using an X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanner. In those studies, water was supplied into the model grounds from the defected underground pipe model in case of the change of relative density and grain size distribution. As results, it was observed that the loosening area was generated from the defected part with water-inflow and some of the soil particles in the ground were drained into the underground pipe through the defected part. And afterward, the cavity was generated just above the defected part of the model pipe in the ground. Based on this observation, it might be said that the bulk density of soil around the defected pipe played one of key factor to generate the cavity in the ground. Moreover, the dimension of the defected part should be related to the magnification of the ground subsidence, in particular, crack width on a sewerage pipe and particle size would be the quantitative factor to evaluate the magnification of the ground subsidence. ?In this paper, it was concluded that the low relative density of soil would become the critical factor to cause the fatal failure of model ground if the maximum grain size was close to the dimension of crack width of defective part. The fatal collapse of the ground with high relative density more than 80% would be avoided in a few cycles of water inflow and soil drainage.

Keywords： relative density     grain property     model test     road subsidence     underground pipe     image processing     X-ray CT    

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Improved prediction of pile bending moment and deflection due to adjacent braced excavation

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0961-2

Abstract: Deep excavations in dense urban areas have caused damage to nearby existing structures in numerous past construction cases. Proper assessment is crucial in the initial design stages. This study develops equations to predict the existing pile bending moment and deflection produced by adjacent braced excavations. Influential parameters (i.e., the excavation geometry, diaphragm wall thickness, pile geometry, strength and small-strain stiffness of the soil, and soft clay thickness) were considered and employed in the developed equations. It is practically unfeasible to obtain measurement data; hence, artificial data for the bending moment and deflection of existing piles were produced from well-calibrated numerical analyses of hypothetical cases, using the three-dimensional finite element method. The developed equations were established through a multiple linear regression analysis of the artificial data, using the transformation technique. In addition, the three-dimensional nature of the excavation work was characterized by considering the excavation corner effect, using the plane strain ratio parameter. The estimation results of the developed equations can provide satisfactory pile bending moment and deflection data and are more accurate than those found in previous studies.

Keywords： pile responses     excavation     prediction     deflection     bending moments    

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Numerical simulation of damage in high arch dam due to earthquake

Hong ZHONG , Gao LIN , Hongjun LI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3,   Pages 316-322 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0039-9

Abstract: Based on the assumption that concrete is macroscopic homogeneous, the cracking evolution process and damage mode of high arch dams are studied in consideration of the heterogeneity of concrete in mesoscale. The bilinear damage evolution model and the damage evolution model expressed in power function with descending section are adopted to combine with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion to investigate the crack development and fracture mode of high arch dams under the action of an earthquake. The analysis result of a high arch dam in China under design shows that cracks that take place in concrete are caused by excessive tensile stress. The cracks initiate at the middle of the dam top and distribute at the upper half of the dam while the rest of the parts remain intact. This conclusion agrees with the model test result.

Keywords： mesoscopic heterogeneity     damage simulation in earthquakes     arch dam    

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Projections of heat-related excess mortality in China due to climate change, population and aging

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1732-y

Abstract:

● Four scenarios were used to project heat-related excess mortality in China.

Keywords： Heat-related excess mortality     LMDI     Aging     YLL     VSLY    

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compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics multi-phase model to non-cohesive embankment breaching due

Rasoul MEMARZADEH, Gholamabbas BARANI, Mahnaz GHAEINI-HESSAROEYEH

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 412-424 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0432-8

Abstract: considers a powerful two-part technique; when the sediment phase has rigid behavior, only the force term due

Keywords： WCSPH method     non-cohesive sediment transport     rheological model     two-part technique     two-phase dam break    

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Mechanical responses of multi-layered ground due to shallow tunneling with arbitrary ground surface load

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 5,   Pages 745-762 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0935-4

Abstract: An analytical model based on complex variable theory is proposed to investigate ground responses due

Keywords： analytical model     mechanical response     multi-layered ground     shallow tunneling     ground surface load     complex variable solution    

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Simulation of soil carbon changes due to land use change in urban areas in China

Cui HAO, Jo SMITH, Jiahua ZHANG, Weiqing MENG, Hongyuan LI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 255-266 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0485-4

