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A 17–26.5 GHz 42.5 dBm broadband and highly efficient gallium nitride power amplifier design Correspondences

Ming LI, Zhiqun LI, Quan ZHENG, Lanfeng LIN, Hongqi TAO,liming_2018@seu.edu.cn,zhiqunli@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 2,   Pages 346-350 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000513

Abstract: GaN as the representative of the third generation of wide band gap semiconductors has the advantagesefficiency, high temperature resistance, high radiation resistance, and other excellent characteristics, GaN

Keywords： K波段；高效率；宽带；氮化镓（GaN）；功率放大器    

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High linearity U-band power amplifier design: a novel intermodulation point analysis method Research Article

Jie CUI, Peipei LI, Weixing SHENG,cuijie@njust.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 1,   Pages 176-186 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200082

Abstract: A ’s linearity determines the emission signal’s quality and the efficiency of the system. Nonlinear distortion can result in system bit error, out-of-band radiation, and interference with other channels, which severely influence communication system’s quality and reliability. Starting from the third-order intermodulation point of the s, the circuit’s nonlinearity is compensated for. The analysis, design, and implementation of linear class AB mm-Wave s based on GlobalFoundries 45 nm technology are presented. Three single-ended and differential stacked s have been implemented based on cascode cells and triple cascode cells operating in U-band frequencies. According to nonlinear analysis and on-wafer measurements, designs based on triple cascode cells outperform those based on cascode cells. Using single-ended measurements, the differential achieves a measured peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 47.2% and a saturated output power () of 25.2 dBm at 44 GHz. The amplifier achieves a higher than 23 dBm and a maximum PAE higher than 25% in the measured bandwidth from 44 GHz to 50 GHz.

Keywords： CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI)     Linearity analysis     Milimeter wave (mm-Wave)     Power amplifier    

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Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review Review Articles

Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 72-96 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900467

Abstract: Highly efficient power amplifiers (PAs) and associated linearization techniques have been developed to accommodate the explosive growth in the data transmission rate and application of massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) systems. In this paper, energy-efficient integrated Doherty PA monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and linearization techniques are reviewed for both the sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) fifth-generation (5G) mMIMO systems; different semi-conductor processes and architectures are compared and analyzed. Since the 5G protocols have not yet been finalized and PA specifications for mMIMO are still under consideration, it is worth investigating novel design methods to further improve their efficiency and linearity performance. Digital predistortion techniques need to evolve to be adapted in mMIMO systems, and some creative linearity enhancement techniques are needed to simultaneously improve the compensation accuracy and reduce the power consumption.

Keywords： Energy-efficient     Linearization     Massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO)     Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)     Power amplifier    

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A novel method for extending the output power back-off range of an asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier Research Article

Mingyu LI, Xiaobing CHENG, Zhijiang DAI, Kang ZHONG, Tianfu CAI, Chaoyi HUANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 3,   Pages 470-479 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200250

Abstract: A novel method is proposed to extend the range of the . This study reveals that the OPBO range of the DPA can be extended by tuning the of the peaking stage away from infinity and changing the phase delay of the output matching network of the carrier power amplifier. Based on this theory, a large-OPBO-range high-efficiency asymmetrical DPA working band from 1.55 to 2.2 GHz (35% relative bandwidth) is designed to verify the proposed method. Experimental results show that the DPA operates from 1.6 to 2.1 GHz. The range of the measured efficiency is 42.2%–52.1% in the OPBO state and 47%–62.7% in the saturation state. The OPBO range is 11.1–13.2 dB.

