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Review and Development Strategy of Irrigation with Unconventional Water Resources in China
HuYaqi, Wenyong Wu
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 69-76 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.011
With the increasing shortage of water resources, the development and utilization of unconventional water resources have received more and more attention from various countries. Using unconventional water resources to irrigate is one of the important measures to deal with the shortage of water resources. Unconventional water resources mainly include the reclaimed water and brackish water. In China, the agricultural unconventional water resources have relatively high potentials. It has been predicted that the amount of unconventional water available for agriculture will reach 3.438×1010 m3 in 2030 and the irrigation amount of reclaimed water and brackish water will be 1.645×1010 m3 and 2.48×109 m3, respectively. In areas where the fresh water resources are lacking and the unconventional water resources are relatively abundant, especially in the arid area in the north, developing and using unconventional water resources can be regarded as a good solution for the shortage of fresh water. In this paper, based on the situation of China, the irrigation mode of unconventional water resources was summarized. From the aspects of zoning technology, suitable crop classification, pollution identification technology, high-efficient irrigation technique, monitoring and evaluation technology, and integrated application mode, this paper proposes the safe irrigation measures of unconventional water resources in China. Finally, in order to establish a technical system of agricultural unconventional water resources utilization suitable for China, this paper puts forward the development and utilization strategy, which is to further strengthen the technical research and popularization of the agricultural unconventional water resource utilization technology, to improve the recycling standards and regulation system, to bring the unconventional water resources into the planning of water resources development and utilization, and to formulate incentive policies.
Prospects and Strategic Position on Unconventional Natural Gas Development & Utilization in China
The Project Team of “China Unconventional Natural Gas Development & Utilization Strategic Research
Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 9, Pages 6-10
The unconventional natural gas resources is abundant in China but with low degree of development and utilization. Moreover, there is advanced technology and experiences from outside China can be learned. It is of great strategic significance to accelerate the development and utilization of unconventional natural gas resources for economic and social development as well as the energy security. Based on the evaluation of the potential and exploitation trends of four types of unconventional natural gas resources, some strategies and measures were recommended in this paper. The studies suggested that the grand total technically recoverable resources of shale gas, tight gas and coal-bed methane in China is approximately 3.1×1013 m3, which is 1.5 times that of conventional natural gas resources. Both technological innovation and policy support from the government are the key to achieve the large-scale development and utilization of unconventional natural gas resources. A three-step strategy can be applied in the development and utilization of unconventional natural gas in China. The output of unconventional natural gas is predicted to draw equal with that of the conventional natural gas around 2020; it is expected to reach approximately 3×1011 m3 around 2030, accounting for 2/3 of the national total. It will be the main contributor for the sustainable and sound development of China’s natural gas industry.
Keywords： unconventional natural gas resource potential development and utilization strategic position
The potential and exploring progress of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in SINOPEC
Ma Yongsheng,Feng Jianhui,Mu Zehui,Zhao Peirong,Bao Shujing,Wang Feng
Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 22-30
The unconventional hydrocarbon resources are very abundant within the registered blocks of SINOPEC (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation). The potential exploration area for coalbed methane (CBM) reaches 101.9 thousand km2 and the resource with the buried depth smaller than 2 000 m is 11.02 trillion m3. The potential exploration area for shell gas is 175 thousand km2 and the volume is 15.9 trillion m3. The potential exploration area for shell oil reaches 117.6 thousand km2 and the resource is huge. Since 2004, SINOPEC has started to pay attention to unconventional hydrocarbon resources and launched research and exploration on CBM, shale gas and shale oil, etc. Recently, unconventional hydrocarbon resources exploration of SINOPEC has obtained breakthrough and progress. By the horizontal well fracturing section, Biye HF-1 obtains 23.6 m3/d commercial shell oil flow in Biyang Depression. By testing, several continental wells get high-yield commercial shell gas flow in Yuanba Block, and Jianye HF-1 obtains 12 300 m3/d commercial shell gas flow in Jiannan Block. The CBM proved reservoir in Yanchuan south block has reached 10 647 millon m3, and lots of wells get commercial CBM gas flow, which makes the pattern of “various resources type” and “multi-stage” exploration and development form on unconventional hydrocarbon resources in SINOPEC.
Keywords： SINOPEC (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation ) unconventional hydrocarbon hydrocarbon resources exploration
Potential and development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China
Hu Wenrui,Zhai Guangming,Li Jingming
Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages 25-29
The situation of development and utilization of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in world and in China was summarized, difficulties in unconventional hydrocarbon resources development were analyzed and policies and proposals to speed up the development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China were proposed.
