Resource Type

Journal Article 38

Year

2023 4

2022 2

2021 4

2020 1

2019 1

2018 1

2017 5

2016 2

2015 3

2014 2

2012 1

2010 1

2007 3

2006 1

2005 3

2004 1

2001 2

2000 1

open ︾

Keywords

Cost analysis 2

cost 2

low cost 2

2R-1C model 1

5% approach 1

AAC 1

Acceptable risk assessment 1

Air-cooled microturbines 1

Arctic sea routes 1

Autonomous underwater vehicle 1

BMI resin 1

Battery sizing 1

Binary subtractor 1

Bus scheduling 1

Charging station deployment 1

China Railway’s “Go Global” strategy 1

Combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) 1

Complex network 1

Copper industry 1

open ︾

Search scope:

排序： Display mode:

Welding performance research of low cost hot rolled dual phase steel

Dong Ruifeng and Wang Guodong

Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 2,   Pages 53-57

Abstract:

The tensile properties，impact toughness and hardness of the welded joints of DP590 low-cost hot rolled dual phase steel using appropriate welding wire，flux and reasonable welding process was studied. The excellent softening resistance，cold bending formability and low hardening tendency of the test steels was shown. Experimental results showed that the DP590 low- cost hot rolled dual phase steel with good welding performance was suitable for welding car wheels and beams，etc.

Keywords： low cost     dual phase steel     welding performance    

HTML PDF Collect

New Approach for Low-cost Development of High-strength Fibre

Hui Xianquan

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 11,   Pages 132-136

Abstract:

Aiming at improving the strength of glass fibre, the paper proposes a nascent state preimpregnation composite modification technique, which enable glass fibre to keep the extremely high neomorphosis strength.

Keywords： high-strength fibre     carbon fibre     glass fibre     nascent state strength     high-performance compositematerial     low-cost    

HTML PDF Collect

Meeting Future Challenge in Copper Industry——Considerations on Treatment of Copper Sulfide Concentrate at Low Cost

Zhu Zuze

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 87-90

Abstract:

A brief review of the advance of copper smelting technology and the price fluctuations of copper products indicate that the competition of copper market depends upon the production cost relying on metallurgy technology. In order to ensure the smooth development of the copper industry in China and win competition in the world, we must persist in domestic r & D and incorporation with foreign technology for copper smelting. This paper commentes on the deficiencies of intensified oxidizing-PS convetring-pyrorefining-electrolysis processes and analyzes the feasibility and basises of combined pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical method. The new combined process route will be more advantageous in future competition.

Keywords： Copper industry     copper sulfide concentrate     low cost    

HTML PDF Collect

Optimization Strategy of MPEG-4 AAC Decoder on a Low-cost SoC

Gao Gugang,Shi Longxing,Pu Hanlai,Zhou Fan

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 10,   Pages 60-64

Abstract:

This paper proposes software optimization strategies using a low-cost SoC which include float-point to fix-point conversion scheme based on statistical analysis and performance oriented customizing scheme for on-chip memory's capacity,  and presents optimization methodology based on these strategies for computation intensive applications.  the MPEG-4 AAC decoding in real-time is implemented as a case study to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed optimization strategy in both performance and cost.  The strategy and methodology also can be used to optimize other DSP applications.

Keywords： software optimization     SoC     FFC     on-chip memory     AAC    

HTML PDF Collect

Measurement and Control Technology for the Array of Low Cost PCR Microreactors

Li Xianming ,Zhang Yulin ,Li Jiantian

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 7,   Pages 76-81

Abstract:

In this paper a new style of polymerase chain reaction(PCR)equipment is studied and the goal of the study is to reduce the cost of micro-reactor PCR chips, improve its reliability and make a hundred of chips working together in the same time. There are no micro-sensors and micro-heaters in the chips. It is the concrete way to reduce the cost of PCR chips and improve the reliability of the chips. So the focus of the study transfers from the design, simulation and processing to the measurement and control of the chips. The measurement and control scheme for the low-cost PCR chips is designed. By selecting several chips as model chips and combining unitized macroscopic control and distributed microcosmic control, the system is able to do temperature cycling control to the chip array which is made of many chips at the same time. The loading effect applied to the temperature field by the temperature sensor and the compensation method for the loading effect are studied. The main idea of this method is to compare the measurement result gained from the temperature field in which two sensors are set with the measurement result gained from the same temperature field but in which one sensor is set, and the difference is the loading effect that one sensor applies to the temperature field. The temperature measurement errors to the liquid internal the model chips are analyzed and synthesized in considerable detail and an intelligent prediction compensation method for dynamic measurement errors is obtained. The uncertainty of indirect to the temperature of PCR liquid in low-cost PCR chips is also assessed. Cascade control strategy is applied to further improving the performance of control system. Its performance in temperature cycling meets the requirements of PCR.

