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Histone variants: critical determinants in tumour heterogeneity

Tao Wang, Florent Chuffart, Ekaterina Bourova-Flin, Jin Wang, Jianqing Mi, Sophie Rousseaux, Saadi Khochbin

Frontiers of Medicine 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 289-297 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0667-3

Abstract: Malignant cell transformation could be considered as a series of cell reprogramming events driven by oncogenic transcription factors and upstream signalling pathways. Chromatin plasticity and dynamics are critical determinants in the control of cell reprograming. An increase in chromatin dynamics could therefore constitute an essential step in driving oncogenesis and in generating tumour cell heterogeneity, which is indispensable for the selection of aggressive properties, including the ability of cells to disseminate and acquire resistance to treatments. Histone supply and dosage, as well as histone variants, are the best-known regulators of chromatin dynamics. By facilitating cell reprogramming, histone under-dosage and histone variants should also be crucial in cell transformation and tumour metastasis. Here we summarize and discuss our knowledge of the role of histone supply and histone variants in chromatin dynamics and their ability to enhance oncogenic cell reprogramming and tumour heterogeneity.

Keywords： cancer-testis TH2B TH2A H1T H1.0 H1F0 linker histones

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Immunohistochemical measurement and expression of Mcl-1 in infertile testes

Raafat Hegazy,Abdelmonem Hegazy,Mustafa Ammar,Emad Salem

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 361-367 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0395-x

Abstract:

The diagnosis of azoospermia represents a major challenge to andrologists as this condition may occur despite normal spermatogenesis and genital tracts. Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins involved in regulation of apoptosis in various cell types. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of Mcl-1 in testicular biopsies of subjects with azoospermia. Eighty-six cases with azoospermia were obtained from 509 infertile patients admitted to the Andrology Unit of the Zagazig University Hospitals from January 2010 to December 2011. Biopsies were diagnosed and classified using H&E-stained slide sections. The specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for Mcl-1 and examined through light microscopy. Forty-five cases of maturation arrest (25 at spermatids and 20 at the spermatocytes), 31 cases of hypospermatogenesis (20 moderate and 11 severe), 5 cases of Sertoli?cell-only syndrome, 2 cases of basement membrane hyalinization, and 1 case of tubular and peritubular sclerosis were observed. Normal spermatogenesis was detected in 2 cases. A strong positive immunoreaction in Leydig cells was observed among all investigated specimens. A moderate reaction was detected in spermatocytes and spermatozoa in cases of normal spermatogenesis and hypospermatogenesis, but a negative reaction was detected in cases of maturation arrest and germ cell aplasia. Apoptosis was found to be associated with decreased rate of spermatogenesis. High apoptosis rates may result in azoospermia, which can occur despite normal spermatogenesis and absence of duct obstruction.

Keywords： spermatogenesis testis Mcl-1 expression immunohistochemical study infertility

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Midline2 is overexpressed and a prognostic indicator in human breast cancer and promotes breast cancer

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 942-942 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0876-z

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Progress and challenges in RET-targeted cancer therapy

Frontiers of Medicine 2023, Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 207-219 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0985-y

Abstract: Oncogenic RET fusions or mutations are found most often in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and inthyroid cancer, but also increasingly in various types of cancers at low rates.

Keywords： pralsetinib selpercatinib RET-alteration lung cancer thyroid cancer tumor-agnostic therapy drug

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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer: complexity and opportunities

Yun Zhang, Robert A. Weinberg

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 361-373 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0656-6

Abstract: termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in both development and cancerinvasiveness, drug-resistance and the ability to form metastases at distant organs, and thereby contribute to cancer

Keywords： epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition cancer metastasis cancer stem cell

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Metformin for cancer prevention

Yonghua Yang

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 115-117 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0112-3

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Orlistat induces ferroptosis-like cell death of lung cancer cells

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 922-932 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0804-7

Abstract: synthesis is involved in the progression and treatment resistance of many types of cancers, including lung cancer; however, targeting the lipogenetic pathways for cancer therapy remains an unmet clinical need.we tested the anticancer activity of orlistat, an FDA-approved anti-obesity drug, in human and mouse cancerand we found that orlistat, as a single agent, inhibited the proliferation and viabilities of lung cancerand other types of cancer.

