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Development of Marine Equipment for Underwater Stereoscopic Observation

Ma Rui, Zhao Xiutao, Liu Cungen

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 19-25 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.003

Abstract:

Establishing an underwater stereoscopic observation network to obtain scientific, real-time, and comprehensive data is an important direction for understanding and exploiting the ocean in the future. This study first analyzes the need and necessity of developing the underwater stereoscopic observation equipment, then introduces the development status of the equipment in China and abroad, further analyzes the problems faced by China’s field development, and presents the key breakthrough points of marine sensors which serve as the key link for underwater observation. China has made great progress in technologies regarding marine observation platforms, but it still lags behind the world advanced level in key marine sensors and high-precision sensors. The big data obtained from ocean observation does not match the actual demand, and the ocean sensors lack the support from an improved platform. To guide the long-term development of related fields, we suggest that China should support the efficient transformation of research results of key marine sensors, coordinate the management of the marine equipment for underwater stereoscopic observation, and establish a national public test platform for offshore instruments and equipment.

Keywords： ocean observation     sea floor observatory network     underwater vehicle     underwater sensor    

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A stepless-power-reconfigurable converter for a constant current underwater observatory Research Article

Yujia Zang, Yanhu Chen, Canjun Yang, Haoyu Zhang, Zhiyong Duan, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 12,   Pages 1551-1684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100259

Abstract: The conversion from constant current (CC) to constant voltage (CV) is one of the key technologies of CC systems. A with high stability and high reliability is usually used. Applications, however, are limited by high heat dissipation and low efficiency. In this paper, with an improved shunt regulation method, a novel concept of stepless power reconfiguration (SPR) for the CC/CV module is proposed. In cases with stable or slowly changing load, two modes of CC/CV conversion are proposed to reduce unnecessary power loss of the while being able to retain any operator-preset power margin in the system: (1) the manual SPR (MSPR) method based on single-loop control method; (2) the automatic SPR (ASPR) method based on inner-outer loop control method. The efficiency of the system is analyzed. How to select some key parameters of the system is discussed. Experimental results show that MSPR and ASPR are both effective and practical methods to reduce heat dissipation and improve the efficiency of the CC/CV module, while the high stability of the remains.

Keywords： 恒流/恒压转换；并联稳压器；无级功率重构；水下观测网    

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Research Progress of Marine Scientific Equipment and Development Recommendations in China

Song Xiancang, Du Junfeng, Wang Shuqing, Li Huajun

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 76-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.010

Abstract:

Marine scientific equipment is an essential tool for better understanding oceans, and it is also the foundation for exploiting and protecting oceans. This study analyzes the urgent requirements for developing highly efficient marine scientific equipment in China from four aspects, including understanding oceans, exploring oceans, protecting oceans, and maintaining ocean rights and interests. In addition, it provides reviews on the state-of-the-art techniques associated with the marine scientific observation platforms, namely air–sea interface observation platform, mobile underwater observation platform, and seafloor observation network system, in the countries that are believed to lead the field, and the development trends associated therewith are then identified. The remarkable achievements obtained in marine scientific equipment in China are presented such as the marine remote-sensing satellites, marine research ships, deep-diving submersibles, and seafloor observation networks. By comparing to the international advanced level, the issues China encountered in the general technologies, core equipment, and integrated system of marine scientific equipment are given. Several key development suggestions associated with the marine scientific equipment development in China are provided in terms of basic theories and key technologies, novel equipment development and achievement conversion, sharing mechanism and service platform, as well as international cooperation and standard system establishment, enabling the marine scientific equipment to better serve the implementation of the national marine power strategy.

Keywords： marine scientific equipment     deep-sea observation platform     air–sea interface observation     mobile underwater observation     seafloor observation network     equipment development    

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Optimal communication frequency for switching cabled ocean networks with commands carried over the power line Research Article

Yan-hu Chen, Yu-jia Zang, Jia-jie Yao, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 10,   Pages 1331-1343 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900125

Abstract: s with tree or ring topologies play an important role in real-time ocean exploration. Due to the time-consuming need for field maintenance, technology that can actively switch the power on/off on certain branches of the network becomes essential for enhancing the reliability and availability of the network. In this paper, a novel switching-control method is proposed, in which we invert the power transmission polarity and use the current on the power line as the digital signal at low frequency to broadcast information with the address and commands to the network, and the corresponding (BU) can decode and execute the switching commands. The cable’s parasitic parameters, the network scale, and the number of BUs, as the influencing factors of the on the power line, are theoretically studied and simulated. An optimized frequency that balances the executing accuracy and rate is calculated and proved on a simulated prototype. The results showed that the technology with optimized frequency can enhance the switching accuracy and configuring rate.

