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EXPLORING THE RECYCLING OF MANURE FROM URBAN LIVESTOCK FARMS: A CASE STUDY IN ETHIOPIA

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1,

Abstract:

• Livestock manure was the main organic waste in urban and peri-urban areas.

• Manure production will increase by a factor of 3–10 between 2015–2050.

• Only 13%–38% of excreted N by livestock will be recycled in croplands.

• Intensification of urban livestock production greatly increased N surpluses.

• Reducing population growth and increasing livestock productivity needed.

 

Urban population growth is driving the expansion of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in developing countries. UPA is providing nutritious food to residents but the manures produced by UPA livestock farms and other wastes are not properly recycled. This paper explores the effects of four scenarios: (1) a reference scenario (business as usual), (2) increased urbanization, (3) UPA intensification, and (4) improved technology, on food-protein self-sufficiency, manure nitrogen (N) recycling and balances for four different zones in a small city (Jimma) in Ethiopia during the period 2015-2050. An N mass flow model with data from farm surveys, field experiments and literature was used. A field experiment was conducted and N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values differed among the five types of composts derived from urban livestock manures and kitchen wastes. The N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values were used in the N mass flow model.

Livestock manures were the main organic wastes in urban areas, although only 20 to 40% of animal-sourced food consumed was produced in UPA, and only 14 to 19% of protein intake by residents was animal-based. Scenarios indicate that manure production in UPA will increase 3 to 10 times between 2015 and 2050, depending on urbanization and UPA intensification. Only 13 to 38% of manure N will be recycled in croplands. Farm-gate N balances of UPA livestock farms will increase to>1 t·ha−1 in 2050. Doubling livestock productivity and feed protein conversion to animal-sourced food will roughly halve manure N production.

Costs of waste recycling were high and indicate the need for government incentives. Results of these senarios are wake-up calls for all stakeholders and indicate alternative pathways.

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Not asthma, but GERD: case report

WANG Zhonggao

Frontiers of Medicine 2007, Volume 1, Issue 1,   Pages 115-119 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0022-6

Abstract: Therefore, such a case is reported in detail, similar cases are mentioned briefly as well, and a mechanism

Keywords： resistance     mechanism responsible     unappreciated     responsiveness     different    

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A case for assessing

Ian T. RILEY

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 568-582 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019270

Abstract: Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts— Mediterranean, semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production. The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change. Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems. Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casurinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress, and/or infertile to hostile soils. Central Anatolia, Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation. Therefore, species of and have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia. Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature, eight species were identified as being of high ( . and . ) to moderate ( . , . , . , . , . and . ) priority for assessment, with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.

Keywords： actinorrhizal trees     agroforestry     climate change     ecosystem restoration    

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Ecthyma gangrenosum of the scrotum: a case report

Wei Phin Tan,Benjamin A. Sherer,Jerome Hoeksema

Frontiers of Medicine 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 101-103 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0437-z

Abstract:

A 43-year-old man with pancytopenia from chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia developed left scrotal pain, fever, and rigors. Physical exam revealed an ulcerating lesion with central necrosis and eschar surrounded by a halo of erythema on the inferior aspect of the left scrotum. The condition indicated an early necrotizing soft tissue infection. The patient was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics and taken to the operating room for a wound debridement. Blood and tissue cultures grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which confirmed the diagnosis of ecthyma gangrenosum of the scrotum. The fever resolved, and the wound healed without further progression after wet to dry dressing changes.

Keywords： ecthyma gangrenosum     scrotum     genitalia    

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––Case of mining enterprises

Anlin SHAO

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2017, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 375-378 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017108

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Severe hepatoxicity caused by aspirin overdose: a case report

Zhuping Cao,Shiqi Liu,Jianhua Niu,Bing Wei,Jie Xu

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3,   Pages 388-391 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0398-7

Abstract:

We report here the rare case of a 61-year-old man with multiple organ dysfunction caused by an aspirin

Keywords： aspirin     side effects     liver failure    

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Identification of variants associated with sporadic thoracic aortic dissection: a case--control study

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 438-447 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0826-1