Keywords： unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and development technology potential countermeasure
Technical Trend and R&D Focus of Modern Water-saving Agriculture
Wu Pute,Feng Hao,Niu Wenquan,Zhao Xining
Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 12-18
Based on analyzing research achievements and technical trend of modern water-saving agriculture in China, combining technical development and demand on modern water-saving agriculture, the author suggested five of technical research emphases on modern water-saving agriculture in the future, including the biological water-saving technique,inferior water resources development technique, water-saving irrigation technique and equipment, dryland water high-efficient agriculture, and the regional development mode of water saving in field for water-saving agriculture.
Keywords： biological water-saving technique inferior water resources water-saving irrigation technique
Zhao Wenjin
Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 8, Pages 21-27
Freshwater resources are the material basis for human subsistence and economic and social development. The problem of water resources is very severe in the process of development in the northwestern region of China. This paper further discusses the problem concerning the implementation of the uprinciple of harmonious co-existence of man and nature” during the development of the northwestern region, and suggests that in the process of exploitation and utilization of water resources in the northwestern region it is necessary to consider issues from the fact that the region has only a small total amount of water resource but very large annual evaporation and very small annual precipitation. Efforts should be made to broaden sources of water and economize on water, prevent various kinds of waste of water resources, raise the effectiveness of water use, reduce water pollution, recover water resources and improve the environment. It is advisable to take actively the way of “storing water under the ground”，expanding groundwater and developing groundwater rationally, and meanwhile to adhere to expanding usable freshwater resources continuously.
Keywords： water resources exploitation and utilization northwestern region of China
Guoxin Li,Chenggang Xian,He Liu
Engineering 2022, Volume 18, Issue 11, Pages 105-115 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.018
Unconventional oil and gas resources have become the most important and realistic field for increasing China's domestic oil and gas reserves and production. At present, the production scale does not match the massive amount of resources and the rapid growth of proven geological reserves. The challenges of technology, cost, management, and methodology restrict large-scale and economic development. Based on successful practices, a "one engine with six gears" system engineering methodology is put forward, which includes life-cycle management, overall synergy, interdisciplinary cross-service integration, marketoriented operation, socialized support, digitalized management, and low-carbon and green development. The methodology has been proved to be effective in multiple unconventional oil and gas national demonstration areas, including the Jimusar continental shale oil demonstration area. Disruptive views are introduced—
namely, that unconventional oil and gas do not necessarily yield a low return, nor do they necessarily have a low recovery factor. A determination to achieve economic benefit must be a pervasive underlying goal for managers and experts. Return and recovery factors, as primary focuses, must be adhered to during China’s development of unconventional oil and gas. The required methodology transformation
includes a revolution in management systems to significantly decrease cost and increase production, resulting in technological innovation.
Keywords： Unconventional oil and gas resources System engineering Methodology transformation Life-cycle management Geoscience-to-engineering integration
Analysis of the Development of Water Resources of the Minqin Oasis
Sun Xuetao
Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 1-9
Water scarcity of the Shiyang River Basin becomes more and more severe in recent years, which has led to a rapid degradation of ecological environment and human civilization created for a long period of time in the Minqin Oasis at the down stream and has caused deep concerns of all circles of life. The paper focuses on the utilization of water resources of the Minqin Oasis in different periods, analysis of the methods of ecological environment rehabilitation and reasonable water utilization. It shows that the Minqin Oasis will be destroyed if there are no new rescuning measures, according to balance calculation of water demand and supply. The paper delivered three proposals for the sustainable development of the Oasis and adequate water recovery of the Qingtu Lake at the end of the Shiyang River.
Keywords： the Minqin Oasis ecological environment desertification water resources restructuring
Sustainable Development and Utilization of Chin a´s Water Resources in the 21st Century
Chen Zhikai
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 7-11
The water resources in China are characterized by uneven regional and seasonal distribution. These features result in frequent droughts and floods, and unstable agricultural production. Per capita available water resources, ranking 108th worldwide, is very low although the country ´ s total is 2 810 km3. Regional distribution of water resources does not match that of land resources and an imbalance between water demand and supply has occurred seriously. With the growth of population, the industrial and urban water demand increased rapidly. The development of irrigation, affected by the lack of water resources, has basically been brought to a standstill. The sustainable social and economic development is facing greater challenges than any other country of the world. Moreover, owing to continuous deterioration of water environment and lack of construction funds, the water resources problems have become important constraints of social and economic development in China. This paper discusses the water problem and the countermeasures for sustainable development in 21st century.
