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A general altitude-dependent path loss model for UAV-to-ground millimeter-wave communications Research Articles

Qiuming Zhu, Mengtian Yao, Fei Bai, Xiaomin Chen, Weizhi Zhong, Boyu Hua, Xijuan Ye,zhuqiuming@nuaa.edu.cn,yaomengtian@nuaa.edu.cn,baifei@nuaa.edu.cn,chenxm402@nuaa.edu.cn,zhongwz@nuaa.edu.cn,byhua@nuaa.edu.cn,yexijuan@nuaa.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 767-776 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000497

Abstract: A general empirical (PL) model for air-to-ground (A2G) millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels is proposed in this paper. Different from existing PL models, the new model takes the height factor of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into account, and divides the propagation conditions into three cases (i.e., line-of-sight, reflection, and diffraction). A map-based deterministic PL prediction algorithm based on the (RT) technique is developed, and is used to generate numerous PL data for different cases. By fitting and analyzing the PL data under different scenarios and UAV heights, model parameters are provided. Simulation results show that the proposed model can be effectively used to predict PL values for both low- and high-altitude cases. The prediction results of the proposed model better match the RT-based calculation results than those of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) model and the close-in model. The standard deviation of the PL is also much smaller. Moreover, the new model is flexible and can be extended to other A2G scenarios (not included in this paper) by adjusting the parameters according to the simulation or measurement data.

Keywords: 传播损耗;无人机对地信道;毫米波通信信道;射线追踪;高度相关    

Machine learning based altitude-dependent empirical LoS probability model for air-to-ground communications Research Article

Minghui PANG, Qiuming ZHU, Zhipeng LIN, Fei BAI, Yue TIAN, Zhuo LI, Xiaomin CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 9,   Pages 1378-1389 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200041

Abstract: Line-of-sight (LoS) probability prediction is critical to the performance optimization of wireless communication systems. However, it is challenging to predict the LoS probability of air-to-ground (A2G) communication scenarios, because the altitude of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or other aircraft varies from dozens of meters to several kilometers. This paper presents an altitude-dependent empirical LoS probability model for A2G scenarios. Before estimating the model parameters, we design a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) based strategy to classify LoS and non-LoS (NLoS) paths. Then, a two-layer back propagation neural network (BPNN) based parameter estimation method is developed to build the relationship between every model parameter and the UAV altitude. Simulation results show that the results obtained using our proposed model has good consistency with the (RT) data, the measurement data, and the results obtained using the standard models. Our model can also provide wider applicable altitudes than other LoS probability models, and thus can be applied to different altitudes under various A2G scenarios.

Keywords: Line-of-sight probability model     Air-to-ground channel     Machine learning     Ray tracing    

Study on wettability of tangential sections of moso bamboo with different pole heights

Zhang Qiaoling,Zhou Hongwei,Liang Tingbin,Tong Xueyan and Zeng Qinzhi

Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 4,   Pages 56-59

Abstract:

This paper studied the wettability of H2O,phenol formaldehyde adhesive (PF),urea- formaldehyde adhesive (UF) and modified soy- based adhesive (MSA) in tangential sections of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys Pubescen) with different pole heights. Through measuring contact angles of four kinds of liquids on the tangential sections of moso bamboo,the dynamic wetting model was built,and the effects on the wettability of these liquids on the tangential sections with different pole heights and the differences of the wetting performance of these liquids on the tangential section of moso bamboo were analyzed.

Keywords: moso bamboo     pole height     tangential section     contact angle     wettability    

HY-2A radar altimeter design and in flight results

Xu Ke,Liu Heguang,Jiang Jingshan

Strategic Study of CAE 2013, Volume 15, Issue 7,   Pages 25-32

Abstract:

HY-2A is the first satellite for oceanic dynamic environment measurement of China. As one of main payloads of HY-2A, HY-2A radar altimeter has obtained successive measurement data after the launch. The accuracy of HY-2A radar altimeter is better than 4 cm (at 20 m significant wave height) or 2 cm (at 4 m significant wave height), which is close to that of Jason-2 satellite altimeter. In this paper, the design and in flight preliminary results of HY-2A radar altimeter are introduced.