Abstract: Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) without familial clustering or syndromic features is known as sporadic TAD (STAD). So far, the genetic basis of STAD remains unknown. Whole exome sequencing was performed in 223 STAD patients and 414 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population (N = 637). After population structure and genetic relationship and ancestry analyses, we used the optimal sequence kernel association test to identify the candidate genes or variants of STAD. We found that COL3A1 was significantly relevant to STAD (P = 7.35 × 10−6) after 10 000 times permutation test (P = 2.49 × 10−3). Moreover, another independent cohort, including 423 cases and 734 non-STAD subjects (N = 1157), replicated our results (P = 0.021). Further bioinformatics analysis showed that COL3A1 was highly expressed in dissected aortic tissues, and its expression was related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) pathway. Our study identified a profile of known heritable TAD genes in the Chinese STAD population and found that COL3A1 could increase the risk of STAD through the ECM pathway. We wanted to expand the knowledge of the genetic basis and pathology of STAD, which may further help in providing better genetic counseling to the patients.

Keywords： sporadic thoracic aortic dissection     exome sequencing     gene COL3A1     case–control study     extracellular    

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A case of thymic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with diabetes insipidus as the first presentation

Xiaoyan Chen, Xiaochun Huang, Yuan Qiu, Hanzhang Chen, Yingyu Fu, Xinchun Li

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 143-146 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0238-6

Abstract: We report a case of thymic LCH with diabetes insipidus as the first presentation, without evidence ofThis present case may have important clinical implications.

Keywords： diabetes insipidus     thymus     Langerhans cell histiocytosis    

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Microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study of Denizli/Turkey

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 8, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1699-8

Abstract:

● High amounts of microplastics are released to receiving media from WWTPs.

Keywords： Microplastics     Wastewater treatment plant     Removal efficiency     Daily discharge    

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Advanced finite element analysis of a complex deep excavation case history in Shanghai

Yuepeng DONG, Harvey BURD, Guy HOULSBY, Yongmao HOU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 93-100 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0232-3

Abstract: The construction of the North Square Shopping Center of the Shanghai South Railway Station is a large scale complex top-down deep excavation project. The excavation is adjacent to several current and newly planned Metro lines, and influenced by a neighboring Exchange Station excavation. The highly irregular geometry of this excavation greatly increases the complexity in 3D Finite Element modeling. The advanced numerical modeling described in this paper includes detailed structural and geotechnical behavior. Important features are considered in the analysis, e.g., 1) the small-strain stiffness of the soil, 2) the construction joints in the diaphragm wall, 3) the shrinkage in the concrete floor slabs and beams, 4) the complex construction sequences, and 5) the shape effect of the deep excavation. The numerical results agree well with the field data, and some valuable conclusions are generated.

Keywords： advanced finite element analysis     deep excavations     case history     small-strain stiffness    

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TRADE-OFFS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS AT A REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTH

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 295-308 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021434

Abstract:

Since the Green Revolution cropping systems have been progressively homogenized and intensified with increasing rates of inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and water. This has resulted in higher crop productivity but also a high environmental burden due to increased pollution and water depletion. To identify opportunities for increasing the productivity and reducing the environmental impact of cropping systems, it is crucial to assess the associated trade-offs. The paper presents a model-based analysis of how 30 different crop rotations practiced in the North China Plain could be combined at the regional level to overcome trade-offs between indicators of economic, food security, and environmental performance. The model uses evolutionary multi-objective optimization to maximize revenues, livestock products, dietary and vitamin C yield, and to minimize the decline of the groundwater table. The modeling revealed substantial trade-offs between objectives of maximizing productivity and profitability versus minimizing ground water decline, and between production of livestock products and vitamin C yield. Six strategies each defining a specific combination of cropping systems and contributing to different extents to the various objectives were identified. Implementation of these six strategies could be used to find opportunities to mitigate the trade-offs between objectives. It was concluded that a holistic analysis of the potential of a diversity cropping systems at a regional level is needed to find integrative solutions for challenges due to conflicting objectives for food production, economic viability and environmental protection.

Keywords： crop rotation / food security / multi-objective optimization / water use    

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Screening of indicator pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates: a case study

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 9, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1716-y

Abstract:

● A systematic framework was developed to identify i-PPCPs for landfill leachate.

