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A microstrip filter direct-coupled amplifier based on active coupling matrix synthesis Research Articles

Yang Gao, Fan Zhang, Yingying Qiao, Jiawei Zang, Lei Li, Xiaobang Shang,gaoyang678@outlook.com,lilei@zzu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 9,   Pages 1260-1269 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000292

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology of designing an integrated with a filter using an active . The filter is directly coupled to the active device, and the integrated filter can achieve filtering as well as matching functionalities, simultaneously, eliminating the need for separate matching networks. The filter is represented by an active , with additional columns and rows in the matrix corresponding to the active transistor. The matrix can be used to calculate the S-parameter responses (i.e., the return loss and the gain) and the initial dimensions of the integrated device. Moreover, the integration of a filter and an leads to a reduced loss and a more compact architecture of the devices. An X-band filter has been designed and demonstrated as an example. technology has been chosen because of its appealing advantages of easy fabrication, low cost, and most importantly, easy integration with active devices.

Keywords： 放大器；滤波–放大器集成；微带线；耦合矩阵    

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Correspondence: Monopulse transmitarray antenna fed by aperture-coupled microstrip structure Correspondence

Na KOU, Shixing YU, Zhao DING, Zhengping ZHANG,nkou@gzu.edu.cn,sxyu1@gzu.edu.cn,zding@gzu.edu.cn,zpzhang@gzu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 502-510 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000547

Abstract: Monopulse technique, also known as the simultaneous beam comparison method, is used mainly to measure the direction of arrival (DOA) (Sherman and Barton, 2011). Before the advent of monopulse technology, the method most widely used in radar direction finding was the lobe-switching technique (sequential lobing) (Lo, 1999). Compared with the sequential lobing method, the monopulse antenna can obtain information such as the pitch angle, azimuth angle, and distance of the target in a single pulse period (Vazquez-Roy et al., 2019). Due to the need for higher accuracy of angle measurement, the monopulse technique has been widely applied in SOTM missile guidance (Roy et al., 2019). When a monopulse system is working, multiple independent channels are adopted to receive signals reflected by targets at the same time. Then signals enter the comparator and finally the distance and angle information of targets can be obtained. There are three main types of monopulse antennas: lenses, reflectors, and arrays. A dielectric lens is generally a convex lens (Raman et al., 1998), which is difficult to manufacture due to its curved shape, high volume, and large mass. For common reflectors such as dish antennas, the feed and supporting structure are in front of the aperture, so a shielding effect will result in energy loss, sidelobe increase, and angle measurement error (Kou and Cheng, 2019). A more effective reflector is the Cassegrain antenna, which is more compact with dual reflectors (Zheng et al., 2016, 2017). However, the Cassegrain antenna has the problem of shielding effect caused by a secondary reflector and support rods. With growing demand for low cost and lightweight monopulse antennas in modern radar and telecommunications systems, array antennas are increasingly applied in monopulse antennas due to their characteristics of high gain and easy control of the beam direction. A typical example is the waveguide slot array, which has the advantages of low loss, low sidelobe level, and no aperture shielding problem (Vosoogh et al., 2018). The microstrip has attracted much attention in monopulse antennas because of its advantages of low profile, simple structure, and low cost (Yu et al., 2009; Kumar and Kumar, 2018). However, monopulse microstrip array antennas usually have a complex feed network, which often makes them large and expensive. In addition, substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) (Cao et al., 2017; Zhu et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019) and leaky wave antennas (LWAs) (Poveda-García et al., 2019) have been applied in monopulse antennas, with good results. Recently, reflectarrays have been proposed for use in monopulse antennas, and have shown good performance (Zhao et al., 2017, 2018). As an alternative to reflectarrays, transmitarrays not only have the advantages of reflectarrays, but also have no shielding effect from the feeds. Di Palma et al. (2016) proposed a 400-element reconfigurable transmitarray antenna to synthesize monopulse radiation patterns. However, the sum and difference patterns generated by the reconfigurable transmitarray antenna, which is controlled electronically by switches instead of by a SUM-DIFF comparator, are in time division.

Keywords： 孔径耦合；单脉冲天线；微带；透射阵列    

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Optimal design of a large dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with China-coverage patterns for satellite communications Research Articles

Gang ZHAO, Yong-chang JIAO, Guan-tao CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 159-173 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900496

Abstract: A large dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with China-coverage patterns in two operating bands is designed. To sufficiently compensate for the spatial phase delay differences in two operating bands separately, a three-layer rectangular patch element is addressed, which is suitable for the large dual-polarization reflectarray. Due to the complexly shaped areas and high gain requirements, there are more than 25 000 elements in the reflectarray, making it difficult to design, due to more than 150 000 optimization variables. First, the discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT) and the inverse DFFT are used to establish a one-to-one relationship between the aperture distribution and the far field, which lays a foundation for optimizing the shaped-beam reflectarray. The intersection approach, based on the alternating projection, is used to obtain the desired reflection phases of all the elements at some sample frequencies, and a new method for producing a suitable initial solution is proposed to avoid undesired local minima. To validate the design method, a dual-polarization shaped-beam reflectarray with 7569 elements is fabricated and measured. The measurement results are in reasonable agreement with the simulation ones. Then, for the large broadband reflectarray with the minimum differential spatial phase delays in the operating band, an approach for determining the optimal position of the feed is discussed. To simultaneously find optimal dimensions of each element in two orthogonal directions, we establish a new optimization model, which is solved by the regular polyhedron method. Finally, a dual-band dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with 25 305 elements is designed to cover the continent of China. Simulation results show that patterns of the reflectarray meet the China-coverage requirements in two operating bands, and that the proposed optimization method for designing large reflectarrays with complexly shaped patterns is reliable and efficient.

Keywords： Reflectarray     Dual-polarization     Shaped beam     Phase-only synthesis    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A microstrip filter direct-coupled amplifier based on active coupling matrix synthesis

Yang Gao, Fan Zhang, Yingying Qiao, Jiawei Zang, Lei Li, Xiaobang Shang,gaoyang678@outlook.com,lilei@zzu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Correspondence: Monopulse transmitarray antenna fed by aperture-coupled microstrip structure

Na KOU, Shixing YU, Zhao DING, Zhengping ZHANG,nkou@gzu.edu.cn,sxyu1@gzu.edu.cn,zding@gzu.edu.cn,zpzhang@gzu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Optimal design of a large dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with China-coverage patterns for satellite communications

Gang ZHAO, Yong-chang JIAO, Guan-tao CHEN

Journal Article