Keywords： water resources sustainable development
Zhao Ying,Wang Haixia,Wang Yi,Niu Zhongen,Hu Qiuli,Zhao Fen,Suo Lizhu,Xu Zhenghe,Chen Xiaobing
Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 4, Pages 158-168 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.04.013
Water resources are basic natural and economic resources of strategic significance and are vital for the high-quality agricultural development and ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin. To implement the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, it is significant to improve the use efficiency and allocation of water resources in the basin. This study focuses on the high-efficiency utilization and sustainable development of agricultural water resources, adopts the research methods of systematic hydrology, and adheres to an all-encompassing approach to food. Based on the theories and technologies for the optimal allocation of water resources in the process of high-quality agricultural development, it explores the mechanism for the hydrologic process of farmlands and investigates the challenges faced in terms of water use efficiency improvement, optimal allocation of agricultural and ecological water resources, collaborative optimization of water, food, and ecosystem, and construction of farmland information systems. Countermeasures are further proposed. This study reviews the agricultural water-saving and water resource allocation capabilities of the whole Yellow River Basin from a water cycle perspective and is expected to provide basic support for the optimal allocation of land and water resources, high-quality agricultural development, and ecological protection collaboration in the Yellow River Basin.
Keywords： Yellow River Basin agricultural water and soil resources eco-hydrological process water use efficiency water resource allocation
Chen Shouyu
Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 33-38
Based on analysis of the relationship between sustainable development and bearing capacity of regional water resources, this paper presents a fuzzy pattern recognition model and a method for qualitative assessment of sustainable development of regional water resources, which are applied to assess the sustainable development of water resources of Hanzhong Basin. The case study proves that the model and method are reliable and that results are reasonable and practicable. They can also be applied to the assessment of the sustainable development of social economies.
Keywords： water resources sustainable development assessment pattern recognition fuzzy
Caineng Zou,Zhen Qiu,Jiaqiang Zhang,Zhiyang Li,Hengye Wei,Bei Liu,Jianhua Zhao,Tian Yang,Shifa Zhu,Huifei Tao,Fengyuan Zhang,Yuman Wang,Qin Zhang,Wen Liu,Hanlin Liu,Ziqing Feng,Dan Liu,Jinliang Gao,Rong Liu,Yifan Li
Engineering 2022, Volume 18, Issue 11, Pages 62-78 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.016
The commercial exploitation of unconventional petroleum resources (e.g., shale oil/gas and tight oil/gas) has drastically changed the global energy structure within the past two decades. Sweet-spot intervals (areas), the most prolific unconventional hydrocarbon resources, generally consist of extraordinarily high organic matter (EHOM) deposits or closely associated sandstones/carbonate rocks. The formation of sweet-spot intervals (areas) is fundamentally controlled by their depositional and subsequent diagenetic settings, which result from the coupled sedimentation of global or regional geological events, such as tectonic activity, sea level (lake level) fluctuations, climate change, bottom water anoxia, volcanic activity, biotic mass extinction or radiation, and gravity flows during a certain geological period. Black shales with EHOM content and their associated high-quality reservoir rocks deposited by the coupling of major geological events provide not only a prerequisite for massive hydrocarbon generation but also abundant hydrocarbon storage space. The Ordovician–Silurian Wufeng–Longmaxi shale of the Sichuan Basin, Devonian Marcellus shale of the Appalachian Basin, Devonian–Carboniferous Bakken Formation of the Williston Basin, and Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin are four typical unconventional hydrocarbon systems selected as case studies herein. In each case, the formation of sweet-spot intervals for unconventional hydrocarbon resources was controlled by the coupled sedimentation of different global or regional geological events, collectively resulting in a favorable environment for the production, preservation, and accumulation of organic matter, as well as for the generation, migration, accumulation, and exploitation of hydrocarbons. Unconventional petroleum sedimentology, which focuses on coupled sedimentation during dramatic environmental changes driven by major geological events, is key to improve the understanding of the formation and distribution of sweet-spot intervals (areas) in unconventional petroleum systems.
Keywords： Sedimentology Black shales Fine-grained sediments Organic matter accumulation Extraordinarily high organic matter Unconventional petroleum
Water,Water resources and Saving water in Agriculture
Liu Gengling
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 7, Pages 39-42
The Characteristics of water and the issue of water resources in China are mainly discussed in the paper. The viewpoint that the situation of water resources in China cann´t be judged simplily by the amount of average yearly precipitation, and the exploitation and utilization of water resources depend on the humen´s control and management are expounded. In general the water resources in China is enough for using, its unbalnced distribution in space-time is the most problem. Lots of experiences about bringing water under control and using water were accumulated by the Chinese farmers in thousand-years-histroy´s practice. Saving water in agriculture is very important,the key measure is to advocate “decentralized storage and decentralized utilization of water” so that the loss and pollutiion of runoff can be controled. In order to raise the efficiency of water use,a series of research and practical work needs to be carried out.