Abstract: Due to rapid urbanization, large areas of land have been paved, and other areas have undergone rapidThe soil carbon dynamics, due to rapid land use change in Tianjin Binhai New Area of China, have beenAcross the whole area simulated, the total carbon stocks in 2010 had decreased due to land use change21.9% is expected according to the 2050 plan for land use and the continuing losses from the soils due

Keywords： land use change     soil carbon     RothC     urban area    

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Power fluctuation and power loss of wind turbines due to wind shear and tower shadow

Binrong WEN, Sha WEI, Kexiang WEI, Wenxian YANG, Zhike PENG, Fulei CHU

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 321-332 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0434-1

Abstract: Power fluctuation and power loss due to wind shear and tower shadow are analyzed by performing theoreticalestimation and strategy development to mitigate the fluctuations in aerodynamic loads and power output due

Keywords： wind turbine     wind shear     tower shadow     power fluctuation     power loss    

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Long-term settlement behavior of ground around shield tunnel due to leakage of water in soft deposit

Huaina WU, Yeshuang XU, Shui-long SHEN, Jin-chun CHAI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 194-198 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0105-y

Abstract: The lining of shield tunnel is usually composed of segments, in which the joints, cracks, and the grouting holes (hereafter called lining deficit) exist. During the long-term running, soils and groundwater may leak from these kinds of lining deficit. The leaking of soil and groundwater causes the long-term ground loss around tunnel and thus results in the settlement of ground surface. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the leakage of groundwater through segments on the long-term settlement of ground surface. The adopted analytical method is based on the theory of groundwater seepage by using numerical simulation. The analyzed results show that settlement of ground surface increases gradually with the increase of the leaked volume of tunnel segments. When the leaked volume was unevenly distributed, differential settlement occurred locally. Comparative analysis by changing the leaked volume was conducted. The results reveal that there is a linear relationship between settlement and leaked volume when the leaked volume was controlled within the allowable limit.

Keywords： lining deficit     leakage of water     shield tunnel     settlement     soft deposit    

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Assessing the premature death due to ambient particulate matter in China’s urban areas from 2004 to 2013

Guoxia MA, Jinnan WANG, Fang YU, Xiaomin GUO, Yanshen ZHANG, Chao LI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0849-7

Abstract: The number of annual premature deaths attributable to China’s air pollution ranged from 350000 to 520000 from 2004 to 2013, while the figure in 2013 reached 9.9% of total deaths in China. In 2004, the life expectancy potential years of life lost was 69.6 and 1.85 years respectively in contrast to 74.4 and 0.67 years respectively in 2013. The number of PYLL attributable to air pollution in the northern regions is found to be larger than that of the southern regions. The Environmental Burden of Disease (EBD) approach for outdoor air pollution has been used to calculate premature deaths and average potential years of life lost attributable to air pollution in China over the past 10 years with differences between the North and the South of the country being analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) Between 2004 and 2013, annual premature deaths attributable to outdoor air pollution in China ranged from 350000 to 520000. In 2013, deaths resulting from air pollution in China represented 9.9% of the country’s total deaths. (2) In 2004, the average life expectancy of the Chinese population and the number of potential years of life lost (PYLL) attributable to air pollution was 69.6 and 1.85 years respectively as compared to 74.4 and 0.67 years respectively in 2013. (3) The number of the PYLL attributable to air pollution in the northern regions of China is found to be larger than that of the southern regions. The PYLL figures of the northern and southern regions in 2004 were 2.3 and 1.8 years, respectively, with a difference of 0.5 years, as compared to 1.4 and 0.7 years respectively with a difference of 0.7 years in 2013.

Keywords： Air pollution     Public health     Premature deaths     Health assessment    

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Ground movements due to deep excavations in Shanghai: Design charts

Malcolm D. BOLTON,Sze-Yue LAM,Paul J. VARDANEGA,Charles W. W. NG,Xianfeng MA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 201-236 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0253-y

Abstract: Recent research has clarified the sequence of ground deformation mechanisms that manifest themselves when excavations are made in soft ground. Furthermore, a new framework to describe the deformability of clays in the working stress range has been devised using a large database of previously published soil tests. This paper aims to capitalize on these advances, by analyzing an expanded database of ground movements associated with braced excavations in Shanghai. It is shown that conventional design charts fail to take account either of the characteristics of soil deformability or the relevant deformation mechanisms, and therefore introduce significant scatter. A new method of presentation is found which provides a set of design charts that clarify the influence of soil deformability, wall stiffness, and the geometry of the excavation in relation to the depth of soft ground.