Keywords： Landfill leachates     PPCPs     Indicator     Screening criteria     Source-specificity    

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Modeling radiative effects of haze on summer-time convective precipitation over North China: a case study

Xuying WANG, Bin ZHANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0840-3

Abstract: We modeled the impact of haze radiative effects on precipitation in North China. Shortwave heating induced by haze radiative effects would reduce heavy rainfalls. Convection was the key factor that whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed. Precipitation was often suppressed where CAPE, RH and updraft velocities were high. The impact of haze radiative effect on summertime 24-h convective precipitation over North China was investigated using WRF model (version 3.3) through model sensitivity studies between scenarios with and without aerosol radiative effects. The haze radiative effect was represented by incorporating an idealized aerosol optical profile, with AOD values around 1, derived from the aircraft measurement into the WRF shortwave scheme. We found that the shortwave heating induced by aerosol radiative effects would significantly reduce heavy rainfalls, although its effect on the post-frontal localized thunderstorm precipitation was more diverse. To capture the key factors that determine whether precipitation is enhanced or suppressed, model grids with 24-h precipitation difference between the two scenarios exceeding certain threshold (>30 mm or<-30 mm) were separated into two sets. Analyses of key meteorological variables between the enhanced and suppressed regimes suggested that atmospheric convection was the most important factor that determined whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed during summertime over North China. The convection was stronger over places with precipitation enhancement over 30 mm. Haze weakened the convection over places with precipitation suppression exceeding 30 mm and caused less water vapor to rise to a higher level and thus further suppressed precipitation. The suppression of precipitation was often accompanied with relatively high convective available potential energy (CAPE), relative humidity (RH) and updraft velocities.

Keywords： Haze     Aerosol radiative effects     Convective precipitation    

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Aerosol transmission, an indispensable route of COVID-19 spread: case study of a department-store cluster

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1386-6

Abstract:

• Aerosol transmission is an indispensable route of COVID-19 spread.

Keywords： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     Environmental factor     Aerosol transmission     Epidemiologic characteristic    

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Supplier development and its incentives in infrastructure mega-projects: A case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao

Wei ZENG, Jinwen ZHANG, Hongwei WANG, Hongtao ZHOU

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2018, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 88-97 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018077

Abstract: In this paper the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project is taken as a case to analyze supplier development

Keywords： infrastructure mega-project     supplier development     critical success factors     incentives     case study    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

EXPLORING THE RECYCLING OF MANURE FROM URBAN LIVESTOCK FARMS: A CASE STUDY IN ETHIOPIA

Journal Article

Not asthma, but GERD: case report

WANG Zhonggao

Journal Article

A case for assessing

Ian T. RILEY

Journal Article

Ecthyma gangrenosum of the scrotum: a case report

Wei Phin Tan,Benjamin A. Sherer,Jerome Hoeksema

Journal Article

––Case of mining enterprises

Anlin SHAO

Journal Article

Severe hepatoxicity caused by aspirin overdose: a case report

Zhuping Cao,Shiqi Liu,Jianhua Niu,Bing Wei,Jie Xu

Journal Article

Identification of variants associated with sporadic thoracic aortic dissection: a case--control study

Journal Article

A case of thymic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with diabetes insipidus as the first presentation

Xiaoyan Chen, Xiaochun Huang, Yuan Qiu, Hanzhang Chen, Yingyu Fu, Xinchun Li

Journal Article

Microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study of Denizli/Turkey

Journal Article

Advanced finite element analysis of a complex deep excavation case history in Shanghai

Yuepeng DONG, Harvey BURD, Guy HOULSBY, Yongmao HOU

Journal Article

TRADE-OFFS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS AT A REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTH

Journal Article

Screening of indicator pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates: a case study

Journal Article

Modeling radiative effects of haze on summer-time convective precipitation over North China: a case study

Xuying WANG, Bin ZHANG

Journal Article

Aerosol transmission, an indispensable route of COVID-19 spread: case study of a department-store cluster

Journal Article

Supplier development and its incentives in infrastructure mega-projects: A case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao

Wei ZENG, Jinwen ZHANG, Hongwei WANG, Hongtao ZHOU

Journal Article