检索范围:
排序: 展示方式:
李莉,苗青,佟文强,宋飞,徐海红,梁静华
《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第2期 页码 47-51
天然气水合物浆液流变学研究综述 Perspective
Ahmad A.A. Majid, David T. Wu, Carolyn A. Koh
《工程(英文)》 2018年 第4卷 第3期 页码 321-329 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.05.017
基于BH-1模拟月壤的低碱高强地聚合物的制备与表征 Article
周思齐, 鲁乘鸿, 朱兴一, 李峰
《工程(英文)》 2021年 第7卷 第11期 页码 1631-1645 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.016
魏宸官
《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第1期 页码 18-23
系统和全面地介绍了一门新兴的高新技术--电流变技术,详细说明了该项技术的发展历史、特征、机理、现状、存在问题以及今后在我国发展该项技术的几点建议。
张劲军
《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第6期 页码 71-76
我国所产原油80%以上为凝点较高的含蜡原油和粘稠的重质原油,其节能、安全输送一直是我国油气储运界面临的主要技术难题。简要介绍了这两类原油的流动特性及机理,概括了原油降凝减阻输送技术研究和应用的现状,分析了其发展趋势,提出了进一步研究需重点解决的问题。预计化学降凝剂改性仍将是含蜡原油节能安全输送技术的发展方向,目前需重点攻克大庆原油改性的难关;稠油乳化降粘减阻技术将得到更多的应用,在我国目前应重点针对海上油田的油水混输管道开展研究。
崔秀国,张劲军
《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第7期 页码 77-83
我国生产的原油大多为含蜡原油,加热输送是含蜡原油的主要输送方式。埋地热含蜡原油管道的运行中涉及若干复杂的非稳态传热问题。从管内原油传热(内部传热)和管道与外部环境的传热(外部传热)两方面,分析和总结了含蜡原油管道非稳态传热问题的研究现状,介绍了管道在土壤中传热的影响因素,比较了其各种解析和数值解法,阐述了管道停输状态下管内含蜡原油相变传热的规律及研究方法,讨论了非稳定流动状态下管内油流的水力—热力耦合问题及求解方法,指出了埋地热含蜡原油管道的非稳态传热方面需进一步研究的问题。
材料、能源、机械工程中高效的电流变技术——从机理到应用 Review
梁宇岱, 黄东阳, 周雪峰, 汪子秋, 时权, 方雅莹, 蒲华燕, 张萌颖, 巫金波, 温维佳
《工程(英文)》 2023年 第24卷 第5期 页码 151-171 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.01.014
电流变(ER)技术是一种基于电流变效应的先进技术。电流变技术中最常见的材料是电流变液(ERF)。电流变液是一种软物质智能材料,可以通过施加电场来可逆地调节其黏度。电流变液的衍生物,即一种新型的电响应软物质材料——电流变弹性体(ERE),由于其不沉降、易封装的优点也得到了越来越多的关注。电流变材料由于其可逆可调、快速响应、低能耗等特性在机械工程中有着广泛的应用。除了基础的电流变材料的合成和应用以外,电流变技术还应用在了能源材料制备、石油运输、储能等诸多领域。电流变技术在能源领域的应用为其在其他领域的潜在应用提供了一个很好的范例。本文结合最新的研究成果,从机理到应用,系统地综述了电流变技术在材料、能源和机械工程等领域的研究现状和未来发展前景。
刘礼华,熊威,张宏志,张清江
《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第8期 页码 69-71
给出了用三参量流变模型研究止水橡胶粘弹性的基本表达式。结合某高水头闸门 止水材料的粘弹性试验,得到了所采用橡胶材料的流变参数,并指出了其蠕变变形和应力松弛变化的规律,为工程设计提供参考依据。
水波与淤泥质底床相互作用数值模拟——基于滞后回路特征的淤泥体流变模型
齐鹏,侯一筠
《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第4期 页码 39-45
应用一个滞后回路特征的半经验的淤泥体流变模型描述表面水波作用下底床软泥层的振荡运动,建立了表面水波与淤泥质底床相互作用的垂向二维耦合模型。
代谢组扩展生物学的“旁中心法则”——对理解基因组学-糖组学-代谢组学-表观基因组学互作的意义
Albert Stuart Reece
《工程(英文)》 2023年 第26卷 第7期 页码 16-16 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.011
The central dogma of biology holds that the transcription of DNA into RNA and the translation of RNA into proteins forms the primary axis of biological activity [1]. Following major advances in the description of the complex glycan and lipid chains that are added onto these basic building blocks, the glycome and lipidome have recently been added to this doctrine as an exciting new extension named the ‘‘paracentral dogma” [2]. However, it has been pointed out that biological systems can include many layers, which are described in modern omics technology platforms relating to both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic layers of control, including metabolomic, microbiomic, immunological, epigenomic, epitranscriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic layers [3].
