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Test-driven verification/validation of model transformations

László LENGYEL,Hassan CHARAF

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2015, Volume 16, Issue 2,   Pages 85-97 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400111

Abstract: In this way, verification/validation methods can guarantee different requirements stated by the actualtransformation verified/validated, discusses the different scenarios of model transformation verification and validationFurthermore, we collect and discuss the actual open issues in the field of verification/validation of

Keywords： Graph rewriting based model transformations     Verification/validation     Test-driven verification    

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Model validation for structural dynamics in the aero-engine design process

Chaoping ZANG, D. J. EWINS,

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 480-488 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0043-8

Abstract: A model validation technique in structural dynamics and its application in aero-engine development isThe concept and the approaches of model validation based on reference data supplied from experimentalAn aero-engine component is used as an example to demonstrate the validation using the experimental testA satisfactory agreement with both approaches is achieved, and finally, a strategy of model validation

Keywords： model validation     aero-engine     structural dynamics    

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Stiffness analysis and experimental validation of robotic systems

Giuseppe CARBONE

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2011, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 182-196 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0221-3

Abstract: engineering feasibility of both the proposed numerical formulation for stiffness analysis and experimental validation

Keywords： robotics     stiffness performance     numerical and experimental estimations    

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Innate immune checkpoint Siglec10 in cancers: mining of comprehensive omics data and validation in patient

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 4,   Pages 596-609 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0868-z

Abstract: Sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 10 (Siglec10) is a member of innate immune checkpoints that inhibits the activation of immune cells through the interaction with its ligand CD24 on tumor cells. Here, by analyzing public databases containing 64 517 patients of 33 cancer types, we found that the expression of Siglec10 was altered in 18 types of cancers and was associated with the clinical outcomes of 11 cancer types. In particular, Siglec10 was upregulated in patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and was inversely associated with the prognosis of the patients. In 131 KIRC patients of our settings, Siglec10 was elevated in the tumor tissues of 83 (63.4%) patients compared with that in their counterpart normal kidney tissues. Moreover, higher level of Siglec10 was associated with advanced disease (stages III and IV) and worse prognosis. Silencing of CD24 in KIRC cells significantly increased the number of Siglec10-expressing macrophages phagocytosing KIRC cells. In addition, luciferase activity assays suggested that Siglec10 was a potential target of the transcription factors c-FOS and GATA1, which were identified by data mining. These results demonstrate that Siglec10 may have important oncogenic functions in KIRC, and represents a novel target for the development of immunotherapies.

Keywords： innate immune checkpoint     Siglec10     kidney renal clear cell carcinoma    

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Model validation and application

Rongrong ZHANG,Chesheng ZHAN,Xiaomeng SONG,Baolin LIU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 6,   Pages 1025-1035 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0655-z

Abstract: In the third step, the data from an experimental landfill site is used for a pilot-scale validation.Further field-scale validation is finished. The results are satisfactory.

Keywords： environmental multimedia modelling system     fuzzy-set approach     application     model validation     uncertainty    

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Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3,   Pages 335-342 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0365-7

Abstract: Based on energy conservation equation and Darcy’s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawater source heat pump system was established. The model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process. A porous medium model in a software named FLUENT was applied to simulate the seepage and the heat transfer process. This model was also validated by field experiment conducted on the seashore in Tianjin, China. The maximum relative error between simulation results and experimental results was 2.1% (less than 5%), which was acceptable in engineering application. The porosity and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aquifer soil were determined to be 0.49 W/(m·K) and 1.46 W/(m·K), respectively in the simulation. In addition, the influencing factors of pumping water of beach well were also analyzed. The pumping water was found to increase when the distance between the beach well and the impervious boundary becomes longer, when the distance between the beach well and the supplying water source shortens, when the diameter of the beach well enlarges, and the drawdown enlarges.