Keywords： Doherty power amplifier (DPA)     Output power back-off (OPBO)     Output impedance     Network phase    

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Wideband cryogenic amplifier for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector Research Article

Lianming Li, Long He, Xu Wu, Xiaokang Niu, Chao Wan, Lin Kang, Xiaoqing Jia, Labao Zhang, Qingyuan Zhao, Xuecou Tu,Lianming.LI@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 12,   Pages 1551-1684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100525

Abstract: The -parameters and transient performance were measured at room temperature (300 K) and cryogenic temperature(4.2 K).measurement results showed that the amplifier achieved a 21-dB gain with a 3-dB bandwidth of 1.13 GHz at 300 K.At 4.2 K, the gain of the amplifier can be tuned from 15 to 24 dB, achieving a 3-dB bandwidth spanning

Keywords： 超低温放大器；宽带放大器；超导纳米线单光子探测器    

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A microstrip filter direct-coupled amplifier based on active coupling matrix synthesis Research Articles

Yang Gao, Fan Zhang, Yingying Qiao, Jiawei Zang, Lei Li, Xiaobang Shang,gaoyang678@outlook.com,lilei@zzu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 9,   Pages 1260-1269 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000292

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology of designing an integrated with a filter using an active . The filter is directly coupled to the active device, and the integrated filter can achieve filtering as well as matching functionalities, simultaneously, eliminating the need for separate matching networks. The filter is represented by an active , with additional columns and rows in the matrix corresponding to the active transistor. The matrix can be used to calculate the S-parameter responses (i.e., the return loss and the gain) and the initial dimensions of the integrated device. Moreover, the integration of a filter and an leads to a reduced loss and a more compact architecture of the devices. An X-band filter has been designed and demonstrated as an example. technology has been chosen because of its appealing advantages of easy fabrication, low cost, and most importantly, easy integration with active devices.

Keywords： 放大器；滤波–放大器集成；微带线；耦合矩阵    

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Analysis and design of transformer-based CMOS ultra-wideband millimeter-wave circuits for wireless applications: a review Review Articles

Yi-ming YU, Kai KANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 97-115 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900491

Abstract: With a lot of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) applications being issued, wideband circuits and systems have attracted much attention because of their strong applicability and versatility. In this paper, four transformer-based ultra-wideband mm-Wave circuits demonstrated in CMOS technologies are reviewed from theoretical analysis, implementation, to performance. First, we introduce a mm-Wave low-noise amplifier with transformer-based Gm-boosting and pole-tuning techniques. It achieves wide operating bandwidth, low noise figure, and good gain performance. Second, we review an injection-current-boosting tech-nique which can significantly increase the locking range of mm-Wave injection-locked frequency triplers. Based on the injection- locked principle, we also discuss an ultra-wideband mm-Wave divider with the transformer-based high-order resonator. Finally, an E-band up-conversion mixer is presented; using the two-path transconductance stage and transformer-based load, it obtains good linearity and a large operating band.

Keywords： CMOS     Millimeter-wave (mm-Wave)     Ultra-wideband     Transformer     Low-noise amplifier     Injection-locked fre-quency tripler     Injection-locked frequency divider     Mixer    

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Bisimulation-based stabilization of probabilisticBoolean control networkswith state feedback control Research Articles

Nan JIANG, Chi HUANG, Yao CHEN, Jürgen KURTHS

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 268-290 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900447

Abstract: This study is concerned with probabilistic Boolean control networks (PBCNs) with state feedback control. A novel definition of bisimilar PBCNs is proposed to lower computational complexity. To understand more on bisimulation relations between PBCNs, we resort to a powerful matrix manipulation called semi-tensor product (STP). Because stabilization of networks is of critical importance, the propagation of stabilization with probability one between bisimilar PBCNs is then considered and proved to be attainable. Additionally, the transient periods (the maximum number of steps to implement stabilization) of two PBCNs are certified to be identical if these two networks are paired with a bisimulation relation. The results are then extended to the probabilistic Boolean networks.

Keywords： Probabilistic Boolean control network     Bisimulation     Stabilization with probability one     State feedback control    

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A 9.8–30.1 GHz CMOS low-noise amplifier with a 3.2-dB noise figure using inductor- and transformer-based

Hongchen Chen, Haoshen Zhu, Liang Wu, Wenquan Che, Quan Xue,hongdoublechen@gmail.com,zhuhs@scut.edu.cn,wuliang@cuhk.edu.cn,eewqche@scut.edu.cn,eeqxue@scut.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 586-598 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000510