Keywords： microreactors     measurement     control     polymerase chain reaction    

HTML PDF Collect

Advances in Cost-Efficient Thin-Film Photovoltaics Based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2

Michael Powalla, Stefan Paetel, Dimitrios Hariskos, Roland Wuerz, Friedrich Kessler, Peter Lechner, Wiltraud Wischmann, Theresa Magorian Friedlmeier

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 445-451 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.015

Abstract:

In this article, we discuss the leading thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technology based on the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) compound semiconductor. This contribution includes a general comparison with the conventional Si-wafer-based PV technology and discusses the basics of the CIGS technology as well as advances in world-record-level conversion efficiency, production, applications, stability, and future developments with respect to a flexible product. Once in large-scale mass production, the CIGS technology has the highest potential of all PV technologies for cost-efficient clean energy generation.

Keywords： Thin-film photovoltaics     Solar energy     Flexible     Cu(InGa)Se2    

HTML PDF Collect

Non-iterative parameter estimation of the 2R-1Cmodel suitable for low-cost embedded hardware Article

Mitar SIMIĆ, Zdenka BABIĆ, Vladimir RISOJEVIĆ, Goran M. STOJANOVIĆ

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 3,   Pages 476-490 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900112

Abstract: Parameter estimation of the 2R-1C model is usually performed using iterative methods that require high-performance processing units. Consequently, there is a strong motivation to develop less time-consuming and more power-efficient parameter estimation methods. Such low-complexity algorithms would be suitable for implementation in portable microcontroller-based devices. In this study, we propose the quadratic interpolation non-iterative parameter estimation (QINIPE) method, based on quadratic interpolation of the imaginary part of the measured impedance, which enables more accurate estimation of the characteristic frequency. The 2R-1C model parameters are subsequently calculated from the real and imaginary parts of the measured impedance using a set of closed-form expressions. Comparative analysis conducted on the impedance data of the 2R-1C model obtained in both simulation and measurements shows that the proposed QINIPE method reduces the number of required measurement points by 80% in comparison with our previously reported non-iterative parameter estimation (NIPE) method, while keeping the relative estimation error to less than 1% for all estimated parameters. Both non-iterative methods are implemented on a microcontroller-based device; the estimation accuracy, RAM, flash memory usage, and execution time are monitored. Experiments show that the QINIPE method slightly increases the execution time by 0.576 ms (about 6.7%), and requires 24% (1.2 KB) more flash memory and just 2.4% (32 bytes) more RAM in comparison to the NIPE method. However, the impedance root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the QINIPE method are decreased to 42.8% (for the real part) and 64.5% (for the imaginary part) of the corresponding RMSEs obtained using the NIPE method. Moreover, we compared the QINIPE and the complex nonlinear least squares (CNLS) estimation of the 2R-1C model parameters. The results obtained show that although the estimation accuracy of the QINIPE is somewhat lower than the estimation accuracy of the CNLS, it is still satisfactory for many practical purposes and its execution time reduces to 145−1 30.

Keywords： 2R-1C model     Embedded systems     Parameter estimation     Non-iterative methods     Quadratic interpolation    

HTML PDF Collect

Single-Seed Casting Large-Size Monocrystalline Silicon for High-Efficiency and Low-Cost Solar Cells Article

Bing Gao,Satoshi Nakano,Hirofumi Harada,Yoshiji Miyamura,Takashi Sekiguchi,Koichi Kakimoto

Engineering 2015, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 378-383 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015032

Abstract:

To grow high-quality and large-size monocrystal-line silicon at low cost, we proposed a single-seed casting technique. To realize this technique, two challenges—polycrystalline nucleation on the crucible wall and dislocation multiplication inside the crystal—needed to be addressed. Numerical analysis was used to develop solutions for these challenges. Based on an optimized furnace structure and operating conditions from numerical analysis, experiments were performed to grow monocrystalline silicon using the single-seed casting technique. The results revealed that this technique is highly superior to the popular high-performance multicrystalline and multiseed casting mono-like techniques.