Keywords： water pumping analysis     experimental validation     infiltration intake system     seawater source heat pump    

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Reliability prediction and its validation for nuclear power units in service

Jinyuan SHI,Yong WANG

Frontiers in Energy 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 479-488 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0425-7

Abstract: In this paper a novel method for reliability prediction and validation of nuclear power units in service

Keywords： nuclear power units in service     reliability     reliability prediction     equivalent availability factors    

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Assessment and validation of liquid breakup models for high-pressure dense diesel sprays

Yi REN,Xianguo LI

Frontiers in Energy 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2,   Pages 164-175 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0407-9

Abstract: Liquid breakup in fuel spray and atomization significantly affects the consequent mixture formation, combustion behavior, and emission formation processes in a direct injection diesel engine. In this paper, different models for liquid breakup processes in high-pressure dense diesel sprays and its impact on multi-dimensional diesel engine simulation have been evaluated against experimental observations, along with the influence of the liquid breakup models and the sensitivity of model parameters on diesel sprays and diesel engine simulations. It is found that the modified Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH)–Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) breakup model gives the most reasonable predicted results in both engine simulation and high-pressure diesel spray simulation. For the standard KH-RT model, the model constant for the breakup length has a significant effect on the predictability of the model, and a fixed value of the constant cannot provide a satisfactory result for different operation conditions. The Taylor-analogy-breakup (TAB) based models and the RT model do not provide reasonable predictions for the characteristics of high-pressure sprays and simulated engine performance and emissions.

Keywords： breakup model     diesel engine     high-pressure injection     simulations    

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Experimental and computational validation of a scaled train tunnel model using modal analysis

Janice B. D’SOUZA, Sangarapillai KANAPATHIPILLAI

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 420-428 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0281-7

Abstract:

Acoustic engineers are faced with the challenge of minimising reverberation time in their designs so as to contribute to the health and well-being of those traveling by train and those on the platforms. Although the problem is easy to identify, it is not as simple to solve. The acoustical environment of a train tunnel is complex, with a variety of noise contributing factors such as train announcements, speech of commuters, ventilation systems, electrical equipment and wheel and rail noise. As a result, there is some difficulty in modeling the complete acoustic environment with computational or acoustic first principles. In this study, an experimental rig was constructed to model the acoustic behavior within a tunnel. The modal properties for the 300 Hz to 1500 Hz range, including resonances and mode shapes were identified and were shown to successfully correspond to theoretical results and a computational model created in COMSOL using Finite Element Analysis.

Keywords： reverberation time     acoustic environment     modal properties     resonances    

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Validation of

Youfen Xu, Zong Li, Ruyin Liu, Hongxia Liang, Zhisheng Yu, Hongxun Zhang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1246-9

Abstract: Abstract • Pig feces is the predominant excrement produced by animal husbandry in China. • The PF, Pig-1-BacTaqMan, and Pig-2-BacTaqMan MST assays showed better performance. • The pig-specific MST assays can contribute to managing the pig fecal pollution. In China, pig feces is the predominant source of excrement produced by animal husbandry. Improper use or direct discharge of pig feces can result in contamination of natural water systems. Microbial source tracking (MST) technology can identify the sources of fecal pollution in environmental water, and contribute to the management of pig fecal pollution by local environmental protection agencies. However, the accuracy of such assays can be context-dependent, and they have not been comprehensively evaluated under Chinese conditions. We aimed to compare the performance of five previously reported pig-specific MST assays (PF, Pig-Bac1SYBR, Pig-Bac2SYBR, Pig-1-BacTaqMan, and Pig-2-BacTaqMan, which are based on Bacteroidales 16S rRNA gene markers) and apply them in two rivers of North China. We collected a total of 173 fecal samples from pigs, cows, goats, chickens, humans, and horses across China. The PF assay optimized in this study showed outstanding qualitative performance and achieved 100% specificity and sensitivity. However, the two SYBR green qPCR assays (Pig-Bac1SYBR and Pig-Bac2SYBR) cross-reacted with most non-pig fecal samples. In contrast, both the Pig-1-BacTaqMan and Pig-2-BacTaqMan assays gave 100% specificity and sensitivity. Of these, the Pig-2-BacTaqMan assay showed higher reproducibility. Our results regarding the specificity of these pig-specific MST assays differ from those reported in Thailand, Japan, and America. Using the PF and Pig-2-BacTaqMan assays, a field test comparing the levels of pig fecal pollution in rivers near a pig farm before and after comprehensive environmental pollution governance indicated that pig fecal pollution was effectively controlled at this location.