Keywords： orlistat ferroptosis FAF2 lung cancer

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Role of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO-FOXM1 axis in cancer and drug resistance

Fung Zhao, Eric W.-F. Lam

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 376-380 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0228-0

Abstract:

The forkhead transcription factors FOXO and FOXM1 have pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and in mediating chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance. Recent research shows that the forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 is a direct transcriptional target repressed by the forkhead protein FOXO3a, a vital downstream effector of the PI3K-AKT-FOXO signaling pathway. Intriguingly, FOXM1 and FOXO3a also compete for binding to the same gene targets, which have a role in chemotherapeutic drug action and sensitivity. An understanding of the role and regulation of the FOXO-FOXM1 axis will impact directly on our knowledge of chemotherapeutic drug action and resistance in patients, and provide new insights into the design of novel therapeutic strategy and reliable biomarkers for prediction of drug sensitivity.

Keywords： FOXO3a FOXM1 transcription factor cancer drug resistance tumorigenesis

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Improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer: insights from epidemiology, genomic alterations, and therapeutic

Frontiers of Medicine doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1050-6

Abstract: Pancreatic cancer, notorious for its late diagnosis and aggressive progression, poses a substantial challengeThis review endeavors to furnish a holistic insight into pancreatic cancer, encompassing its epidemiologyand explore recent research advancements in precursor lesions and molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancerAdditionally, we highlight the development and application of multi-omics approaches in pancreatic cancerresearch and discuss the latest combinations of pancreatic cancer biomarkers and their efficacy.

Keywords： pancreatic cancer cancer screening single cell molecular alterations precancerous lesion therapy

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Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with driver mutations: current applications and future

Frontiers of Medicine 2023, Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages 18-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0976-4

Abstract: With the improved understanding of driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expanding

Keywords： non-small cell lung cancer driver mutations treatment strategy resistant mechanism immune-checkpoint

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Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening: opportunities and challenges

Hongbing Shen

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 116-121 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0600-1

Abstract:

Lung cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and the leading cause of cancerScreening for lung cancer coupled with earlier intervention has long been studied as an approach to mortalityOn the basis of this finding, LDCT has been recommended for lung cancer screening in high-risk populationsThis paper summarizes and discusses the main observations and challenges of LDCT screening for lung cancerComplementary biomarkers and technical improvement are expected in the field of lung cancer screening

Keywords： lung cancer low-dose computerized tomography early detection opportunities challenges

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Developments in cancer prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicine

Hongsheng Lin, Jie Liu, Ying Zhang

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 127-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0137-7

Abstract: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and integrated medicine of oncology, we have made some achievements in cancerCurrently, TCM plays an indispensable role in cancer prevention and treatment.In the future, cancer treated with TCM will face unprecedented opportunities and challenges.This article reviews the developments of TCM in the treatment of cancer.

Keywords： traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cancer

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Exploring the cancer genome in the era of next-generation sequencing

Hui Dong, Shengyue Wang

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 48-55 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0182-x

Abstract:

The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies has led to dramatic advances in cancer genomeComprehensive analysis of cancer genomes through approaches of whole genome, exome, and transcriptomesequencing has significantly improved the understanding of cancer biology, diagnosis, and therapy.The present study briefly reviews the recent pioneering studies on cancer genome sequencing and provides

Keywords： next-generation sequencing cancer genome whole genome sequencing exome transcriptome

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Intracellular and extracellular TGF-β signaling in cancer: some recent topics

Kohei Miyazono, Yoko Katsuno, Daizo Koinuma, Shogo Ehata, Masato Morikawa

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages 387-411 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0646-8

Abstract: evidence has revealed the critical roles of TGF-β as a pro-tumorigenic factor in various types of cancerof TGF-β in lung and pancreatic cancers, in which TGF-β has been shown to be involved in cancer

Keywords： TGF-β EMT lung cancer pancreatic cancer latent form immune function GARP