Cellular transplantation is emerging as a potential treatment. It can augment cell number in diseased organs, and has shown early promising. However cell therapy is partially hindered by immunological rejection, cellular source, and medical ethics. Bone marrow cells can be easily obtained from adult marrow, opening the possibility of autologous transplantation. Autologous cell transplantation for the treatment of damaged organs is becoming an increasingly promising strategy. This review summarizes the field of cell transplantation over the past decade, discusses areas of controversy, and proposes an outline of advancements that need to be made in both the clinical and scientific arenas for autologous cell transplantation to fully reach its clinical potential. It also discusses the current status of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation with emphases on approaches to stem cell mobilization.
In recent two decades, systematic science and system engineering received much attention and developed quickly in China. Systematic engineering management of resources(SEMR) is a new branch of interdisciplinary in the field of resources. Facing with the reality of population expansion, environmental pollution, ecological deterioration as well as fast development of technologies both in the world and China, it is necessary to establish the systematic engineering management of resources with a series of new conceptions, with is based on carrying capacity of natural resources, and is different from traditional engineering management which is based on mechanical carrying capacity, in order to deal with the above mentioned problems in an all-round, harmonious and sustainable way. Although immense building like water dam may not appear, systematic engineering management of resources includes comprehensive non-traditional engineering approaches like institution, economy, technology and ecology, and can solve the problems more scientifically. “Beijing water resources management Plan” (BWRMP) in the 21st century is a real example of application of the systematic engineering management of resources.
As a first-level scientific discipline listed in the Chinese National Standard GB/T13745-1992, the Code and Classification for Disciplines, safety science has its own research object, i. e. the accidents, incidents or near misses occurring in a wide range of human activities. Its aim of research is to prevent all accidents and control loss caused by accidents. By combination of fundamental principles of accident prevention and its investigating tools, which includes natural sciences, e.g. mathematics, physics, chemistry and social sciences, like managerial science and psychology, a system of applied safety sciences has been formed. And, when this system is applied in different fields, a different system of sub-system of safety sciences can be created, e. g. public safety, city security and safety, occupational health and safety—a most sophisticated subject in safety science. By careful examination, comprehensive analysis of many contributions by scientists in accident and injury prevention field, 6 basic concepts and 3 axioms have been identified by the authors, which can be used to structure the frame of safety science.
The paper gives an observation and review of serious arguments on the way in development of China's auto industry, presents some points on the way out for the auto industry, and explains that China will be able to march on the sustainable development path through balancing win-win cooperation against selfreliance.
Freshwater resources are the material basis for human subsistence and economic and social development. The problem of water resources is very severe in the process of development in the northwestern region of China. This paper further discusses the problem concerning the implementation of the uprinciple of harmonious co-existence of man and nature” during the development of the northwestern region, and suggests that in the process of exploitation and utilization of water resources in the northwestern region it is necessary to consider issues from the fact that the region has only a small total amount of water resource but very large annual evaporation and very small annual precipitation. Efforts should be made to broaden sources of water and economize on water, prevent various kinds of waste of water resources, raise the effectiveness of water use, reduce water pollution, recover water resources and improve the environment. It is advisable to take actively the way of “storing water under the ground”，expanding groundwater and developing groundwater rationally, and meanwhile to adhere to expanding usable freshwater resources continuously.
The distribution function is an important tool for the study of the stochastic variances. The normal distribution is very popular in the nature and human society. The idea of membership functions is the foundation of the fuzzy sets theory. While the fuzzy theory is widely used, the completely certain membership function which has no any fuzziness at all has been the bottleneck of the applications of this theory. Cloud models are effective tools in transforming between qualitative concepts and their quantitative expressions. It can represent the fuzziness and randomness and their relations of uncertain concepts. Also cloud models can show the concept granularity in multi-scale spaces by the digital characteristic Entropy (En). The normal cloud models not only broaden the formation conditions of the normal distribution but also make the normal membership function be the expectation of the random membership degree. In this paper, the universality of the normal cloud model is proved,which is more superior and easier, and can fit the fuzziness and gentleness in human cognizing process. It would be more applicable and universal in the representation of uncertain notions.
A bench-scale laboratory cell of 100 A was tested using cryolite-alumina electrolyte at 960℃ in a graphite crucible. The cell was built with a graphite cathode of 120 mm×40 mm×20 mm and a Fe - Ni - Co -Al2O3 cermet inert anode of 120 mm×80 mm×15 mm. The purity of aluminum metal produced was 98%〜99%, the impurities were mainly Fe, Ni and Co. The anode gas consisted of 98%〜99% O2 which was analyzed with an Orsat apparatus. The back EMF value of the cell was 2.45 V at 960℃ , which was 0.25 V higher than the theoretical alumina decomposition potential 2.2 V. After 10 hour's electrolysis, the anode was only little corroded. Hence it was confirmed that the electrochemical reaction occurred in the electrolysis cell was the decomposition of Al2O3 in the bath and the anode used was inert.