Keywords： Microbial source tracking     Pig fecal pollution     16S rRNA gene markers     Pig-specific Bacteroidales    

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One DOF mechanism for the mechanical harvest of vines in an arbor structure and the validation of the

Osvaldo PENISI,José BOCCA,Horacio AGUILAR,Pedro BOCCA

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 221-232 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0347-9

Abstract:

In the mechanized harvest of vines, grape berries are detached through the vibration to the structure supporting the clusters. According to the kind of guide selected, the clusters require one or two vibration directions in the structure. For guiding in parral structures, vibration is necessary in two directions or planes: One perpendicular to the other. The guide branches producing the clusters develop in these planes, and the guiding is called H-guiding. Mechanism theory indicates that a mechanism has as many degrees of freedom as its actuators, and an actuator is needed to achieve a certain vibration. Having the smallest number of possible actuators is beneficial in reducing moving parts and achieving more compact and easily controllable mecha-nisms. In this case, a single degree-of-freedom mechanism is proposed. It is capable of generating vibrations on two planes: One perpendicular to the other. This mechanism is the sum of two link mechanisms on perpendicular planes with a common outlet located at the output rod of the mechanism where the actuator is found. As the distance between the soil and the elements containing the clusters is not constant, a system has been designed to measure the accelerations at the bars and the rocker to validate the acceleration values that detach the grape berries in a prototype in a lab experiment, to ensure that the acceleration needed for pulling the grape berries are produced at any contact point of the bar.

Keywords： harvest     mechanisms     one DOF     vibration    

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Theoretical prediction and validation of global horizontal solar irradiance for a tropical climate in

Sivasankari SUNDARAM,Jakka SARAT CHANDRA BABU

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3,   Pages 311-321 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0369-3

Abstract: This paper aims to propose monthly models responsible for the theoretical evaluation of the global horizontal irradiance of a tropical region in India which is Sivagangai situated in Tamilnadu. The actual measured global horizontal irradiance hails from a 5 MW solar power plant station located at Sivagangai in Tamilnadu. The data were monitored from May 2011 to April 2013. The theoretical assessment was conducted differently by employing a programming platform called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 Express. A graphical user interface was created using Visual Basic 2010 Express, which provided the evaluation of empirical parameters for model formulation such as daily sunshine duration ( ), maximum possible sunshine hour duration ( ), extra terrestrial horizontal global irradiance ( ) and extra terrestrial direct normal irradiance ( ). The proposed regression models were validated by the significance of statistical indicators such as mean bias error, root mean square error and mean percentage error from the predicted and the actual values for the region considered. Comparison was made between the proposed monthly models and the existing normalized models for global horizontal irradiance evaluation.

Keywords： global horizontal irradiance (GHI)     mean bias error     root mean square error     mean percentage error     coefficient of regression     Visual Basic 2010 Express    

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Annotation and validation of genes involved in photosynthesis and starch synthesis from a

Yang ZHANG,Xin CHEN,Haiyan WANG,Zhiqiang XIA,Peng LING,Wenquan WANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 308-320 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016113

Abstract: A full-length cDNA library from leaf and root tissues of cassava ( ) Arg7 and one accession of its wild ancestor W14 ( ssp. ) has been constructed. The library is comprised of four sub-libraries, containing 32640 recombinant clones, 6028 cDNA clones from their 5′ ends, and 128 clones from the 3′ ends were sequenced. In total, 5013 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and 1259 unigenes were obtained. Of these, 746 unigenes were identified by their sequence homologies to ESTs from model plants, and 323 unigenes were mapped onto 114 different KEGG pathways. From these, 24 differentially expressed genes involved in starch metabolism and photosynthesis were identified and five of them were selected to compare their expression level between Arg7 and W14. Notably, Arg7 has a higher net photosynthesis rate in leaves, higher ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxy-lase oxygenase activities in leaves, and higher AGPase activity in roots. This resource is the first EST collection from wild cassava and should be of value for gene discovery, genome annotation and studies of evolution.

