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COPPER: a combinatorial optimization problem solver with processing-in-memory architecture Correspondence

Yitong YAO, Gang DONG, Zhangming ZHU, Yintang YANG,19111110564@stu.xidian.edu.cn,gdong@xidian.edu.cn,zhangmingzhu@xidian.edu.cn,ytyang@xidian.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 5,   Pages 759-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200398

Abstract: We present a novel broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna with filtering effect for X- and Ku-band satellite wireless communication. The structure comprises a driven layer (also a filtering layer) and a stacked layer (also a CP layer). The bandpass filtering response consists of two radiation nulls, which is the combined effect of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed aperture and embedded driven patch. The chamfered patch is introduced as the stacked component with the ability to achieve CP and widen the operating bandwidth. A prototype with a compact layout of 0.8λ×0.71λ×0.16λ is fabricated using a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) process for demonstration. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, and show that the measured -10-dB impedance bandwidth and 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth are 10.83% and 15.54%, respectively. In addition, a peak gain of 8.9 dBic for left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), an average in-band gainLHCP > 7 dBic, and good frequency selectivity are obtained.

Keywords: 圆极化;滤波效应;贴片天线;衬底集成波导    

Planar dual-polarized millimeter-wave shared-aperture array antenna with high band isolation Correspondence

Yuyan CAO, Zijun GUO, Zhangcheng HAO

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 10,   Pages 1568-1578 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200122

Abstract:

A planar millimeter-wave shared-aperture array antenna is proposed and designed in this paper. By composing the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and the stripline, the K-band antenna is embedded inside the Ka-band antenna to achieve a smaller size and a low profile by sharing an aperture. The Ka-band antenna radiates through the parallel slot pairs on the surface of the SIW cavities with horizontal polarization, while the K-band antenna radiates through the butterfly-shaped slots with vertical polarization, which are also designed on the surface. Then the two array antennas can radiate by sharing a common aperture with high isolation. To verify this idea, a prototype of an 8×8 shared-aperture array antenna has been designed with center frequencies of 19 and 30 GHz and fabricated using multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) technology. The measurement results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidths in the K- and Ka-bands are 7.73% and >20%, and the corresponding isolations are higher than 60 and 44 dB, respectively. The proposed shared-aperture antenna has a small footprint, a low profile, and high isolation, and is a promising candidate to design compact millimeterwave wireless systems.

Keywords: 共口径;平面天线;高隔离度;基片集成波导    

A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array Article

Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo

Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 9,   Pages 100-114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.015

Abstract:

Reconfigurable antennas are becoming a major antenna technology for future wireless communications and sensing systems. It is known that, with a single linear polarization (LP) reconfigurable antenna element, a preferred polarization can be produced from a set of multiple polarization states, thus improving the quality of the communication link. This paper presents a new concept of a polarization programmable reconfigurable antenna array that consists of a number of polarization reconfigurable antenna elements with a finite number of possible polarization states. By employing a new optimization strategy and programming the polarization states of all the array elements, we demonstrate that it is possible to realize any desired LP in the vectorial array radiation pattern with accurate control of sidelobe and crosspolarization levels (XPLs), thereby achieving the desired polarization to perfectly match that of the required communications signal. Both numerical and experimental results are provided to prove the concept, and they agree well with each other.

Keywords: 阵列天线     极化可编程天线     可重构天线    

A dual-polarized Fabry–Pérot antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for millimeter-wave applications

Qingyi Guo, Hang Wong,guo_qingyi@163.com,hang.wong@cityu.edu.hk

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 599-608 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000514

Abstract: We introduce a dual-polarized (DP) rot cavity (FPC) antenna operating at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band with and characteristics. A DP feeding source and a partially reflective surface (PRS) integrated with a Fresnel zone lens are suggested to realize dual-polarization wave radiation over a wide impedance bandwidth. The feeding source provides vertical and horizontal polarizations while keeping high isolation between the two polarizations. PRS is used to realize Fabry cavity to produce a directive beam radiation. The integrated Fresnel zone rings are introduced for phase correction, leading to a significant gain enhancement for the antenna. For verification, a 60-GHz FPC antenna prototype with DP radiation is designed and fabricated with measurement results. It consists of a feeding source, a PRS integrated with a Fresnel zone lens, a quasi-curved reflector, and four three-dimensional printed supporters. The results illustrate that the peak gains of vertical and horizontal polarizations are 18.4 and 17.6 dBi, respectively. The impedance matching bandwidth for the two polarizations is 14%. The performance ensures that the proposed DP FPC antenna is a promising candidate for the fifth-generation wireless communication systems in the mmWave band.