Keywords： water water resources saving water in agriculture decentralized storage of water
Zoning of Agricultural Resource and Environment in China
Erqi Xu
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 57-62 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.009
Problems in China’s agricultural resources and environment have become increasingly prominent, with distinct resource and environment constraints for regional agricultures. Based on regional differentiation in agricultural resource and environment characteristics, this paper divided the country into 10 first-level zones and 57 second-level zones at the county scale. The first-level zones were divided according to regional differentiation in climate and geotectonic. And the second-level zones differentiate in water resources, land resources, and environmental conditions. It analyzed the agricultural production conditions, types of resources and their different combinations, environmental production conditions, and existing problems in these zones. This study proposed the strategies of “optimizing the spatial layout of eastern, central, and western regions” and “improving Northeast China, regulating North China, and recovering South China”. Twenty-seven second-level zones, undertaking the supply of major agricultural products in China, were identified and labeled as “major agricultural developing regions in China”. The development direction and construction measures of the major agricultural developing regions in China were suggested to maintain and improve the health and sustainability of China’s agricultural production system.
Keywords： 一级区依据气候条件和大地构造的地域分异，二级区根据水资源、土地资源和环境条件问题差异。分析了全国各分区农业生产条件、资源类型及其组合的特点、环境生产条件和存在问题，提出 中国农业资源环境问题日益突出，区域农业资源限制因素和环境制约问题各不相同。依据农业资源环境地域分异，以县域为制图单元，本文将全国划分为10 提高东北，整治华北，恢复南方 战略，并划分了27 个承担主要农产品供给保障功能的 ，指明其建设方向措施，以维护和改善我国农业生产系统的健康和可持续性
Research on water resources utilization and protection in Northwest China
Chen Min,Huang Zheng,Chen Weijie
Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages 98-101
On the basis of the condition and characteristics of water resources in Northwest China, the paper analyzes the existing problems in water resource development and utilization. Meanwhile, some fundamental principles of scientific utilization and management of water resources in Northwest China are also discussed in this paper. Ultimately, the author ends this thesis by proposing some legislative proposals on scientific utilization and management of water resources in Northwest China.
Keywords： water resource Northwest China legislative proposal
Title Author Date Type Operation
Review and Development Strategy of Irrigation with Unconventional Water Resources in China
HuYaqi, Wenyong Wu
Journal Article
Prospects and Strategic Position on Unconventional Natural Gas Development & Utilization in China
The Project Team of “China Unconventional Natural Gas Development & Utilization Strategic Research
Journal Article
The potential and exploring progress of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in SINOPEC
Ma Yongsheng,Feng Jianhui,Mu Zehui,Zhao Peirong,Bao Shujing,Wang Feng
Journal Article
Potential and development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China
Hu Wenrui,Zhai Guangming,Li Jingming
Journal Article
Technical Trend and R&D Focus of Modern Water-saving Agriculture
Wu Pute,Feng Hao,Niu Wenquan,Zhao Xining
Journal Article
Supplementary Suggestion for Countermeasures for Exploitation and Utilization of Water Resources of the Northwestern Region of China
Zhao Wenjin
Journal Article
A “One Engine with Six Gears” System Engineering Methodology for the Economic Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas in China
Guoxin Li,Chenggang Xian,He Liu
Journal Article
Sustainable Development and Utilization of Chin a´s Water Resources in the 21st Century
Chen Zhikai
Journal Article
Efficient Utilization and Optimal Allocation of Agricultural Water Resources in the Yellow River Basin
Zhao Ying,Wang Haixia,Wang Yi,Niu Zhongen,Hu Qiuli,Zhao Fen,Suo Lizhu,Xu Zhenghe,Chen Xiaobing
Journal Article
Theory Model and a Method for Qualitative Assessment of Sustainable Development of Regional Water Resources
Chen Shouyu
Journal Article
Unconventional Petroleum Sedimentology: A Key to Understanding Unconventional Hydrocarbon Accumulation
Caineng Zou,Zhen Qiu,Jiaqiang Zhang,Zhiyang Li,Hengye Wei,Bei Liu,Jianhua Zhao,Tian Yang,Shifa Zhu,Huifei Tao,Fengyuan Zhang,Yuman Wang,Qin Zhang,Wen Liu,Hanlin Liu,Ziqing Feng,Dan Liu,Jinliang Gao,Rong Liu,Yifan Li
Journal Article
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