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Zoning of Agricultural Resource and Environment in China
Erqi Xu
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 57-62 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.009
Problems in China’s agricultural resources and environment have become increasingly prominent, with distinct resource and environment constraints for regional agricultures. Based on regional differentiation in agricultural resource and environment characteristics, this paper divided the country into 10 first-level zones and 57 second-level zones at the county scale. The first-level zones were divided according to regional differentiation in climate and geotectonic. And the second-level zones differentiate in water resources, land resources, and environmental conditions. It analyzed the agricultural production conditions, types of resources and their different combinations, environmental production conditions, and existing problems in these zones. This study proposed the strategies of “optimizing the spatial layout of eastern, central, and western regions” and “improving Northeast China, regulating North China, and recovering South China”. Twenty-seven second-level zones, undertaking the supply of major agricultural products in China, were identified and labeled as “major agricultural developing regions in China”. The development direction and construction measures of the major agricultural developing regions in China were suggested to maintain and improve the health and sustainability of China’s agricultural production system.
Keywords： 一级区依据气候条件和大地构造的地域分异，二级区根据水资源、土地资源和环境条件问题差异。分析了全国各分区农业生产条件、资源类型及其组合的特点、环境生产条件和存在问题，提出 中国农业资源环境问题日益突出，区域农业资源限制因素和环境制约问题各不相同。依据农业资源环境地域分异，以县域为制图单元，本文将全国划分为10 提高东北，整治华北，恢复南方 战略，并划分了27 个承担主要农产品供给保障功能的 ，指明其建设方向措施，以维护和改善我国农业生产系统的健康和可持续性
Research on Key Strategic Issues of Agricultural Resource and Environment in China
Yulin Shi, Huajun Tang, Hao Wang, Zhongqi Gao, Lin Wang, Hongqi Zhang, Hongbin Liu, Qiyou Luo, Lixin Wang, Beidou Xi, Caihong Huang, Rui Li, Erqi Xu, Zhengguo Cui
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 1-8 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.001
In the middle of the 21st century, China will be in a period of comprehensive modernization and globalization. China will be faced with the aging population, manpower shortage, and resource shortage. The contradiction between human and resources will be quite sharp, and the environmental governance will become very tough. To ensure the security of food, resources, and ecological environment, the Chinese Academy of Engineering set up a major consulting project named "Research on Key Strategic Issues of Agricultural Resource and Environment in China" to analyze the situation and seek for countermeasures. In accordance with the central government's new development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing,” this project put forward three strategic directions of "full implementation of the agricultural innovation-driven strategy," "in-depth promotion of the agricultural sustainable development strategy" and "implementation of the agricultural globalization strategy." Eight strategic changes, sixteen strategic measures related to resource conservation, environmental protection, structural adjustment, and regional distribution, as well as ten major projects were put forward.
Keywords： agricultral resources ecological environment China
Li Wenhua1,Cheng Shengkui,Mei Xurong,Liu Moucheng and Hong Chuanchun
Strategic Study of CAE 2016, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 56-64 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.008
Food security is based on the agricultural resources and environment. At present, China's agricultural resources and environment have been faced with three problems. First, due to the shrinking of sown areas and the quality reduction and spatial pattern changes of cultivated land, China's cultivated land resource cannot provide sustainable support for its food production. Second, the contradiction between "the increasing grain demand and the decreasing water resource" has become obvious and the "north-to-south grain transfer" has been increasingly difficult. Third, the agricultural eco-environment has deteriorated and the service function of the agricultural ecosystem cannot be brought into full play. To solve these problems, we should implement the efficient modern ecological agriculture strategy, rebalancing strategy in the grain production area and the trade substitution strategy. Based on these strategies, relevant policy suggestions are also put forward.
Keywords： cultivated land resource water resource agricultural resource and eco-environment ecosystem services eco-compensation
Research on Several Strategic Issues on Eco-Civilization Construction
The Comprehensive Research Group for Research on Several Strategic Issues on Eco-Civilization Construction
Strategic Study of CAE 2017, Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 1-5 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.001
In order to comprehensively and deeply study the status of eco-civilization construction in China and, at the same time, meet the new requirements of the party and the state for eco-civilization construction from the perspective of the four aspects of green environment, green production, green living, and green governance, this paper evaluates the eco-civilization status of 337 cities at prefecture level and above. The results show that the overall level of eco-civilization development in China is not heartening. Focusing on three research areas, including the carrying capacity of resources and environment and the layout of economic and social development, the classification and utilization of solid waste, and the transformation of agricultural development modes and construction of beautiful countryside, this paper performs a thorough analysis and then puts forward corresponding strategies and tasks. This research provides countermeasures and strategic suggestions for macro decision-making in eco-civilization construction at the national level.