Keywords： Shanghai     excavations     mobilizable strength design     dimensionless groups     design charts    

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An end-to-end 3d seismic simulation of underground structures due to point dislocation source by using

Zhenning BA; Jisai FU; Zhihui ZHU; Hao ZHONG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 12,   Pages 1515-1529 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0887-0

Abstract: Based on the domain reduction idea and artificial boundary substructure method, this paper proposes an FK-FEM hybrid approach by integrating the advantages of FK and FEM (i.e., FK can efficiently generate high-frequency three translational motion, while FEM has rich elements types and constitutive models). An advantage of this approach is that it realizes the entire process simulation from point dislocation source to underground structure. Compared with the plane wave field input method, the FK-FEM hybrid approach can reflect the spatial variability of seismic motion and the influence of source and propagation path. This approach can provide an effective solution for seismic analysis of underground structures under scenario of earthquake in regions where strong earthquakes may occur but are not recorded, especially when active faults, crustal, and soil parameters are available. Taking Daikai subway station as an example, the seismic response of the underground structure is simulated after verifying the correctness of the approach and the effects of crustal velocity structure and source parameters on the seismic response of Daikai station are discussed. In this example, the influence of velocity structure on the maximum interlayer displacement angle of underground structure is 96.5% and the change of source parameters can lead to the change of structural failure direction.

Keywords： source-to-structure simulation     FK-FEM hybrid approach     underground structures     point dislocation source    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Sudden death due to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: Two case reports

CHEN Xinshan, ZHANG Yigu, RAO Guangxun, HUANG Guangzhao

Journal Article

Shallow foundation response variability due to soil and model parameter uncertainty

Prishati RAYCHOWDHURY,Sumit JINDAL

Journal Article

Factors affecting photocatalytic performance through the evolution of the properties due to the phase

Journal Article

Image analysis of soil failure on defective underground pipe due to cyclic water supply and drainage

Toshifumi MUKUNOKI, Naoko KUMANO, Jun OTANI

Journal Article

Improved prediction of pile bending moment and deflection due to adjacent braced excavation

Journal Article

Numerical simulation of damage in high arch dam due to earthquake

Hong ZHONG , Gao LIN , Hongjun LI

Journal Article

Projections of heat-related excess mortality in China due to climate change, population and aging

Journal Article

compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics multi-phase model to non-cohesive embankment breaching due

Rasoul MEMARZADEH, Gholamabbas BARANI, Mahnaz GHAEINI-HESSAROEYEH

Journal Article

Mechanical responses of multi-layered ground due to shallow tunneling with arbitrary ground surface load

Journal Article

Simulation of soil carbon changes due to land use change in urban areas in China

Cui HAO, Jo SMITH, Jiahua ZHANG, Weiqing MENG, Hongyuan LI

Journal Article

Power fluctuation and power loss of wind turbines due to wind shear and tower shadow

Binrong WEN, Sha WEI, Kexiang WEI, Wenxian YANG, Zhike PENG, Fulei CHU

Journal Article

Long-term settlement behavior of ground around shield tunnel due to leakage of water in soft deposit

Huaina WU, Yeshuang XU, Shui-long SHEN, Jin-chun CHAI

Journal Article

Assessing the premature death due to ambient particulate matter in China’s urban areas from 2004 to 2013

Guoxia MA, Jinnan WANG, Fang YU, Xiaomin GUO, Yanshen ZHANG, Chao LI

Journal Article

Ground movements due to deep excavations in Shanghai: Design charts

Malcolm D. BOLTON,Sze-Yue LAM,Paul J. VARDANEGA,Charles W. W. NG,Xianfeng MA

Journal Article

An end-to-end 3d seismic simulation of underground structures due to point dislocation source by using

Zhenning BA; Jisai FU; Zhihui ZHU; Hao ZHONG

Journal Article