Keywords： Manihot esculenta     expressed sequence tag     unigene     pathway     expression pattern    

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Application of consistent geometric decomposition theorem to dynamic finite element of 3D composite beam based on experimental and numerical analyses

Iman FATTAHI, Hamid Reza MIRDAMADI, Hamid ABDOLLAHI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3,   Pages 675-689 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0625-4

Abstract: Analyzing static and dynamic problems including composite structures has been of high significance in research efforts and industrial applications. In this article, equivalent single layer approach is utilized for dynamic finite element procedures of 3D composite beam as the building block of numerous composite structures. In this model, both displacement and strain fields are decomposed into cross-sectional and longitudinal components, called consistent geometric decomposition theorem. Then, the model is discretized using finite element procedures. Two local coordinate systems and a global one are defined to decouple mechanical degrees of freedom. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of consistent geometric decomposition theorem, the transformation and element mass matrices for those systems are introduced here for the first time. The same decomposition idea can be used for developing element stiffness matrix. Finally, comprehensive validations are conducted for the theory against experimental and numerical results in two case studies and for various conditions.

Keywords： composite beam     dynamic finite element     degrees of freedom coupling     experimental validation     numerical validation    

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A Train-Bridge Dynamic Interaction Analysis Method and Its Experimental Validation

Nan Zhang, Yuan Tian, He Xia

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 528-536 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.012

Abstract:

The train-bridge dynamic interaction problem began with the development of railway technology, and requires an evaluation method for bridge design in order to ensure the safety and stability of the bridge and the running train. This problem is studied using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental study. In the train-bridge dynamic interaction system proposed in this paper, the train vehicle model is established by the rigid-body dynamics method, the bridge model is established by the finite element method, and the wheel/rail vertical and lateral interaction are simulated by the corresponding assumption and the Kalker linear creep theory, respectively. Track irregularity, structure deformation, wind load, collision load, structural damage, foundation scouring, and earthquake action are regarded as the excitation for the system. The train-bridge dynamic interaction system is solved by inter-history iteration. A case study of the dynamic response of a CRH380BL high-speed train running through a standard-design bridge in China is discussed. The dynamic responses of the vehicle and of the bridge subsystems are obtained for speeds ranging from 200 km·h-1 to 400 km·h-1, and the vibration mechanism are analyzed.

Keywords： dynamic interaction     Wheel/rail relationship     Inter-history iteration     Field measurement     Experimental validation    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Test-driven verification/validation of model transformations

László LENGYEL,Hassan CHARAF

Journal Article

Model validation for structural dynamics in the aero-engine design process

Chaoping ZANG, D. J. EWINS,

Journal Article

Stiffness analysis and experimental validation of robotic systems

Giuseppe CARBONE

Journal Article

Innate immune checkpoint Siglec10 in cancers: mining of comprehensive omics data and validation in patient

Journal Article

Model validation and application

Rongrong ZHANG,Chesheng ZHAN,Xiaomeng SONG,Baolin LIU

Journal Article

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

Journal Article

Reliability prediction and its validation for nuclear power units in service

Jinyuan SHI,Yong WANG

Journal Article

Assessment and validation of liquid breakup models for high-pressure dense diesel sprays

Yi REN,Xianguo LI

Journal Article

Experimental and computational validation of a scaled train tunnel model using modal analysis

Janice B. D’SOUZA, Sangarapillai KANAPATHIPILLAI

Journal Article

Validation of

Youfen Xu, Zong Li, Ruyin Liu, Hongxia Liang, Zhisheng Yu, Hongxun Zhang

Journal Article

One DOF mechanism for the mechanical harvest of vines in an arbor structure and the validation of the

Osvaldo PENISI,José BOCCA,Horacio AGUILAR,Pedro BOCCA

Journal Article

Theoretical prediction and validation of global horizontal solar irradiance for a tropical climate in

Sivasankari SUNDARAM,Jakka SARAT CHANDRA BABU

Journal Article

Annotation and validation of genes involved in photosynthesis and starch synthesis from a

Yang ZHANG,Xin CHEN,Haiyan WANG,Zhiqiang XIA,Peng LING,Wenquan WANG

Journal Article

Application of consistent geometric decomposition theorem to dynamic finite element of 3D composite beam based on experimental and numerical analyses

Iman FATTAHI, Hamid Reza MIRDAMADI, Hamid ABDOLLAHI

Journal Article

A Train-Bridge Dynamic Interaction Analysis Method and Its Experimental Validation

Nan Zhang, Yuan Tian, He Xia

Journal Article