Keywords: radar altimeter     HY-2A satellite     operation in flight    

Design of altimeter sea surface height calibration buoy based on GPS

Chen Chuntao,Yan Longhao,Zhang Xiaoxu,Zhang Qian,Zhai Wanlin,Zhu Jianhua

Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 109-112

Abstract:

GPS buoy is the important instrument for the calibration of altimeter sea surface height. This paper introduces the composition and operating principle of GPS buoy, and describes in detail the design of shape, cabin, leak-proofness, and current supply. And finally used the numerical simulation, the rock and undulation of GPS buoy were experimented in the 3 class sea state condition. The result shows that designed GPS buoy can meet the challenge of altimeter sea surface height calibration on the sea experiment condition.

Keywords: Satellite altimeter     calibration     GPS buoy     numerical simulation    

Verification of HY-2 satellite radar altimeter wind retrieval

Jia Yongjun,Zhang Youguang,Lin Mingsen

Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 54-59

Abstract:

Sea surface wind speed has a very important role in the transfer of kinetic energy in the ocean, and the exchange of the matter and energy in the air-sea surface. The HY-2 satellite altimeter provides sea surface height, significant wave height, sea surface wind speed. And the accuracy of the wind speed affects the users’ application. In this study, the two-parameter algorithm is used to get the wind speed from HY-2 satellite radar altimeter. The correctness of this algorithm is calculated using the Jason-1 and HY-2 scatterometer data qualitatively. Three different methods(cross-over method, NDBC) are used respectively to evaluate this algorithm.

Keywords: wind speed retrieval     two-parameter algorithm     radar altimeter     HY-2    

The Characteristic of Spectrum and Self-correlation of Some Boolean Fuctions Linearly Equivalent to Specific Cryptographic Functions

Yang Rui,Zeng Bensheng,Li Shiqu

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 11,   Pages 60-65

Abstract:

The paper made an analysis of the similarities and differences about the cryptographic properties of two Boolean functions in the sense of linearly equivalence, and obtained a sufficient and necessary condition about a Boolean function linearly equivalent to some m order correlation-immune Boolean function. It also obtained a sufficient and necessary condition about a Boolean function linearly equivalent to some Boolean function satisfying the k order propagation criterion. Moreover, it showed an example,in which a given Boolean function, that is not correlation-immuned and does not satisfy the propagation criterion can be constructed into a correlation-immuned Boolean function that can satisfy the propagation criterion and is linearly equivalent to the former one.

Keywords: linear equivalence     Walsh cycle spectrum     self-correlation function     correlation-immunity     propagation criterion     SAC    

Research on the relationship between Hengsha land formation and development and relevant planning

Ruan Wei,Lou Fei

Strategic Study of CAE 2013, Volume 15, Issue 6,   Pages 79-85

Abstract:

In this paper, on the basis of natural river regime evolution and relevant planning, the relationship ,between the Hengsha land formation and development and natural river regime evolution in the Yangtze river estuary,a number of plannings including integrated remediation project,waterway development,marine functional,environmental protection,land reclamation,port construction, has been researched.

Keywords: Yangtze river estuary     Hengsha     land formation and development     relevant planning    

HY-2A satellite radar altimeter error correction algorithm and verification

Zhang Youguan,Jia Yongjun,Fan Chenqing,Zhang Jie and Lin Mingsen

Strategic Study of CAE 2013, Volume 15, Issue 7,   Pages 53-61

Abstract:

There are many factors affecting the height accuracy of satillite radar altimeter. The dry troposphere delays, wet troposphere delays, invert barometer delays, ionosphere delays, and sea state bias influence the computational accuracy directly. The error correction algorithms for the HY-2A satellite radar altimeter were conducted in this research. And, these algorithms were vertified using the more mature foreign satellite data such as Jason-1/2 and T/P. The results show that the HY-2A error correction algorithms can meet the accuracy requirements.

