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-acetylglucosamine 1

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Immunogenicity and protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus in mice of Hib conjugate

Zeyu Chen,Rong Guo,Jianghong Xu,Chuangjun Qiu

Frontiers of Medicine 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 490-498 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0470-y

Abstract: immunogenicity and protective immunity of a Hemophilus influenzae b (Hib) polysaccharide conjugateA total of 15 young mice aged 3 weeks to 5 weeks were immunized with the conjugate vaccine, and anotherThis new Hib-PsaA conjugate vaccine can induce both anti-PsaA and anti-Hib immune responses in young

Keywords： conjugate vaccine     pneumococcal surface adhesin A     Hemophilus influenzae b     immunogenicity     otitis media    

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An invariant descriptor for conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling of 3D protruding heaters in

Thiago ANTONINI ALVES,Paulo H. D. SANTOS,Murilo A. BARBUR

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 263-276 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0345-y

Abstract: These coefficients are defined in this study as the conjugate influence coefficients (g+conjugate coefficients are invariant with the heat generation rate in the array of heaters when assumingexamples are shown, indicating the effects of substrate thermal conductivity and Reynolds number on conjugate

Keywords： channel flow     conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling     conjugate influence coefficients     discrete    

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Invading target cells: multifunctional polymer conjugates as therapeutic nucleic acid carriers

Ulrich L?CHELT, Ernst WAGNER

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 275-286 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1203-z

Abstract: Polymer-based conjugates are an interesting option and challenge for the design of nano-sized drug-delivery systems, as they require advanced conjugation chemistry and precise engineering. In the case of nucleic acid therapy, non-viral carriers face several biological barriers during the delivery process, namely 1) protection of the cargo from extracellular degradation, 2) avoidance of non-specific interactions with non-targeted tissues, 3) efficient entry into the target cells, 4) intracellular trafficking to the site of action and 5) cargo release. To take on these obstacles, multifunctional conjugates can act as “smart polymers” with microenvironment-sensing dynamics to facilitate the separate delivery steps. Synthesis of defined polymer architectures with precise functionalization enables structure-activity relationships to be investigated and the integration of key functions for efficient delivery. Thus bioresponsive polymer conjugates, which are equipped with molecular devices responding to the certain microenvironments within the delivery pathway (e.g. pH, redox potential, enzymes) can be assembled. This review focuses on the modular engineering and conjugation of multifunctional polymeric structures for the utilization as “tailor-made” nucleic acid carriers.

Keywords： conjugate     DNA     gene transfer     polymer     RNA     targeting    

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Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of effusion cooling for plane multi-layer systems with different base-materials

Dieter BOHN, Robert KREWINKEL

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 406-413 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0041-x

Abstract: CHTflow is a conjugate code, which yields information on the temperature distribution in the solid bodyThe numerical grid for the simulations contains the coolant supply (plenum), the solid body for the conjugate

Keywords： conjugate calculation     effectiveness of effusion cooling     multi-layer systems     CMSX-4     NiAl-FG75    

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Kinetics of enhanced adsorption by polarization for organic pollutants on activated carbon fiber

HAN Yanhe, QUAN Xie, ZHAO Huimin, CHEN Shuo, ZHAO Yazhi

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 1,   Pages 83-88 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0016-2

Abstract: electron-accepting aromatic compounds, and decreased the adsorption capacity of benzene-bearing donor-conjugate

Keywords： ACF     activated     17-fold enhancement     donor-conjugate bridge-acceptor     Electrostatic interaction    

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Research on transmission principle and kinematics analysis for involute spherical gear

PAN Cun-yun, WEN Xi-sen, YANG Kun-yu, XU Xiao-jun, LIU Min, YAO Qi-shui

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2006, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 183-193 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0010-6

Abstract: Furthermore, the paper deduces the surface formula of the conjugate teeth profiles, which proves thatthe conjugate teeth profiles is also one of the ringed involute spherical gear.

Keywords： rotational transformation     orientation     Furthermore     conjugate     number    

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Conjugation with Acridines Turns Nuclear Localization Sequence into Highly Active Antimicrobial Peptide Artical

Wei Zhang,Xiaoli Yang,Jingjing Song,Xin Zheng,Jianbo Chen,Panpan Ma,Bangzhi Zhang,Rui Wang

Engineering 2015, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 500-505 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015106

Abstract:

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria creates an urgent need for alternative antibiotics with new mechanisms of action. In this study, we synthesized a novel type of antimicrobial agent, Acr3-NLS, by conjugating hydrophobic acridines to the N-terminus of a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), a short cationic peptide. To further improve the antimicrobial activity of our agent, dimeric (Acr3-NLS)2 was simultaneously synthesized by joining two monomeric Acr3-NLS together via a disulfide linker. Our results show that Acr3-NLS and especially (Acr3-NLS)2 display significant antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria compared to that of the NLS. Subsequently, the results derived from the study on the mechanism of action demonstrate that Acr3-NLS and (Acr3-NLS)2 can kill bacteria by membrane disruption and DNA binding. The double targets–cell membrane and intracellular DNA–will reduce the risk of bacteria developing resistance to Acr3-NLS and (Acr3-NLS)2. Overall, this study provides a novel strategy to design highly effective antimicrobial agents with a dual mode of action for infection treatment.