Abstract: A 9.8–30.1 GHz (LNA) with a 3.2-dB minimum noise figure (NF) is presented. At the architecture level, a topology based on (CG) cascading with a common-source (CS) amplifier is proposed for simultaneous wideband input matching and relatively high gain. At the circuit level, multiple techniques are proposed to improve LNA performance. First, in the CG stage, loading effect is properly used instead of the conventional feedback technique, to enable simultaneous impedance and noise matching. Second, based on in-depth theoretical analysis, the inductor- and -based techniques are employed for the CG and CS stages, respectively, to enhance the gain and reduce power consumption. Third, the floating-body method, which was originally proposed to lower NF in CS amplifiers, is adopted in the CG stage to further reduce NF. Fabricated in a 65-nm technology, the LNA chip occupies an area of only 0.2 mm and measures a maximum power gain of 10.9 dB with −3 dB bandwidth from 9.8 to 30.1 GHz. The NF exhibits a minimum value of 3.2 dB at 15 GHz and is below 5.7 dB across the entire bandwidth. The LNA consumes 15.6 mW from a 1.2-V supply.

Keywords： CMOS；跨导提升技术；低噪声放大器；变压器；共栅级    

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Heteropolyacids-Immobilized Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Highly Efficient Photo-Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in the Aqueous Phase Article

Lifu Wu, Sai An, Yu-Fei Song

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 94-102 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.025

Abstract:

Benzaldehyde is a highly desirable chemical due to its extensive application in medicine, chemical synthesis and food sector among others. However, its production generally involves hazardous solvents such as trifluorotoluene or acetonitrile, and its conversion, especially selectivity in the aqueous phase, is still not up to expectations. Hence, developing an environmentally benign, synthetic process for benzaldehyde production is of paramount importance. Herein, we report the preparation of a photocatalyst (PW12-P-UCNS, where PW12 is H3PW12O40·xH2O and P-UCNS is phosphoric acid-modified unstack graphitic carbon nitride) by incorporating phosphotungstic acid on phosphoric acid-functionalised graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets. The performance of PW12-P-UCNS was tested using the benzyl alcohol photo-oxidation reaction to produce benzaldehyde in H2O, at room temperature (20 °C). The asprepared PW12-P-UCNS photocatalyst showed excellent photocatalytic performance with 58.3% conversion and 99.5% selectivity within 2 h. Moreover, the catalyst could be reused for at least five times without significant activity loss. Most importantly, a proposed Z-scheme mechanism of the PW12-P-UCNScatalysed model reaction was revealed. We carefully investigated its transient photocurrent and electrochemical impedance, and identified superoxide radicals and photogenerated holes as the main active species through electron spin-resonance spectroscopy and scavenger experiments. Results show that the designed PW12-P-UCNS photocatalyst is a highly promising candidate for benzaldehyde production through the photo-oxidation reaction in aqueous phase, under mild conditions.

Keywords： Photocatalysis     Heteropolyacids     Graphitic carbon nitride     Benzaldehyde    

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Physical human-robot interaction estimation based control scheme for a hydraulically actuated exoskeleton designed for power amplification None

Yi LONG, Zhi-jiang DU, Wei-dong WANG, Long HE, Xi-wang MAO, Wei DONG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 9,   Pages 1076-1085 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601667

Abstract:

We proposed a lower extremity exoskeleton for power amplification that perceives intended human motion via humanexoskeleton interaction signals measured by biomedical or mechanical sensors, and estimates human gait trajectories to implement corresponding actions quickly and accurately. In this study, torque sensors mounted on the exoskeleton links are proposed for obtaining physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) torque information directly. A Kalman smoother is adopted for eliminating noise and smoothing the signal data. Simultaneously, the mapping from the pHRI torque to the human gait trajectory is defined. The mapping is derived from the real-time state of the robotic exoskeleton during movement. The walking phase is identified by the threshold approach using ground reaction force. Based on phase identification, the human gait can be estimated by applying the proposed algorithm, and then the gait is regarded as the reference input for the controller. A proportional-integral-derivative control strategy is constructed to drive the robotic exoskeleton to follow the human gait trajectory. Experiments were performed on a human subject who walked on the floor at a natural speed wearing the robotic exoskeleton. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Keywords： Exoskeleton     Physical human-robot interaction     Torque sensor     Human gait     Kalman smoother    