Keywords: 双极化;法布里—珀罗腔天线;与菲涅耳带透镜集成的部分反射面;毫米波波段;高增益;宽带    

Analysis and design of novel wideband and high efficiency millimeter-wave antenna arrays for 60-GHz applications Research Articles

Kai-lai WU, Yuan YAO, Xiao-he CHENG, Jun-sheng YU, Tao YU, Xiao-dong CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 128-143 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900461

Abstract: A type of millimeter-wave antenna array with flexible design is proposed for a variety of applications at 60 GHz. The antenna array can be adjusted to be linearly or circularly polarized by simply changing the radiation part of the antenna array. High gain, wideband, and high radiation efficiency characteristics can be achieved by adopting a low insertion loss feeding network and broadband antenna elements. For the linearly polarized antenna array, simulation results show that the impedance bandwidth of the 2×2 antenna subarray reaches 21.6%, while the maximum gain achieves 15.1 dBi and has a fluctuation of less than 0.4 dBi within the working bandwidth. Simulation results of the 8×8 linearly polarized antenna array show a bandwidth of 21.6% and a gain of (26.1±1) dBi with an antenna efficiency of more than 80%. For the 8×8 circularly polarized antenna array, simulation results show that an impedance bandwidth of 18.2% and an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 13.3% are obtained. Gain and efficiency of up to 27.6 dBi and 80% are achieved, respectively. A prototype of antenna array is fabricated, and results are compared and analyzed.

Keywords: 60 GHz     Antenna array     Linearly polarized     Circularly polarized     Millimeter-wave    

Integrated 60-GHz miniaturized wideband metasurface antenna in a GIPD process Research Articles

Hai-yang XIA, Jin-can HU, Tao ZHANG, Lian-ming LI, Fu-chun ZHENG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 174-181 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900453

Abstract: We propose a miniaturized wideband metasurface antenna for 60-GHz antenna-in-package applications. With the glass integrated passive device manufacturing technology, we introduce a coplanar-waveguide-fed (CPW-fed) ring resonator to char-acterize the material properties of the glass substrate. The proposed antenna is designed on a high dielectric constant glass substrate to achieve antenna miniaturization. Because of the existence of gaps between patch units compared with the conventional rec-tangular patch in the TM10 mode, the radiation aperture of this proposed antenna is reduced. Located right above the center feeding CPW-fed bow-tie slot, the metasurface patch is realized, supporting the TM10 mode and antiphase TM20 mode simultaneously to improve the bandwidth performance. Using a probe-based antenna measurement setup, the antenna prototype is measured, demonstrating a 10-dB impedance bandwidth from 53.3 to 67 GHz. At 60 GHz, the antenna gain measured is about 5 dBi in the boresight direction with a compact radiation aperture of 0.31λ0×0.31λ0 and a thickness of 0.06λ0.

Keywords: 60 GHz     Antenna-in-package (AiP)     Coplanar-waveguide-fed (CPW-fed) ring resonators     Glass integrated passive device (GIPD)     Metasurface antenna     Miniaturized antenna    

A novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity Correspondence

Li SUN, Shigang ZHOU, Guanxi ZHANG, Baohua SUN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 6,   Pages 975-983 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100421

Abstract:

We present a novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity. The proposed antenna consists of eight printed dipole elements in the form of a circular array. The arms of adjacent elements overlap for capacitive loading. Unlike traditional circular arrays, a method of exciting elements in the form of every two intervals is first introduced. We prove that this method can maintain the wideband characteristics of the antenna. Four independent feeding ports in a ring antenna aperture are designed for the polarization/pattern diversity with suitable feeding networks. As an example, a wideband dual-polarized antenna was designed based on the proposed ring antenna. To achieve two orthogonal linear polarizations with maximum radiation in the direction, two adjacent elements are extracted periodically to feed through one port. The differential feeding network and integrated Baluns have been designed to realize broadside radiation patterns, considering impedance and phase matching. Because the proposed antenna is hollow, it is a good candidate for a multiband sharing aperture antenna element. Results show that the proposed antenna has an overlapped bandwidth of 50.5% (1.04–1.82 GHz) with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)<2 for the two polarizations, and port isolation less than 23 dB. The measured realized gain ranges from 6.1 to 8.1 dBi, with stable broadside radiation patterns over the operating frequency band.

