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Blockage of receptor-interacting protein 2 expression by small interfering RNA in murine macrophages

LIU Hongchun, CAO Zhongwei, JIN Jianjun, WANG Jiyao

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 166-170 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0030-1

Abstract: This study aims to demonstrate that blocking the receptor-interacting protein2 (Rip2) expression can

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Performance of fixed beam without interacting bars

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Behnam KARAMI, Timon RABCZUK, Arshia SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Ali NAGHSH, Mohammreza MOHAMMAD KHANI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 5, Pages 1180-1195 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0661-0

Abstract: Increasing the bending capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) elements is one of important topics in structure engineering. The goal of this study is to develop a transferred stress system (TSS) on longitudinal reinforcement bars for increasing the bending capacity of RC frames. The study is divided into two parts, i.e., experimental tests and nonlinear FE analysis. The experiments were carried out to determine the load-deflection curves and crack patterns of the ordinary and TSS fixed frame. The FE models were developed for simulating the fixed frames. The obtained load-deflection results and the observed cracks from the FE analysis and experimental tests are compared to evaluate the validation of the FE nonlinear models. Based on the validated FE models, the stress distribution on the ordinary and TSS bars were evaluated. We found the load carrying capacity and ductility of TSS fixed beam are 29.39% and 23.69% higher compared to those of the ordinary fixed beams. The crack expansion occurs on the ordinary fixed beam, although there are several crack openings at mid-span of the TSS fixed beam. The crack distribution was changed in the TSS fixed frame. The TSS fixed beam is proposed to employ in RC frame instead of ordinary RC beam for improving the performance of RC frame.

Keywords： transferred stress system bending capacity crack opening crack propagation FE nonlinear model stress distribution

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Performance of a novel bent-up bars system not interacting with concrete

Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Mohammad Reza GHASEMI, Hesam VARAEE

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 6, Pages 1301-1315 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0552-4

Abstract: Increasing the bending and shear capacities of reinforced concrete members is an interesting issue in structural engineering. In recent years, many studies have been carried out to improve capacities of reinforced concrete members such as using post and pre-tensioning, Fiber Reinforced Polymer and other techniques. This paper proposes a novel and significant technique to increase the flexural capacity of simply supported reinforced concrete beams. The proposed method uses a new reinforcement bar system having bent-up bars, covered with rubber tubes. This technique will avoid interaction of bent-up bars with concrete. They are located in the zone where compressive and tensile forces act against one another. The compressive force in the upper point of the bent-up bars is exerted to the end point of these bars located under neutral axis. Moreover, the tensile stress is decreased in reinforcements located under the neutral axis. This will cause the Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam to endure extra loading before reaching yield stress. These factors may well be considered as reasons to increase bending capacity in the new system. The laboratory work together with finite element method analysis were carried out in this investigation. Furthermore, bending capacity, ductility, strength, and cracking zone were assessed for the new proposed system and compared with the conventional model. Both the FEM simulation and the experimental test results revealed that the proposed system has significant impact in increasing the load bearing capacity and the stiffness of the RC beams. In the present study, an equation is formulated to calculate bending capacity of a new reinforcement bar system beam.

Keywords： bending capacity rubber tube stress transfer bent-up bars ductility cracking

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Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma

ZHANG Xufeng, YU Liang, LU Yi

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 216-228 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0042-x

Abstract: In recent years, more and more interacting components have been observed and their exact functions approached

Keywords： interacting complicated understanding embryogenesis activation organism development

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Systems Neuroengineering: Understanding and Interacting with the Brain Review

Bradley J. Edelman,Nessa Johnson,Abbas Sohrabpour,Shanbao Tong,Nitish Thakor,Bin He

Engineering 2015, Volume 1, Issue 3, Pages 292-308 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015078

Abstract:

In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering: neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity (via a neuroimaging modality) through a neural interface (invasive or noninvasive) and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering—to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole-brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disorders.

Keywords： systems neuroengineering neuroimaging neural interface neuromodulation neurotechnology brain-computer interface brain-machine interface neural stimulation