Keywords： ecological civilization development status evaluation resources and environmental carrying capacity resource utilization agricultural development mode strategy
Review and Development Strategy of Irrigation with Unconventional Water Resources in China
HuYaqi, Wenyong Wu
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 69-76 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.011
With the increasing shortage of water resources, the development and utilization of unconventional water resources have received more and more attention from various countries. Using unconventional water resources to irrigate is one of the important measures to deal with the shortage of water resources. Unconventional water resources mainly include the reclaimed water and brackish water. In China, the agricultural unconventional water resources have relatively high potentials. It has been predicted that the amount of unconventional water available for agriculture will reach 3.438×1010 m3 in 2030 and the irrigation amount of reclaimed water and brackish water will be 1.645×1010 m3 and 2.48×109 m3, respectively. In areas where the fresh water resources are lacking and the unconventional water resources are relatively abundant, especially in the arid area in the north, developing and using unconventional water resources can be regarded as a good solution for the shortage of fresh water. In this paper, based on the situation of China, the irrigation mode of unconventional water resources was summarized. From the aspects of zoning technology, suitable crop classification, pollution identification technology, high-efficient irrigation technique, monitoring and evaluation technology, and integrated application mode, this paper proposes the safe irrigation measures of unconventional water resources in China. Finally, in order to establish a technical system of agricultural unconventional water resources utilization suitable for China, this paper puts forward the development and utilization strategy, which is to further strengthen the technical research and popularization of the agricultural unconventional water resource utilization technology, to improve the recycling standards and regulation system, to bring the unconventional water resources into the planning of water resources development and utilization, and to formulate incentive policies.
The Present Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Ecological Protection in China
Bian Yousheng
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 12, Pages 16-20
The Chinese agriculture is the agriculture restricted by resources. The state of agro-ecology influences agricultural development to a great extent, therefore it also influences China's economic development. This paper introduces present situation and major problems in the field of agro-ecological protection construction in China, comprehensively analyse the reasons of agro-ecologial deterioration, and puts forward proposals and strategic countermeasures for agricultural eco-environmental protection.
Keywords： agricultural environment ecological protection countermasure
Strategic Research on Sustainable Development of Water Resource in China
Project Group of "Strategic Research on Sustainable Development of Water Resource in China in 21st Century", Chinese Academy of Engineering
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 8, Pages 1-17
The total water resource volume in China is 28 000 × 108m3. According to the demographic statistics in 1997, the average water resource per person is 2 220 m3 and will be, by estimation, decreased to 1 760 m3 in the year of 2030 with the population growing to 16 × 108. According to the commonly accepted standard, a nation which has a water resource volume per person below 1 700 m3 will be considered to be short of water resource. The water resource in future is seriously sufficient.
During the past 50 years, the national water consumption has been been lifted from above 1 000 × 108 m3 in 1949 to 5 566 × 108 m3 in 1997, among which agricultural water consumption was 75.3%, industrial water consumption 20.2%, and the water consumption in cities 4.5%. The average comprehensive water consumption per person rose from below 200 m3 to 458 m3. The problems confronted at present are: lack of flood prevention safety; coexistence of water resource shortage and the extravagance of water resource; the damage to e-cological environment resulted from over-exploitation of water and land resource; the deterioration of water environment and the rapid worsening of water pollution. These problems are very grave now.
This report points out that establishing modern agriculture which can efficiently save water can enable the present cultivated area and the irrigation water amount to produce sufficient products meeting the needs of population of 16 × 108. The water consumtion peak in our country will appear around 2030, with the water con-sumption amounting (7 000〜8 000) x 108 m3/a and the average water consumption per person 400 ~ 500 m3. By that time, the actual utilizable water volume throughout the whole country will be (8 000〜9 500) × 108 m3, and that is to say the needed water amount will be approaching the utilizable water volume limit. Consequently, population should be strictly controlled from urther growing and water management to reinforced for the purpose of zero increase of needed water volume when population reaches zero-growth. The general strategy of water resource in China must be the sustainable utilization of water resource supporting the sustainable development of economy.
It is also proposed in this report that strategic shifting be implemented on aspects of flood and disaster prevention;agricultural water consumption; water consumption in cities and industry; pollution and disaster prevention;ecological environment construction; equilibrium between water supplying and needing; solutions to the water resource problem in northern and western China.
Keywords： water resource flood and disaster prevention agricultural water consumption water consumption in cities and industry ecological environment construction sustainable development
Applications of Geophysics in Resource Detection and Environmental Protection
Suping Peng,Jianghai Xia,Jiulong Cheng
Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages 584-585 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.003
Grasping the Essence of Qian Xuesen's Theory on Sand Industry
Liu Shu
Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 9-14
This paper describes the concept, scientific basis, key technical points and the significance of sand industry. As a scientific conceit for the utilization of desert Gobi, the essence of sand industry is to take the advantage of the sunlight resource in the Gobi area to raise the photosynthetic productivity with the help of modern technical achievements and effective market-oriented management system, so as to gain benefits both economically and ecologically. The technical principle being employed in the present sand industry as so called “more lighting, less water, new technology, high benefit” is expounded. The application results in Zhanye prefecture of Gansu province is introduced.