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Research on Raising Heat-power of the Gear Reducer With Middle-power

Hu Rufu,Zhang Dongsu

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 72-76

Abstract:

Heat-power is an impartment performance index to choose the gear reducer. The working efficiency of the gear reducer lies on the value of the heat-power when working with the temperature at which heat balance is achieved. Raising Heat-power will benefit working efficiency, and reduce the waste of energy sources. The formula to calculate efficiency is deduced, and the heat-power is tested by way of experiment. The heat-radiating equipments with the structures of plank-lumped and pipe-ranked are developed. On the basis of this, the methods are brought forward to raise heat-power of gear reducers considering the factors of designing, manufacturing and lubricating.

Keywords： gear-reducer     heat-power     heat-efficiency     heat-radiating equipment    

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Development Strategies for China’s Advanced Magnesium Alloy Industry Toward 2035

Li Fang,Guan Renguo,Tie Di 3, Liu Chuming,Le Qichi,Song Jiangfeng,Zeng Xiaoqin,Jiang Bin

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 5,   Pages 76-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.014

Abstract:

In this paper, we introduce the development status of China’s magnesium alloy material industry, analyze the main problems faced by its development in China and abroad, and prospect the future market demand in China for magnesium alloy materials such as high-performance rare earth–magnesium alloys with lightweight structures, magnesium alloys with high strength and high thermal conductivity, magnesium alloys with high strength and high electrical conductivity, and ultra-high-strength magnesium alloys.We also present a phased development plan for the industry toward 2030 and 2035 and propose relevant strategies for promoting the sustainable development of this industry in China. These strategies include promotion of independent innovation capabilities, optimization in resource allocation, strengthening of corporate cooperation, establishment of a complete research system for magnesium alloy materials, and improvement in platform construction. To satisfy the demand for the advanced magnesium alloy materials by national economy, national major projects, and social sustainable development, China should optimize its scientific research system, optimize the industrial development pattern, create high-quality and efficient industries, improve relevant policy systems, and build a sophisticatedtalent system.

Keywords： metal material industry     magnesium alloy     rare earth–magnesium alloy     low energy consumption     high efficiency     2035    

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A dual-polarized Fabry–Pérot antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for millimeter-wave applications

Qingyi Guo, Hang Wong,guo_qingyi@163.com,hang.wong@cityu.edu.hk

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 599-608 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000514

Abstract: We introduce a dual-polarized (DP) rot cavity (FPC) antenna operating at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band with and characteristics. A DP feeding source and a partially reflective surface (PRS) integrated with a Fresnel zone lens are suggested to realize dual-polarization wave radiation over a wide impedance bandwidth. The feeding source provides vertical and horizontal polarizations while keeping high isolation between the two polarizations. PRS is used to realize Fabry cavity to produce a directive beam radiation. The integrated Fresnel zone rings are introduced for phase correction, leading to a significant gain enhancement for the antenna. For verification, a 60-GHz FPC antenna prototype with DP radiation is designed and fabricated with measurement results. It consists of a feeding source, a PRS integrated with a Fresnel zone lens, a quasi-curved reflector, and four three-dimensional printed supporters. The results illustrate that the peak gains of vertical and horizontal polarizations are 18.4 and 17.6 dBi, respectively. The impedance matching bandwidth for the two polarizations is 14%. The performance ensures that the proposed DP FPC antenna is a promising candidate for the fifth-generation wireless communication systems in the mmWave band.

Keywords： 双极化；法布里—珀罗腔天线；与菲涅耳带透镜集成的部分反射面；毫米波波段；高增益；宽带    

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Temperature effect on carbothermal reduction and nitridation synthesis of silicon nitride

Wan Xiaohan,Zhang Guangqing,Oleg Ostrovski and Hal Aral

Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 1,   Pages 62-66

Abstract:

Carbothermal reduction and nitridation synthesis of silicon nitride was conducted at 1 300～1 600 ℃ in nitrogen or nitrogen-hydrogen mixture. Fumed silica was mixed with graphite using molar ratio of SiO2∶C=1∶4.5. Powder samples were pressed into pellet before reaction. CO evolution in the process was monitored by an infrared sensor. The oxygen， nitrogen， carbon content of reacted sample was analysed by LECO element determinators. XRD was used to identify phases formed in the reacted sample. Reduction of SiO2 commenced below 1 300 ℃. The reduction rate increased with increasing temperature， but slowed down when temperature was higher than 1 570 ℃， since the residual reactant was covered by product. Due to the small difference of the equilibrium CO partial pressure between Si3N4 and SiC formation， the boundary temperature was not obvious. The mechanism of carbothermal reduction/nitridation synthesis of silicon nitride needs further investigation.