Keywords： 海缆开断；海洋观测网；分支单元；传输线理论；通信频率    

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Power system design for constant current subsea observatories Regular Article

Yan-hu Chen, Sa Xiao, De-jun Li,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn,sxiao@zju.edu.cn,li_dejun@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 11,   Pages 1505-1515 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800362

Abstract: Constant current power transmission is considered a good choice for subsea observatories due to its high resistance to shunt faults. A constant current subsea is planned to be constructed in the East China Sea. We discuss a constant current subsea system used for scientific experiments. The power system and its system are carefully designed. The power conversion method is challenging due to the use of constant current power, which is considerably different from traditional power systems. Thus, we adopt power compensation circuits in the conversion system to obtain a constant 48-V output for science users. A power management system that performs overvoltage protection and real-time monitoring and control of junction box is discussed. An innovative structure of a junction box is designed in consideration of a sealed working environment to extend the useful life of the junction box. Simulations and experiments reveal that the system has high efficiency and stability, especially in long-term applications.

Keywords： 海底观测网；电能变换；散热    

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Use of a coded voltage signal for cable switching and fault isolation in cabled seafloor observatories None

Zhi-feng ZHANG, Yan-hu CHEN, De-jun LI, Bo JIN, Can-jun YANG, Jun WANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 11,   Pages 1328-1339 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601843

Abstract:

Cabled seafloor observatories play an important role in ocean exploration for its long-term, real-time, and in-situ observation characteristics. In establishing a permanent, reliable, and robust seafloor observatory, a highly reliable cable switching and fault isolation method is essential. After reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of existing switching methods, we propose a novel active switching method for network configuration. Without additional communication path requirements, the switching method provides a way to communicate with a shore station through an existing power transmission path. A coded voltage signal with a distinct sequence is employed as the communication medium to transmit commands. The analysis of the maximum bit frequency of the voltage signals guarantees the accuracy of command recognition. A prototype based on the switching method is built and tested in a laboratory environment, which validated the functionality and reliability of the method.

Keywords： Cabled seafloor observatories     Cable switching and fault isolation     Coded voltage signal     Maximum bit frequency    

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Development Strategy for Marine Scientific Equipment and Technologies

Dong Sheng, Liao Zhenkun, Yu Liwei, Li Huajun

Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 3,   Pages 33-41 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.004

Abstract:

Marine research equipment is critical for the development of marine science. In recent years, China has made breakthroughs regarding the independent research and development of marine research equipment, and some types of the equipment have reached the advanced international level; however, technologies for the equipment still face various challenges. In this paper, the current status of the marine research equipment is reviewed, including research vessels, underwater vehicles, buoys, marine sensors, and marine observation networks. The problems encountered in the technical development of China’s marine research equipment are analyzed from the aspects of key components, technology research and development, data management, basic support, and demand matching. The future development trends are summarized, namely, green, unmanned, intelligent, and collaborative development for deep sea and polar sea research needs. Meanwhile, the key and core technologies for the overall and each category of marine research equipment are analyzed. To provide references for further promoting the rapid development of marine research equipment, the following development suggestions are proposed: sorting out the technical shortcomings, strengthening the coordination of resources to improve supporting capacity, improving the innovation mechanism to promote interdisciplinarity, strengthening the role of the market to promote the industrialization process, and relying on advanced scientific research platforms to expand international cooperation.

Keywords： marine scientific research     deep-sea equipment     polar marine equipment     marine observation system     intellectualization     equipment development    

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The application of marine meteorological observation in tropical cyclone data assimilation

Wan Qilin,He Jinhai

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 10,   Pages 33-42

Abstract:

Based on the current situation and development plan of marine meteorological observation, it is recognized that there is a need to develop appropriate data assimilation technology for enhancing the efficiency of data utilization. Only in that way, there is a chance to overcome the lack of observation, and to improve numerical weather prediction. In this paper, the multi scale/block batch wise data assimilation is suggested to perform the test of tropical cyclone data assimilation. The results show: the multi scale/block batch wise data assimilation can be appropriate for the data assimilation of tropical cyclone multi scale circulation, satisfy with the flow dependent background error covariance required by tropical cyclone data assimilation, also can use effectively the marine meteorological observation. By means of the multi scale/block batch wise data assimilation, to amplify the utilization of marine meteorological observation, it is an effective approach to obtain high quality tropical cyclone initial circulation.