Keywords: altimeter error correction     HY-2A satellite radar altimeter    

Target height and multipath attenuation joint estimation with complex scenarios for very high frequency radar Research Articles

Sheng CHEN, Yongbo ZHAO, Yili HU, Chenghu CAO, Xiaojiao PANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 6,   Pages 937-949 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100003

Abstract:

for is a difficult problem due to the in the radar field, especially in where the reflection condition is unknown. To deal with this problem, we propose an algorithm of target height and multipath attenuation joint estimation. The amplitude of the surface reflection coefficient is estimated by the characteristic of the data itself, and it is assumed that there is no reflected signal when the amplitude is very small. The phase of the surface reflection coefficient and the phase difference between the direct and reflected signals are searched as the same part, and this represents the multipath phase attenuation. The Cramer-Rao bound of the proposed algorithm is also derived. Finally, computer simulations and real data processing results show that the proposed algorithm has good estimation performance under and works well with only one snapshot.

Keywords: Low-angle estimation     Very high frequency (VHF) radar     Complex scenarios     Multipath effect     Height estimation    

Nonlinear Size-dependent Study of Ultra-thin Elastic Film With Surface Effect

Huang Dianwu,Li Yuanjun,Li Kai

Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 54-59

Abstract:

A new nano-scale plate-like model in which the influence of surface effect and the geometrically nonlinear condition are considered is introduced on the basis of Mindlin theory. By using Hamilton's principle, the governing equations are derived. The residue membrane force and bending moment, which are caused by the surface stresses, are explicitly expatiated. After analyzing the membrane force and bending moment, it can be obtained that they are dependent on the deformation of the film and are accordant to classical plate theory. The model is then applied to analyze the bending and buckling of simply supported micro- and nano-films in plane strains . Differing from the conventional plate theory, the proposed model and solutions involve the intrinsic scale and depend on the thickness of the film. Thus, it can be found that when the thickness of,the film is equal to or less than the intrinsic scale, the surface effect is strongly sensitive to the thickness of the film.

Keywords: thin elastic film     geometrically nonlinear     surface effect     intrinsic scale     size-dependence    

Frequency-domain Analysis of ECG Signals

Tu Chengyuan,Zeng Yanjun,Li Shuxin

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 12,   Pages 66-70

Abstract:

A new simple approach to effectively detect QRS — T complexes in ECG curve is described, so as to easily get the P-wave (when AF does not happen) or the f-wave (when AF happens). By means of signal processing techniques such as the power spectrum function, the auto-correlation function and cross-correlation function, two kinds of ECG signals when AF does or does not happen were successively analyzed, showing the evident differences between them.

Keywords: ECG curve     P-wave     f-wave     AF (atrial fibrillation)     histogram     power spectrum     autocorrelation     cross-correlation    

An intuitive general rank-based correlation coefficient Research Articles

Divya PANDOVE, Shivani GOEL, Rinkle RANI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 6,   Pages 699-711 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601549

Abstract: Correlation analysis is an effective mechanism for studying patterns in data and making predictions. Many interesting discoveries have been made by formulating correlations in seemingly unrelated data. We propose an algorithm to quantify the theory of correlations and to give an intuitive, more accurate correlation coefficient. We propose a predictive metric to calculate correlations between paired values, known as the general rank-based correlation coefficient. It fulfills the five basic criteria of a predictive metric: independence from sample size, value between 1 and 1, measuring the degree of monotonicity, insensitivity to outliers, and intuitive demonstration. Furthermore, the metric has been validated by performing experiments using a real-time dataset and random number simulations. Mathematical derivations of the proposed equations have also been provided. We have compared it to Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The comparison results show that the proposed metric fares better than the existing metric on all the predictive metric criteria.

Keywords: General rank-based correlation coefficient     Multivariate analysis     Predictive metric     Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient    

Dynamic relationship analysis among parties of the low-carbon building

Liu Hongyong,Zheng Junwei,Lin Cheng

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 12,   Pages 94-99

Abstract:

According to the definition of academic circles about low carbon building, the definition of this paper are made from the special aspect and general aspect combined with the understanding of the energy saving building and low carbon building. It systematically analyzes the stakeholders based on the perspective of life cycle, including government, developer, design organization, construction organization, provider, consultation unit, technology development institution, evaluation testing institution, department of property management and public, puts forward to the diagram of the relationships among the stakeholders, and designs the causal dynamic relationship diagram about each stage, which are decision making stage, design stage, construction stage, operation stage and scrap processing stage, and analyzes the dynamic relationship among the parties.