Keywords： carbothermal reduction and nitridation； boundary temperature； selectivity of products； equilibrium CO partial pressure    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A 17–26.5 GHz 42.5 dBm broadband and highly efficient gallium nitride power amplifier design

Ming LI, Zhiqun LI, Quan ZHENG, Lanfeng LIN, Hongqi TAO,liming_2018@seu.edu.cn,zhiqunli@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

High linearity U-band power amplifier design: a novel intermodulation point analysis method

Jie CUI, Peipei LI, Weixing SHENG,cuijie@njust.edu.cn

Journal Article

Energy-efficient power amplifiers and linearization techniques for massive MIMO transmitters: a review

Xin LIU, Guan-sheng LV, De-han WANG, Wen-hua CHEN, Fadhel M. GHANNOUCHI

Journal Article

A novel method for extending the output power back-off range of an asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier

Mingyu LI, Xiaobing CHENG, Zhijiang DAI, Kang ZHONG, Tianfu CAI, Chaoyi HUANG

Journal Article

Wideband cryogenic amplifier for a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector

Lianming Li, Long He, Xu Wu, Xiaokang Niu, Chao Wan, Lin Kang, Xiaoqing Jia, Labao Zhang, Qingyuan Zhao, Xuecou Tu,Lianming.LI@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

A microstrip filter direct-coupled amplifier based on active coupling matrix synthesis

Yang Gao, Fan Zhang, Yingying Qiao, Jiawei Zang, Lei Li, Xiaobang Shang,gaoyang678@outlook.com,lilei@zzu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Analysis and design of transformer-based CMOS ultra-wideband millimeter-wave circuits for wireless applications: a review

Yi-ming YU, Kai KANG

Journal Article

Bisimulation-based stabilization of probabilisticBoolean control networkswith state feedback control

Nan JIANG, Chi HUANG, Yao CHEN, Jürgen KURTHS

Journal Article

A 9.8–30.1 GHz CMOS low-noise amplifier with a 3.2-dB noise figure using inductor- and transformer-based

Hongchen Chen, Haoshen Zhu, Liang Wu, Wenquan Che, Quan Xue,hongdoublechen@gmail.com,zhuhs@scut.edu.cn,wuliang@cuhk.edu.cn,eewqche@scut.edu.cn,eeqxue@scut.edu.cn

Journal Article

Heteropolyacids-Immobilized Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Highly Efficient Photo-Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in the Aqueous Phase

Lifu Wu, Sai An, Yu-Fei Song

Journal Article

Physical human-robot interaction estimation based control scheme for a hydraulically actuated exoskeleton designed for power amplification

Yi LONG, Zhi-jiang DU, Wei-dong WANG, Long HE, Xi-wang MAO, Wei DONG

Journal Article

Research on Raising Heat-power of the Gear Reducer With Middle-power

Hu Rufu,Zhang Dongsu

Journal Article

Development Strategies for China’s Advanced Magnesium Alloy Industry Toward 2035

Li Fang,Guan Renguo,Tie Di 3, Liu Chuming,Le Qichi,Song Jiangfeng,Zeng Xiaoqin,Jiang Bin

Journal Article

A dual-polarized Fabry–Pérot antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for millimeter-wave applications

Qingyi Guo, Hang Wong,guo_qingyi@163.com,hang.wong@cityu.edu.hk

Journal Article

Temperature effect on carbothermal reduction and nitridation synthesis of silicon nitride

Wan Xiaohan,Zhang Guangqing,Oleg Ostrovski and Hal Aral

Journal Article