Keywords： marine meteorological observation     the efficiency of data utilization     multi scale/block batch wise data assimilation     tropical cyclone initial circulation    

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Research Progress and Prospect of Marine Monitoring Instruments and Equipment in China

Wang Juncheng, Sun Jichang, Liu Yan, Liu Shixuan , Zhang Yingying , Chen Shizhe, Qi Suiping , Wang Bo, Li Yunzhou, Cao Xuan , Gao Yang, Zheng Liang

Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 3,   Pages 42-52 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.024

Abstract:

Marine monitoring instruments and equipments are crucial for understanding and managing the ocean. In recent years, significant achievements have been obtained in the technologies and application of marine monitoring instruments and equipments in China. However, China still lags behind developed countries in terms of core technologies and equipment for marine monitoring. This study analyzes the development requirements and development status of China’s marine monitoring instruments and equipment from the aspects of global ocean stereoscopic observation system, national nearshore operational observation system, and technologies and core equipment for marine environment monitoring and detection. Moreover, it elaborates on the problems existing in China’s marine monitoring instruments and equipment in terms of policies and mechanisms, original innovation and basic scientific research, common key technologies, technical standards and testing, as well as cincization and industrialization. Furthermore, we propose key development directions and several suggestions including (1) establishing an innovative system of marine monitoring instruments, (2) expanding the marine monitoring instrument industry, and (3) building a marine public test infrastructure, hoping to provide a reference for the development and research of China’s operational marine stereoscopic monitoring system.

Keywords： marine monitoring     instruments and equipments     global ocean stereoscopic observation system     national nearshore operational observation system    

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Review on the marine radioactive-pollution monitoring and assessment technology

Chen Liqi,He Jianhua1,Lin Wuhui,YuWen, MenWu

Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 10,   Pages 34-39

Abstract:

To review the marine radioactive-pollution monitoring and assessment technology, the sources and components of marine radioactivity were introduced; the development on the methods of marine radioactivity analysis and the technology of monitoring network were appreciated, and the possibility and importance on building the methodologies of non-human species radiation protection and assessment were discussed, including the assessment of marine radioactive-pollution. Some advice for developing marine radio-monitoring technology in China was proposed at last.

Keywords： radioactive-pollution     monitoring technology and network     assessment     ocean    

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Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information Article

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 615-626 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601029

Abstract: Controller area network (CAN) based fieldbus technologies have been widely used in networked manufacturing systems. As the information channel of the system, the reliability of the network is crucial to the system throughput, product quality, and work crew safety. However, due to the inaccessibility of the nodes’ internal states, direct assessment of the reliability of CAN nodes using the nodes’ internal error counters is infeasible. In this paper, a novel CAN node reliability assessment method, which uses node’s time to bus-off as the reliability measure, is proposed. The method estimates the transmit error counter (TEC) of any node in the network based on the network error log and the information provided by the observable nodes whose error counters are accessible. First, a node TEC estimation model is established based on segmented Markov chains. It considers the sparseness of the distribution of the CAN network errors. Second, by learning the differences between the model estimates and the actual values from the observable node, a Bayesian network is developed for the estimation updating mechanism of the observable nodes. Then, this estimation updating mechanism is transferred to general CAN nodes with no TEC value accessibility to update the TEC estimation. Finally, a node reliability assessment method is developed to predict the time to reach bus-off state of the nodes. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Experimental results show that the estimates using the proposed model agree well with actual observations.

Keywords： Controller area network (CAN)     Transmit error counter (TEC)     TEC value estimation     Bayesian network     Bus-off hitting time    

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The Sustainable Exploitation of Marine Fish Resources and the Research Directions of Science and Technology for Marine Fish

Lin Haoran

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 27-30

Abstract:

The implementation of proliferation and culture of marine fishes is the fundamental measure and effective avenue for the reasonable and sustainable exploitation of marine fish resources. Therefore, the establishment and development of modern techniques for the proliferation and culture of marine fishes is one of the important research areas in the marine biotechnology. The reproductive physiology and endocrinology, the growth and developmental biology, the immunology and the molecular biology are the theoretical basis of the proliferation and culture in marine fish. Deeply and systematically carrying out basic research and applied research of these disciplines nowadays has become the frontier and major research direction of the science and technology for marine fish.