Keywords: low-carbon building     stakeholders     causal relation diagram     dynamic analysis    

Comparison of wind speed from 3 main payloads of HY-2 satellite

Jia Yongjun,Liu Jianqiang,Lin Mingsen,Zhang Youguang

Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 27-32

Abstract:

Sea surface wind speed has a very important role in the transfer of kinetic energy in the ocean, and the exchange of the matter and energy in the air-sea surface. There are three payloads on HY-2 satellite which can be used to detect the sea surface wind speed. The payloads are radar altimeter, microwave scatterometer and scanning microwave radiometer. The difference is that altimeter can measure the wind speed at the nadir point of the HY-2 satellite, microwave scatterometer can detect the wide swath wind field, and radiometer can measure the wide swath wind speed only. In order to analyze the capacity of the three payloads, in this study, the Usagi Typhoon is selected for comparing the ability of the three payloads to measure the wind speed. It turned out that when the wind speed is smaller than 20 m/s, the wind from altimeter is much the same as from microwave scatterometer. The standard deviation is less than 2 m/s. But when speed is between 20 m/s and 35 m/s, the wind speed of altimeter is close to the radiometer. Only the scanning microwave radiometer can be able to detect the wind speed larger than 35 m/s. Before using it to measure the wind speed larger than 35 m/s, we have to assess the accuracy of measurement.

Keywords: wind speed     radar altimeter     HY-2    

Title Author Date Type Operation

A general altitude-dependent path loss model for UAV-to-ground millimeter-wave communications

Qiuming Zhu, Mengtian Yao, Fei Bai, Xiaomin Chen, Weizhi Zhong, Boyu Hua, Xijuan Ye,zhuqiuming@nuaa.edu.cn,yaomengtian@nuaa.edu.cn,baifei@nuaa.edu.cn,chenxm402@nuaa.edu.cn,zhongwz@nuaa.edu.cn,byhua@nuaa.edu.cn,yexijuan@nuaa.edu.cn

Journal Article

Machine learning based altitude-dependent empirical LoS probability model for air-to-ground communications

Minghui PANG, Qiuming ZHU, Zhipeng LIN, Fei BAI, Yue TIAN, Zhuo LI, Xiaomin CHEN

Journal Article

Study on wettability of tangential sections of moso bamboo with different pole heights

Zhang Qiaoling,Zhou Hongwei,Liang Tingbin,Tong Xueyan and Zeng Qinzhi

Journal Article

HY-2A radar altimeter design and in flight results

Xu Ke,Liu Heguang,Jiang Jingshan

Journal Article

Design of altimeter sea surface height calibration buoy based on GPS

Chen Chuntao,Yan Longhao,Zhang Xiaoxu,Zhang Qian,Zhai Wanlin,Zhu Jianhua

Journal Article

Verification of HY-2 satellite radar altimeter wind retrieval

Jia Yongjun,Zhang Youguang,Lin Mingsen

Journal Article

The Characteristic of Spectrum and Self-correlation of Some Boolean Fuctions Linearly Equivalent to Specific Cryptographic Functions

Yang Rui,Zeng Bensheng,Li Shiqu

Journal Article

Research on the relationship between Hengsha land formation and development and relevant planning

Ruan Wei,Lou Fei

Journal Article

HY-2A satellite radar altimeter error correction algorithm and verification

Zhang Youguan,Jia Yongjun,Fan Chenqing,Zhang Jie and Lin Mingsen

Journal Article

Target height and multipath attenuation joint estimation with complex scenarios for very high frequency radar

Sheng CHEN, Yongbo ZHAO, Yili HU, Chenghu CAO, Xiaojiao PANG

Journal Article

Nonlinear Size-dependent Study of Ultra-thin Elastic Film With Surface Effect

Huang Dianwu,Li Yuanjun,Li Kai

Journal Article

Frequency-domain Analysis of ECG Signals

Tu Chengyuan,Zeng Yanjun,Li Shuxin

Journal Article

An intuitive general rank-based correlation coefficient

Divya PANDOVE, Shivani GOEL, Rinkle RANI

Journal Article

Dynamic relationship analysis among parties of the low-carbon building

Liu Hongyong,Zheng Junwei,Lin Cheng

Journal Article

Comparison of wind speed from 3 main payloads of HY-2 satellite

Jia Yongjun,Liu Jianqiang,Lin Mingsen,Zhang Youguang

Journal Article