First of all this paper introduces the composition and the principle of agent and makes thorough analysis of modeling process of military large-scale complex system, then presents the modeling and simulating result of the military large-scale complex system, and makes an analysis of the simulating result.
Pressed ventilation in heading face is actually a restrained wall-attached jet ventilation in confined space. In this paper, based on hydrcxlynamic and jet theory, the turbulence k-ε model of restrained wall-attached jet ventilation in heading face is set up and calculation boundary is analyzed. Combining with practice, and using PHOENICS3. 4 software of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), three - dimensional airflow field of the jet ventilation in heading face is simulated. The flow field characteristics such as the flow field zoning, the starting segment of jet, the attaching course of jet and the changing pattern of jet velocity are obtained by numerical simulation. According to result of numerical simulation, there are four zones in heading face, i. e. wall-attached jet zone, impact jet wall-attached zone, back flow zone and eddy zone. The starting segment length of attached jet is shorter than thar of free attached jet. After wall-attached jet formed completely, the axis velocity of wall is higher than that in air outlet. The result of numerical simulation agrees with that of experiment, which provides a dependable basis for further study of the air mass transport process, the reason of methane accumulation and the efficiency of air displacement in heading face.
Aiming at the disadvantages of current handoff mechanisms in micro-mobility protocols, active handoff mechanism is proposed. This mechanism takes advantage of mobility prediction technique to predict the next cell a mobile host will handoff to and the handoff time before the handoff really happens and establish the new path for the mobile host in advance. To guarantee the implementation of active handoff mechanism, a mobility prediction algorithm is proposed which is suitable for active handoff mechanism and easy to implement. Meanwhile the methods to avoid packet loss and packet duplication in active handoff procedure are proposed. The performance of active handoff mechanism is evaluated through theoretical analysis and system simulation. The result shows that active handoff mechanism obtains considerable performance improvement with less cost.
This paper presents the basic concept of Vague sets and their operation based on fuzzy set theory. The Vague clustering method, Vague multi-criterion decision-making, Vague graphics and their applications in the contemporary logistic are discussed. At last an example of Vague sets in logistic alterative selection according to the positive and negative utility is presented.
Based on fire growth probability and burned area, the method for evaluating burned area in building fire is presented in this paper. According to fire dynamics and different characteristics in fire growth process, the process is divided into four phases. By means of probability theory and event tree analysis, fire growth probability and critical time of every phase are calculated. Average burned area of building can be evaluated.
The northeastern oil pipeline network is the largest regional oil pipeline system in China. As for its operational actuality on the basis of the peak - valley price, the optimization of the daily operation scheme is presented. Virtually, the advantage of the valley price is used to increase the oil throughput rate in the valley period, and accordingly the daily energy consumption cost is lowered. Aiming at the problem the linear programming mathematic model is formulated in this paper. By means of this method, the analysis is carried out for Tieling-Qinhuangdao hot oil pipeline under different daily throughput rates. Some fundamental rules for the optimization of the daily operation scheme based on the peak-valley price are found from the computed results. At the same time, it is shown that the optimal scheme will reduce energy cost of the network to some extent. However, this method is subject to the operational characteristics of the pipeline to some degree. Thus, it is more applicable to the isothermal pipeline than the hot oil pipeline.
The problem of hydrogeological parameter identification is actually a complex one. With the limit of identifying the parameter by traditional methods, the radial basis function neural networks (RBF) is applied into this area. Not only the parameter identification is automatically realized, but also th.e problem of local optimization is solved. The feasibility and effectiveness have been proved by the examples.
Surface ship recognition is an important contents of navy's aviation probe. This text discussed the principle, characteristics and calculating step of SGA, and applied this calculating way to surface ship recognition. The experiment results proved the scientificalness and the practical applicability of that methoded.
The Three Gorges Project (TGP) is the largest concrete structure in the current world. The Project, with a total amount of approximately 28 million m3 of concrete, is characterized by complicated structure, intensive construction and high technical standards, which should not only meet the requirements for stability but also meet the special requirements for flood releasing, power generation and navigation improvement. Through a decade of engineering practice, a management mode with the TGP's characteristics has been formed in the TGP construction management. Various new techniques and technologies have been used to ensure the concrete quality. Design, construction and management measures adopted for the concrete works of the Project are discussed in this article on an overall basis.
Using the factor analysis approach, the paper makes quantitative analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the 51 manufacturing enterprises in Tianjin in terms of informatizatton. Then, the method of cluster analysis is adopted to classify enterprises in order to find out their advantages and disadvantages, and to provide a scientific basis for the informatization development in manufacturing enterprises.
In this paper, an axiomatic system for the definition of degree of greyness of grey number is built based on discussion with two definitions of degree of greyness of grey number which have been put forward in the past. Taking axioms as the criterion for definition of degree of grayness of grey number, a new formula for definition of degree of grayness of grey number has been formed with measure of the right range of grey number and the background or field which is brought about by the grey number. The degree of uncertainty of grey number is described scientifically, and some problems present in old definitions have been surmounted in new definition.
This Issue
Aug 2004, Volume 6 Issue 8