Keywords: 环形天线;宽带天线;极化分集;方向图分集    

Filtering antennas: from innovative concepts to industrial applications Review Articles

Yun-fei CAO, Yao ZHANG, Xiu-yin ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 116-127 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900474

Abstract: A filtering antenna is a device with both filtering and radiating capabilities. It can be used to reduce the cross-band mutual coupling between the closely spaced elements operating at different frequency bands. We review the authors’ work on filtering antenna designs and three related dual-band base-station antenna arrays as application examples. The filtering antenna designs include single- and dual-polarized filtering patch antennas, a single-polarized omni-directional filtering dipole antenna, and a dual-polarized filtering dipole antenna for the base station. The filtering antennas in this paper feature an innovative concept of eliminating extra filtering circuits, unlike other available antennas. For each design, the filtering structure is finely integrated with the radiators or feeding lines. As a result, the proposed designs have the advantages of compact size, simple structure, good in-band radiation performance, and low levels of loss, and do not contain complicated filtering circuits. Based on the proposed filtering antennas, single- and dual-polarized dual-band antenna arrays were developed. Separate antenna elements at different frequency bands were used to achieve the dual-band performance. The cross-band mutual couplings between the elements at different bands were reduced substantially using the antenna inherent filtering performance. The dual-band arrays exhibited better performance as compared to typical industrial products. Some of the proposed technologies have been transferred into the industry.

Keywords: Filtering antenna     Dual-band     Antenna array    

An array of two periodic leaky-wave antennas with sum and difference beam scanning for application in target detection and tracking Research Article

Mianfeng HUANG, Juhua LIU,liujh33@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 4,   Pages 567-581 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200473

Abstract: An array of two periodic leaky-wave s (LWAs) with scanning is proposed for application in . The array is composed of two periodic LWAs with different periods, in which each LWA generates a narrow beam through the =-1 space harmonic. Due to the two different periods for the two LWAs, two beams with two different directions can be realized, which can be combined into a sum beam when the array is fed in phase or into a difference beam when the array is fed 180° out of phase. The array integrated with 180° hybrid is designed, fabricated, and measured. Measurement results show that the sum beam can reach a gain up to 15.9 dBi and scan from -33.4° to 20.8°. In the scanning range, the direction of the null in the difference beam is consistent with the direction of the sum beam, with the lowest null depth of -40.8 dB. With the excellent performance, the provides an alternative solution with low complexity and low cost for .

Keywords: Antenna     Leaky-wave antenna (LWA)     Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW)     Sum and difference beam     Target detection and tracking    

Wideband and high-gain BeiDou antenna with a sequential feed network for satellite tracking Research Article

Zhuolin DENG, Zhongyu TIAN, Chenhe DUAN, Pei XIAO, Zhu LIU, Gaosheng LI,Gaosheng7070@vip.163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 10,   Pages 1471-1481 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200244

Abstract: BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system was officially opened in 2020. While bringing high-performance services to people around the world, the navigation system requires well-designed s. In this paper, we propose a wideband circularly polarized high-performance . The antenna realizes through a , and the phase imbalance of the feed network from 1.05 to 1.80 GHz is less than 7°. The manufactured antenna demonstrates a return loss of more than 13 dB and an axial ratio3 dB over the entire global navigation satellite system (GNSS) frequency band. The right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) gain of the proposed antenna is greater than 4 dB in the GNSS low-frequency band and can reach more than 7.1 dB in the high-frequency band. Dimension of the proposed antenna is 120 mm×120 mm×20 mm, i.e., 0.54×0.54×0.09, where is the wavelength of the center frequency. The proposed antenna connected to a GNSS receiver has tracked 12 BeiDou satellites with ratios of GNSS signals greater than 30 dB. Such a high-performance antenna provides a basis for high-quality positioning services.