Keywords： acridine     nuclear localization sequence     conjugate     antimicrobial activity     mechanism of action    

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Modified Therapeutic Antibodies: Improving Efficacy Review

Ji-Min Dai, Xue-Qin Zhang, Jing-Yao Dai, Xiang-Min Yang, Zhi-Nan Chen

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 11,   Pages 1529-1540 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.030

Abstract:

The prosperity of the biotherapeutics market reflects the feasibility and effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of cancers, inflammatory disorders, and refractory infections. As drawbacks emerge in clinical trials and practice, such as impeded binding, reduced effector functions, and frequent adverse reactions, modifications of therapeutic antibodies are unprecedently burgeoning in research and development (R&D). These modifications include: ① modified glycosylation; ② fragment of crystallizable domain (Fc) amino acid alterations; ③ cross-isotype or cross-subclass exchanges; ④ antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs); ⑤ single chain of variable region fragment (scFv) for chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells; and ⑥ bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) in order to promote binding affinity, half-life in circulation, effectiveness toward target cells and, ultimately, to achieve overall improved efficacy. While many achievements have been made around the world in the past decades, China has been playing an active role in this realm, with its great demand for biotherapeutics with R&D potential. This review recapitulates the international progress that has been achieved with modified therapeutic antibodies, and then focuses on that of China in an independent section.

Keywords： Therapeutic antibody     Modification     Efficacy     Antigen     Antibody–drug conjugate     Bispecific antibody    

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A high-precision terahertz retrodirective antenna array with navigation signal at a different frequency Correspondence

Zhong-bo ZHU, Wei-dong HU, Tao QIN, Sheng LI, Xiao-jun LI, Jiang-jie ZENG, Xian-qi LIN, Leo P. LIGTHART

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 3,   Pages 377-383 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900581

Abstract: Future communications will provide higher transmission rates and higher operating frequencies. In addition, agile beam tracking will be an inevitable trend in technology development. The terahertz retrodirective antenna array proposed and discussed in this paper can be a better solution for agile beam tracking. The array receives a 40-GHz navigation signal and accurately retransmits a 120-GHz beam in the direction of the arrival wave. Simulation results indicate that the proposed array with a stacked sandwich structure has realized the tracking of the received wave. The scanning radiation pattern shows that the array gain is 23.87 dB at 19.9° when the incident angle is 20° with a relative error of only 0.5%, meaning that there is a lateral error of only 8.7 m at a transmission distance of 5 km.

Keywords： Terahertz     Retrodirective antenna array     Terahertz communications     Conjugate mixing    

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Antibodies Targeting a Conserved Surface Polysaccharide Are Protective Against a Wide Range of Microbial Pathogens Producing β-1–6-Linked Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine (PNAG)

Xi Lu,Guoqing Li,Jing Pang,Xinyi Yang,Colette Cywes-Bentley,Xuefu You,Gerald B. Pier,

Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.012

Abstract: The β-1–6-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) polymer is a conserved surface polysaccharide produced by many bacteria, fungi, and protozoan (and even filarial) parasites. This wide-ranging expression makes PNAG an attractive target for vaccine development, as it potentially encompasses a broad range of microorganisms. Significant progress has been made in discovering important properties of the biology of PNAG expression in recent years. The molecular characterization and regulation of operons for the production of PNAG biosynthetic proteins and enzymes have been studied in many bacteria. In addition, the physiological function of PNAG has been further elucidated. PNAG-based vaccines and PNAG-targeting antibodies have shown great efficacy in preclinical research. Furthermore, clinical tests for both vaccines and antibodies have been carried out in humans and economically important animals, and the results are promising. Although it is not destined to be a smooth road, we are optimistic about new vaccines and immunotherapeutics targeting PNAG becoming validated and eventually licensed for clinical use against multiple infectious agents.

Keywords： Poly-     N     -acetylglucosamine     Conjugate vaccine     Monoclonal antibody    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Immunogenicity and protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus in mice of Hib conjugate

Zeyu Chen,Rong Guo,Jianghong Xu,Chuangjun Qiu

Journal Article

An invariant descriptor for conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling of 3D protruding heaters in

Thiago ANTONINI ALVES,Paulo H. D. SANTOS,Murilo A. BARBUR

Journal Article

Invading target cells: multifunctional polymer conjugates as therapeutic nucleic acid carriers

Ulrich L?CHELT, Ernst WAGNER

Journal Article

Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of effusion cooling for plane multi-layer systems with different base-materials

Dieter BOHN, Robert KREWINKEL

Journal Article

Kinetics of enhanced adsorption by polarization for organic pollutants on activated carbon fiber

HAN Yanhe, QUAN Xie, ZHAO Huimin, CHEN Shuo, ZHAO Yazhi

Journal Article

Research on transmission principle and kinematics analysis for involute spherical gear

PAN Cun-yun, WEN Xi-sen, YANG Kun-yu, XU Xiao-jun, LIU Min, YAO Qi-shui

Journal Article

Conjugation with Acridines Turns Nuclear Localization Sequence into Highly Active Antimicrobial Peptide

Wei Zhang,Xiaoli Yang,Jingjing Song,Xin Zheng,Jianbo Chen,Panpan Ma,Bangzhi Zhang,Rui Wang

Journal Article

Modified Therapeutic Antibodies: Improving Efficacy

Ji-Min Dai, Xue-Qin Zhang, Jing-Yao Dai, Xiang-Min Yang, Zhi-Nan Chen

Journal Article

A high-precision terahertz retrodirective antenna array with navigation signal at a different frequency

Zhong-bo ZHU, Wei-dong HU, Tao QIN, Sheng LI, Xiao-jun LI, Jiang-jie ZENG, Xian-qi LIN, Leo P. LIGTHART

Journal Article

Antibodies Targeting a Conserved Surface Polysaccharide Are Protective Against a Wide Range of Microbial Pathogens Producing β-1–6-Linked Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine (PNAG)

Xi Lu,Guoqing Li,Jing Pang,Xinyi Yang,Colette Cywes-Bentley,Xuefu You,Gerald B. Pier,

Journal Article