Keywords： marine fish resource     sustainable exploitation proliferation and culture of marine fish     science and technology for marine fish     marine biotechnology    

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The Chinese polar atmospheric sciences observation engineering system

Lu LongHua,Bian Lingen

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 9,   Pages 72-84

Abstract:

The polar regions are located in the north and south ends on the earth, which are the key areas of global change research. To understand global change, especially the global climate change, it is needed to research on polar atmosphere. Chinese Arctic and Antarctic of scientific investigation started in 80s and 90s of last century. As a national action, by the end of 2011, 28 times Antarctic expeditions and 8 times Antarctic inland expeditions, and 4 time Arctic expeditions were organized. 3 Antarctic bases (Great Wall, Zhongshan and Kunlun) and 1 Arctic base (Yellow River) and 6 automatic weather stations were established. Formed by the manual weather station, automatic weather station and weather observation on the “Xuelong” icebreaker vessel as the main platform of the polar expedition of hardware support system. Chinese polar atmospheric science observation system is gradually formed including the meteorological operational observation and short term investigation study. Chinese polar meteorological expedition and research work has made great progress by the efforts near 30 years.

Keywords： Antarctic     Arctic     atmospheric sciences     observation engineering    

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A Survey of the Observability for Single Observer Passive Location

Deng Xinpu

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 11,   Pages 54-62

Abstract:

A basic requirement for passive state estimation using single observer is the existence of a unique tracking solution.  This leads to the question of observability. The target state is observable over the time interval if,  and only if,  it is uniquely determined by the measurements taken in that interval.  In this paper,  the state-observability problem for passive target tracking by angle measurements is analyzed using three methods: the geometrical method,  the elementary algebraic method and linear system method.  The observability for target tracking with frequency measurements is also analyzed.  Degree of observability is discussed.  And a concise review of papers on observability analysis is presented.

Keywords： passive location     TMA     observability    

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Satellite ocean exploration of space in China

Jiang Xingwei,Lin Mingsen,Liu Jianqiang

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 6,   Pages 56-62

Abstract:

This article reviews the developing tendency about the ocean exploration technology on the satellite remote sensing and its effect on the oceanic science. It looks back the developed status on the ocean satellite remote sensing technology, compares the domestic ocean remote sensing technology with overseas status simply and gives their differences. It presents the developing key technology in 2007—2020 years about our country's application technology on satellite ocean remote sensing. The first developing keystone about ocean remote sensing is to launch subsequence HY-1 satellite and HY-2 satellite. The satellite application will be stress on monitoring the ocean disaster such as red tide, overflow oil, water quality and sea ice etc. It is to table a proposal and policy about developing the application technology on the satellite remote sensing in our country.

Keywords： ocean satellite     remote sensing     great power of ocean    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Development of Marine Equipment for Underwater Stereoscopic Observation

Ma Rui, Zhao Xiutao, Liu Cungen

Journal Article

A stepless-power-reconfigurable converter for a constant current underwater observatory

Yujia Zang, Yanhu Chen, Canjun Yang, Haoyu Zhang, Zhiyong Duan, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Research Progress of Marine Scientific Equipment and Development Recommendations in China

Song Xiancang, Du Junfeng, Wang Shuqing, Li Huajun

Journal Article

Optimal communication frequency for switching cabled ocean networks with commands carried over the power line

Yan-hu Chen, Yu-jia Zang, Jia-jie Yao, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Power system design for constant current subsea observatories

Yan-hu Chen, Sa Xiao, De-jun Li,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn,sxiao@zju.edu.cn,li_dejun@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Use of a coded voltage signal for cable switching and fault isolation in cabled seafloor observatories

Zhi-feng ZHANG, Yan-hu CHEN, De-jun LI, Bo JIN, Can-jun YANG, Jun WANG

Journal Article

Development Strategy for Marine Scientific Equipment and Technologies

Dong Sheng, Liao Zhenkun, Yu Liwei, Li Huajun

Journal Article

The application of marine meteorological observation in tropical cyclone data assimilation

Wan Qilin,He Jinhai

Journal Article

Research Progress and Prospect of Marine Monitoring Instruments and Equipment in China

Wang Juncheng, Sun Jichang, Liu Yan, Liu Shixuan , Zhang Yingying , Chen Shizhe, Qi Suiping , Wang Bo, Li Yunzhou, Cao Xuan , Gao Yang, Zheng Liang

Journal Article

Review on the marine radioactive-pollution monitoring and assessment technology

Chen Liqi,He Jianhua1,Lin Wuhui,YuWen, MenWu

Journal Article

Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Journal Article

The Sustainable Exploitation of Marine Fish Resources and the Research Directions of Science and Technology for Marine Fish

Lin Haoran

Journal Article

The Chinese polar atmospheric sciences observation engineering system

Lu LongHua,Bian Lingen

Journal Article

A Survey of the Observability for Single Observer Passive Location

Deng Xinpu

Journal Article

Satellite ocean exploration of space in China

Jiang Xingwei,Lin Mingsen,Liu Jianqiang

Journal Article