It is well known that stem and progenitor cells have a metabolism that is based on glycolysis and glutaminolysis [4]. Although this provides less energy to the cell than oxidative phosphorylation, it suffices for these cells’ needs, since such cells are generally relatively quiescent and normally suppress energy-intensive processes such as genome duplication and transcription. Moreover, it has been shown that the high intracellular lactate levels involved in such states not only inhibits the key gatekeeper enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., pyruvate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyl acyltransferase) but also actually covalently modifies them by lactylation in order to maintain this inhibited metabolic–epigenomic state [5]. In addition, intermediate metabolism and nutrients are the source of the very extensive library of post-translational modifications to DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as supplying cellular energy for many of the required reactions. Hence, the metabolic state locks in and reinforces the epigenomic state, and the metabolome and epigenome thereby play mutually reinforcing roles. This self-reinforcing coordination explains why it is so difficult to generate induced pluripotent cells and is a contributory explanation for why the described protocols typically have such low cellular yields.
These concepts become even more important when it is considered that cancer cells are de-differentiated, similarly rely on glycolysis and glutaminolysis, and are similarly metabolically–epigenomically–genomically synchronized. The disruption of this metabolic system is a key focus of mechanistic cancer research.
These important considerations imply that the descriptive and predictive power of the newly described ‘‘paracentral dogma” of biology may be usefully and meaningfully extended by including the metabolome, along with the genome, transcriptome, proteome, glycome, and lipidome, to describe cell-intrinsic regulation—not only in terms of another omics analytical layer but also as a fully predictive and interactive partner in the symphonic-like multilayer coordination that evidently comprises cellular regulatory layering.
新孢子虫病——分子流行病学及发病机制综述 Review
Asis Khan, Jahangheer S. Shaik, Patricia Sikorski, Jitender P. Dubey, Michael E. Grigg
《工程(英文)》 2020年 第6卷 第1期 页码 10-19 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.010
工业5.0——仿生学和合成生物学的关联及内涵 Artical
Peter Sachsenmeier
《工程(英文)》 2016年 第2卷 第2期 页码 225-229 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.015
仿生学(模仿生物特殊本领的学科) 以及合成生物学,将和过去50年的硅芯片一样与工程开发、工业发展产生紧密联系。化学工业已经将白色生物技术应用于新工艺、新材料和资源的可持续利用中。合成生物学也已经应用到第二代生物燃料的发展中,并利用特制的微生物或生物制催化剂获取太阳能。而仿生学在制药、处理工程以及DNA存储领域的市场潜力是巨大的。这些研究将给生物学带来新思考。生物工程将和今天的数字化技术一样驱动创新。本文讨论了生物工程,特别是碳基生物燃料的应用和细胞饰变的技术与风险。大数据、分析学和海量存储将是未来的发展方向。虽然合成生物学在未来50年将和当今的数字化一样普遍且具有革新能力,但是目前它的应用和影响力还处在初级阶段。本文采用了将生物工程发展分为五个阶段(DNA分析、生物回路、最小基因组、原始细胞、异源生物学)的普遍分类方法,阐述了其对安全与保障、工业发展以及生物工程和生物技术作为跨学科领域发展的影响,同时讨论了伦理问题及公众对仿生学和合成生物学结果的公众讨论的重要性
关键词: 仿生学 合成生物学 生物工程 生物传感器 生物燃料 生物武器 虚拟进化 原始细胞 异种细胞 经济意义 工业5.0 德国 中国
孟心斋,孟昭焱
《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第3期 页码 49-52
人类蛋白质N-糖基化的十二年全基因组关联研究 Review
Anna Timoshchuk, Sodbo Sharapov, Yurii S. Aulchenko
《工程(英文)》 2023年 第26卷 第7期 页码 17-31 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.013
Most human-secreted and membrane-bound proteins have covalently attached oligosaccharide chains, or glycans. Glycosylation influences the physical and chemical properties of proteins, as well as their biological functions. Unsurprisingly, alterations in protein glycosylation have been implicated in a growing number of human diseases, and glycans are increasingly being considered as potential therapeutic targets, an essential part of therapeutics, and biomarkers. Although glycosylation pathways are biochemically well-studied, little is known about the networks of genes that guide the cell- and tissue-specific regulation of these biochemical reactions in humans in vivo. The lack of a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating glycome variation and linking the glycome to human health and disease is slowing progress in clinical applications of human glycobiology. Two of the tools that can provide much sought-after knowledge of human in vivo glycobiology are human genetics and genomics, which offer a powerful data-driven agnostic approach for dissecting the biology of complex traits. This review summarizes the current state of human populational glycogenomics. In Section 1, we provide a brief overview of the N-glycan's structural organization, and in Section 2, we give a description of the major blood plasma glycoproteins. Next, in Section 3, we summarize, systemize, and generalize the results from current N-glycosylation genome-wide association studies (GWASs) that provide novel knowledge of the genetic regulation of the populational variation of glycosylation. Until now, such studies have been limited to an analysis of the human blood plasma N-glycome and the N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G and transferrin. While these three glycomes make up a rather limited set compared with the enormous multitude of glycomes of different tissues and glycoproteins, the study of these three does allow for powerful analysis and generalization. Finally, in Section 4, we turn to genes in the established loci, paying particular attention to genes with strong support in Section 5. At the end of the review, in Sections 6 and 7, we describe special cases of interest in light of new discoveries, focusing on possible mechanisms of action and biological targets of genetic variation that have been implicated in human protein N-glycosylation.
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
新孢子虫病——分子流行病学及发病机制综述
Asis Khan, Jahangheer S. Shaik, Patricia Sikorski, Jitender P. Dubey, Michael E. Grigg
期刊论文