Keywords： single-seed casting     monocrystalline silicon     polycrystalline nucleation     dislocation multiplication     multicrystalline silicon    

HTML PDF Collect

Low-cost high-order-mode cavity backed slot array antenna using empty substrate integrated waveguide for the 5G n260 band

Zihang Qi, Xiuping Li, Hua Zhu,qizihang@bupt.edu.cn,xpli@bupt.edu.cn,judy-cool@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 609-614 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000503

Abstract: A low-cost slot array antenna is proposed for fifth-generation wireless communication (5G) n260 band applications. The antenna is based on the low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) material FR-4. Empty substrate-integrated waveguide is used to avoid high dielectric loss. High-order-mode cavities are introduced to reduce the complexity of the feeding network. The proposed antenna shows a maximum realized gain of 27 dBi with a radiation efficiency of 72.4%. The measurement and simulation results achieve good agreement. The proposed antenna can be a good candidate for low-cost millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication systems.
HTML PDF Collect

Implementation of PRINCE with resource-efficient structures based on FPGAs Research Articles

Lang Li, Jingya Feng, Botao Liu, Ying Guo, Qiuping Li,lilang911@126.com,fengjyk@126.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 11,   Pages 1505-1516 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000688

Abstract: In this era of pervasive computing, low-resource devices have been deployed in various fields. is a designed for low latency, and is suitable for pervasive computing applications. In this paper, we propose new circuit structures for components by sharing and simplifying logic circuits, to achieve the goal of using a smaller number of logic gates to obtain the same result. Based on the new circuit structures of components and the best sharing among components, we propose three new hardware architectures for . The architectures are simulated and synthesized on different programmable gate array devices. The results on Virtex-6 show that compared with existing architectures, the resource consumption of the unrolled, , and two-cycle architectures is reduced by 73, 119, and 380 slices, respectively. The architecture costs only 137 slices. The unrolled architecture costs 409 slices and has a throughput of 5.34 Gb/s. To our knowledge, for the hardware implementation of , the new architecture sets new area records, and the new unrolled architecture sets new throughput records. Therefore, the newly proposed architectures are more resource-efficient and suitable for lightweight, latency-critical applications.

Keywords： 轻量级分组密码；现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）；低成本；PRINCE；嵌入式安全    

HTML PDF Collect

Development status of hot rolled dual-phase steel and development of high strength hot rolled dual-phase steel

Yuan Guo,Li Chengning,Sun Dandan,Kang Jian and Wang Guodong

Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 2,   Pages 39-45

Abstract:

This paper introduces the development status and existing problems of hot rolled dual-phase steel，and points out that the development and application of low-cost hot rolled dual-phase steel，F-B hot rolled dual- phase steel and high strength hot rolled dual- phase steel would promote the development of hot rolled dual phase steel and the process of replacement of cold rolled products by hot rolled ones in automobile industry. Strengthening mechanism and process control principle of hot rolled dual-phase steel strengthened by ferrite matrix with fine precipitates are also discussed. And the hot rolling experiments were carried out at laboratory.The hot rolled dual-phase steel strengthened by ferrite matrix with fine precipitates has been developed. This steel contains martensite islands and ferrite matrix distributing a large number of supersaturated precipitates and interphase precipitation of finer nano-sized TiC，whose tensile strength reaches up to 770~830 MPa with the yield ratio of less than 0.75.

Keywords： hot rolled dual- phase steel     low- cost     F- B dual- phase steel     precipitation strengthening     TiC     high strength steel    

HTML PDF Collect

Genomic Sequencing Costs Set to Head Down Again

Robert Pollie

Engineering 2023, Volume 23, Issue 4,   Pages 3-6 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.002

HTML PDF Collect

Agency Costs of Engineering Procurement

Chen Shouke,Wei Zhuobin

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 11,   Pages 66-71

Abstract:

Based on asymmetric information game and principal-agent theory, by analyzing the forming reasons and connotation relationships of agency costs which occurs during the process of engineering project procurement, this paper gives out the model of best contract and monitor mechanism. It also analyses the relationships between the monitor mechanism and incentive mechanism.

Keywords： engineering procurement     agency cost     asymmetric information game     principal-agent theory    

HTML PDF Collect

Devising optimal integration test orders using cost–benefit analysis Research Article

Fanyi MENG, Ying WANG, Hai YU, Zhiliang ZHU,yuhai@mail.neu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 5,   Pages 692-714 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100466

Abstract: Integration testing is an integral part of software testing. Prior studies have focused on reducing test cost in generation. However, there are no studies concerning the testing priorities of critical classes when generating s. Such priorities greatly affect testing efficiency. In this study, we propose an effective strategy that considers both test cost and efficiency when generating test orders. According to a series of dynamic execution scenarios, the software is mapped into a multi-layer dynamic execution network (MDEN) model. By analyzing the dynamic structural complexity, an evaluation scheme is proposed to quantify the class testing priority with the defined class risk index. ; is used to perform cycle-breaking operations, satisfying two principles: assigning higher priorities to higher-risk classes and minimizing the total complexity of test stubs. We also present a strategy to evaluate the effectiveness of algorithms by calculating the reduction of software risk during their testing process. Experiment results show that our approach performs better across software of different scales, in comparison with the existing algorithms that aim only to minimize test cost. Finally, we implement a tool, ITOsolution, to help practitioners automatically generate test orders.