Keywords: BeiDou antenna     Wideband circularly polarized radiation     Four-port sequential feed network     Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver     Satellite tracking    

Optimal array factor radiation pattern synthesis for linear antenna array using cat swarm optimization: validation by an electromagnetic simulator Article

Gopi RAM, Durbadal MANDAL, Sakti Prasad GHOSHAL, Rajib KAR

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 4,   Pages 570-577 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500371

Abstract: In this paper, an optimal design of linear antenna arrays having microstrip patch antenna elements has been carried out. Cat swarm optimization (CSO) has been applied for the optimization of the control parameters of radiation pattern of an antenna array. The optimal radiation patterns of isotropic antenna elements are obtained by optimizing the current excitation weight of each element and the inter-element spacing. The antenna arrays of 12, 16, and 20 elements are taken as examples. The arrays are designed by using MATLAB computation and are validated through Computer Simulation Technology-Microwave Studio (CST-MWS). From the simulation results it is evident that CSO is able to yield the optimal design of linear antenna arrays of patch antenna elements.

Keywords: Patch antenna     Linear antenna array     Cat swarm optimization (CSO)     Side lobe level (SLL)    

Low-cost high-order-mode cavity backed slot array antenna using empty substrate integrated waveguide for the 5G n260 band

Zihang Qi, Xiuping Li, Hua Zhu,qizihang@bupt.edu.cn,xpli@bupt.edu.cn,judy-cool@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 609-614 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000503

Abstract: A low-cost slot array antenna is proposed for fifth-generation wireless communication (5G) n260 band applications. The antenna is based on the low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) material FR-4. Empty substrate-integrated waveguide is used to avoid high dielectric loss. High-order-mode cavities are introduced to reduce the complexity of the feeding network. The proposed antenna shows a maximum realized gain of 27 dBi with a radiation efficiency of 72.4%. The measurement and simulation results achieve good agreement. The proposed antenna can be a good candidate for low-cost millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication systems.

GaAlAs/GaAs Planar Waveguide Filters Based on Cascade Rectangular Resonators

Cai Chun,Liu Xu,Xiao Jinbiao,Ma Changfeng,Chen Lin,Ding Dong,Zhang Mingde,Sun Xiaohan,Xu Xiaole,Chen Tangsheng,Li Fuxiao

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 61-66

Abstract:

Based on the electromagnetic model for four-port resonant filter, the optical characteristics of several filters with rectangular cascade resonators have been numerically simulated by utilizing two-dimensional FDTD method. The relationship between the number of cascade resonators and the filtering features is analyzed. The narrow-band filter with four cascade resonators implemented on GaAlAs/GaAs planar waveguide is designed and fabricated. The experiment result shows the half-width of filtering spectrum for the chip is about 10 nm, which coincides well with that of the simulation.

Keywords: WDM     planar lightwave circuits     optical filters     resonator     FDTD    

Optimal design of a large dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with China-coverage patterns for satellite communications Research Articles

Gang ZHAO, Yong-chang JIAO, Guan-tao CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 159-173 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900496

Abstract: A large dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with China-coverage patterns in two operating bands is designed. To sufficiently compensate for the spatial phase delay differences in two operating bands separately, a three-layer rectangular patch element is addressed, which is suitable for the large dual-polarization reflectarray. Due to the complexly shaped areas and high gain requirements, there are more than 25 000 elements in the reflectarray, making it difficult to design, due to more than 150 000 optimization variables. First, the discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT) and the inverse DFFT are used to establish a one-to-one relationship between the aperture distribution and the far field, which lays a foundation for optimizing the shaped-beam reflectarray. The intersection approach, based on the alternating projection, is used to obtain the desired reflection phases of all the elements at some sample frequencies, and a new method for producing a suitable initial solution is proposed to avoid undesired local minima. To validate the design method, a dual-polarization shaped-beam reflectarray with 7569 elements is fabricated and measured. The measurement results are in reasonable agreement with the simulation ones. Then, for the large broadband reflectarray with the minimum differential spatial phase delays in the operating band, an approach for determining the optimal position of the feed is discussed. To simultaneously find optimal dimensions of each element in two orthogonal directions, we establish a new optimization model, which is solved by the regular polyhedron method. Finally, a dual-band dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with 25 305 elements is designed to cover the continent of China. Simulation results show that patterns of the reflectarray meet the China-coverage requirements in two operating bands, and that the proposed optimization method for designing large reflectarrays with complexly shaped patterns is reliable and efficient.

Keywords: Reflectarray     Dual-polarization     Shaped beam     Phase-only synthesis    

Miniaturized UWB multi-resonance patch antenna loaded with novel modified H-shape SRR metamaterial for microspacecraft applications Article

Parul DAWAR, N. S. RAGHAVA, Asok DE

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 11,   Pages 1883-1891 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601193

Abstract: We present the design and analysis of a novel modified H-shaped split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial. It has negative permeability and permittivity characteristics with multi-band resonance for the X, Ku, and Ka frequency bands. Different configurations of the patch antenna have been analyzed with different orientations and positions of the metamaterial. Optimized performance was achieved with the new shape of the metamaterial antenna with an appreciable 9 dB gain, 77 GHz bandwidth, 100% radiation efficiency, and 65% reduction in active area. The second-order fractal metamaterial antenna achieves high min-iaturization on the order of 1/21. This is truly a boon in the communications world, as a sharp beam with smaller physical di-mensions is urgently required.

Keywords: Ultra-wideband (UWB)     Antenna     Metamaterial    

Title Author Date Type Operation

COPPER: a combinatorial optimization problem solver with processing-in-memory architecture

Yitong YAO, Gang DONG, Zhangming ZHU, Yintang YANG,19111110564@stu.xidian.edu.cn,gdong@xidian.edu.cn,zhangmingzhu@xidian.edu.cn,ytyang@xidian.edu.cn

Journal Article

Planar dual-polarized millimeter-wave shared-aperture array antenna with high band isolation

Yuyan CAO, Zijun GUO, Zhangcheng HAO

Journal Article

A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array

Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo

Journal Article

A dual-polarized Fabry–Pérot antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for millimeter-wave applications

Qingyi Guo, Hang Wong,guo_qingyi@163.com,hang.wong@cityu.edu.hk

Journal Article

Analysis and design of novel wideband and high efficiency millimeter-wave antenna arrays for 60-GHz applications

Kai-lai WU, Yuan YAO, Xiao-he CHENG, Jun-sheng YU, Tao YU, Xiao-dong CHEN

Journal Article

Integrated 60-GHz miniaturized wideband metasurface antenna in a GIPD process

Hai-yang XIA, Jin-can HU, Tao ZHANG, Lian-ming LI, Fu-chun ZHENG

Journal Article

A novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity

Li SUN, Shigang ZHOU, Guanxi ZHANG, Baohua SUN

Journal Article

Filtering antennas: from innovative concepts to industrial applications

Yun-fei CAO, Yao ZHANG, Xiu-yin ZHANG

Journal Article

An array of two periodic leaky-wave antennas with sum and difference beam scanning for application in target detection and tracking

Mianfeng HUANG, Juhua LIU,liujh33@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Wideband and high-gain BeiDou antenna with a sequential feed network for satellite tracking

Zhuolin DENG, Zhongyu TIAN, Chenhe DUAN, Pei XIAO, Zhu LIU, Gaosheng LI,Gaosheng7070@vip.163.com

Journal Article

Optimal array factor radiation pattern synthesis for linear antenna array using cat swarm optimization: validation by an electromagnetic simulator

Gopi RAM, Durbadal MANDAL, Sakti Prasad GHOSHAL, Rajib KAR

Journal Article

Low-cost high-order-mode cavity backed slot array antenna using empty substrate integrated waveguide for the 5G n260 band

Zihang Qi, Xiuping Li, Hua Zhu,qizihang@bupt.edu.cn,xpli@bupt.edu.cn,judy-cool@163.com

Journal Article

GaAlAs/GaAs Planar Waveguide Filters Based on Cascade Rectangular Resonators

Cai Chun,Liu Xu,Xiao Jinbiao,Ma Changfeng,Chen Lin,Ding Dong,Zhang Mingde,Sun Xiaohan,Xu Xiaole,Chen Tangsheng,Li Fuxiao

Journal Article

Optimal design of a large dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with China-coverage patterns for satellite communications

Gang ZHAO, Yong-chang JIAO, Guan-tao CHEN

Journal Article

Miniaturized UWB multi-resonance patch antenna loaded with novel modified H-shape SRR metamaterial for microspacecraft applications

Parul DAWAR, N. S. RAGHAVA, Asok DE

Journal Article