Keywords： Integration test order     Cost–     benefit analysis     Probabilistic risk analysis     Complex network    

HTML PDF Collect

Highway Planning and Design in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China: A Cost-Safety Balance Perspective Article

Chengqian Li, Lieyun Ding, Botao Zhong

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 337-349 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.12.008

Abstract:

Engineering designs for mountainous highways emphasize compliance checking to ensure safety. However, relying
solely on compliance checking may lead designers to minimize costs at the expense of high risk indicators, since the overall risk level of the highway design is unknown to the designers. This paper describes a method for the simultaneous consideration of traffic safety risks and the associated cost burden related to the appropriate planning and design of a mountainous highway. The method can be carried out in four steps: First, the highway design is represented by a new parametric framework to extract the key design variables that affect not only the life-cycle cost but also the operational safety. Second, the relationship between the life-cycle cost and the operational safety risk factors is established in the cost-estimation functions. Third, a fault tree analysis (FTA) is introduced to identify the traffic risk factors from the design variables. The safety performance of the design solutions is also assessed by the generalized linear-regression model. Fourth, a theory of acceptable risk analysis is introduced to the traffic safety assessment, and a computing algorithm is proposed to solve for a cost-efficient optimal solution within the range of acceptable risk, in order to help decision-makers. This approach was applied and examined in the Sichuan-Tibet Highway engineering project, which is located in a complex area with a large elevation gradient and a wide range of mountains. The experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improved both the safety and cost performance of the project in the study area.

Keywords： Highway planning and design     Cost-safety optimization     Acceptable risk assessment     Sichuan-Tibet Highway    

HTML PDF Collect

Title Author Date Type Operation

Welding performance research of low cost hot rolled dual phase steel

Dong Ruifeng and Wang Guodong

Journal Article

New Approach for Low-cost Development of High-strength Fibre

Hui Xianquan

Journal Article

Meeting Future Challenge in Copper Industry——Considerations on Treatment of Copper Sulfide Concentrate at Low Cost

Zhu Zuze

Journal Article

Optimization Strategy of MPEG-4 AAC Decoder on a Low-cost SoC

Gao Gugang,Shi Longxing,Pu Hanlai,Zhou Fan

Journal Article

Measurement and Control Technology for the Array of Low Cost PCR Microreactors

Li Xianming ,Zhang Yulin ,Li Jiantian

Journal Article

Advances in Cost-Efficient Thin-Film Photovoltaics Based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2

Michael Powalla, Stefan Paetel, Dimitrios Hariskos, Roland Wuerz, Friedrich Kessler, Peter Lechner, Wiltraud Wischmann, Theresa Magorian Friedlmeier

Journal Article

Non-iterative parameter estimation of the 2R-1Cmodel suitable for low-cost embedded hardware

Mitar SIMIĆ, Zdenka BABIĆ, Vladimir RISOJEVIĆ, Goran M. STOJANOVIĆ

Journal Article

Single-Seed Casting Large-Size Monocrystalline Silicon for High-Efficiency and Low-Cost Solar Cells

Bing Gao,Satoshi Nakano,Hirofumi Harada,Yoshiji Miyamura,Takashi Sekiguchi,Koichi Kakimoto

Journal Article

Low-cost high-order-mode cavity backed slot array antenna using empty substrate integrated waveguide for the 5G n260 band

Zihang Qi, Xiuping Li, Hua Zhu,qizihang@bupt.edu.cn,xpli@bupt.edu.cn,judy-cool@163.com

Journal Article

Implementation of PRINCE with resource-efficient structures based on FPGAs

Lang Li, Jingya Feng, Botao Liu, Ying Guo, Qiuping Li,lilang911@126.com,fengjyk@126.com

Journal Article

Development status of hot rolled dual-phase steel and development of high strength hot rolled dual-phase steel

Yuan Guo,Li Chengning,Sun Dandan,Kang Jian and Wang Guodong

Journal Article

Genomic Sequencing Costs Set to Head Down Again

Robert Pollie

Journal Article

Agency Costs of Engineering Procurement

Chen Shouke,Wei Zhuobin

Journal Article

Devising optimal integration test orders using cost–benefit analysis

Fanyi MENG, Ying WANG, Hai YU, Zhiliang ZHU,yuhai@mail.neu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Highway Planning and Design in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China: A Cost-Safety Balance Perspective

Chengqian Li, Lieyun Ding, Botao Zhong

Journal Article