Keywords： sand industry barren land solar energy assimilation knowledge-intensive agriculture desert and Gobi population resource and environment
Discussion on some basic problems about environmental geology
Liu Guangrun
Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 27-30
This paper discusses mainly the definition of environmental geology and geological environment and their relationship to relevant subjects, and expounds the position of geological environment in the whole natural environment of mankind and the importance of protecting geological environment in overall environmental protection. The paper emphasizes that the central task of protecting geological environment is preventing and controlling geological hazards and the basic way to prevent and control geological hazards is operating along the opposite direction of their formation. It is necessary to strengthen the forecast of geological hazards and to establish a scientific appraisal system for geological environmental quality and capacity.
Keywords： environmental geology geological environment protection of geological environment prevention and control of geological hazards
Water,Water resources and Saving water in Agriculture
Liu Gengling
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 7, Pages 39-42
The Characteristics of water and the issue of water resources in China are mainly discussed in the paper. The viewpoint that the situation of water resources in China cann´t be judged simplily by the amount of average yearly precipitation, and the exploitation and utilization of water resources depend on the humen´s control and management are expounded. In general the water resources in China is enough for using, its unbalnced distribution in space-time is the most problem. Lots of experiences about bringing water under control and using water were accumulated by the Chinese farmers in thousand-years-histroy´s practice. Saving water in agriculture is very important,the key measure is to advocate “decentralized storage and decentralized utilization of water” so that the loss and pollutiion of runoff can be controled. In order to raise the efficiency of water use,a series of research and practical work needs to be carried out.
Keywords： water water resources saving water in agriculture decentralized storage of water
Discussion on Hydropower Resources Development and Environmental & Ecological Protection in China
Zheng Shouren
Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 1-6
Hydroenergy is a kind of clean and renewable energy sources. As a high-quality energy source, it plays a key role in realizing the strategy of sustainable development. With consideration of the abundant hydropower resources in China, giving priority to its development becomes an important policy of China's energy resources exploitation. The development and utilization of hydropower resources may decrease the yield of coal and the environment pollution caused by thermal power generation. However, damming a river will lead to the change of water-sand regime, which will exert adverse impact on the ecosystem and environment. As a result, countermeasures should be studied and taken to well deal with the relationships between the hydropower development and the environmental & ecological protection. The development and exploitation of hydropower should be based on the comprehensive planning of a river basin and carried out in a scientific, reasonable, appropriate and orderly way. Moreover, it is necessary to reasonably combine hydropower development, environmental & ecological protection and promotion of regional economic & social development, so as to make the relevant work go smoothly, such as resettlement for reservoir areas, improvement of migrants' living and productive conditions and promotion of harmonious development between economic construction of reservoir areas and environment protection.
Keywords： hydropower development water resources comprehensive utilization environmental protection sustainable development
“Water Resources in Northeast China” Project Group,CAE
Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 1-24
Northeast China refers to the region including Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province and the northeastern past of inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, i. e. Chifeng City, Tongliao City, Xing an League and Hulun Buir City. Covering an area of 124×104km2with a population of 119 million, this region features developed industries, biggest forest zone arid best grassland in China. It is the largest commodity grain base as well. However, the decades-long crude production and extensive management has resulted in the decline of part of industries and agriculture and the degradation of environment, such as the exhaustion of the fellable forest; the degeneration, desertification and salinization of grassland; the serious loss of black earth; the pollution of water sesources, the dry up of rivers and the decrease of wetland; the environmental problems in abandoned mining areas. The only choice for reinvigorating the northeast China old industrial base is to change the economic growth pattern timely and build the resource-conservation and environment-friendly society. The author brings forward eight strategic proposals: not increasing the total area of arable land, not decreasing the area of forest, grassland and wetland, and rationally controlling the land for urban and industrial use; tapping the huge potential of agriculture and building China's largest agricultural product base; taking further measures to ensure the sustainable development of the forest industry; promoting the urbanization process and properly address urban water resources crisis and preventing geological disasters in coal mine-based cities; enhancing geological prospecting to consolidate the guarantee of resources; protecting water environment and preventing water from pollution; controlling the use of water for socio-economic purpose in the western part of the region so as to protect the ecological environment; rationally allocating water resources to contribute the harmonious development between man and nature.
Keywords： northeast China allocation of land and water resources ecology and environment protection sustainable development
On Modernization of the Regional Geological Survey and Deep Exploration Techniques in China
Zhao Wenjin
Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 6, Pages 25-32
Some characteristic features of the past regional geological survey in China have been summarized in view of its mission, i. e. it has been carried out principally in a traditional way. It is suggested and described that in the 21st century in additon to transportation, communication, recording and digital map making and so on, the regional geological survey should further meet the requiements from land resources, geological disasters, as well as improvement of environmental quality. Being directed by conception of modern geoscientific theory, it should conduct multi-disciplinary investigation, collect and regularize data, so as to realize three-dimensional multi-parametric mapping and theoretic synthesis. Several decades´ investigation in China has demonstrated that geological structure in depth is different from that either observed at surface, even at shallow depths, or inferred on the basis of geological structure at surface. In the future, deep investigation should be strengthened, with techniques for deep exploration developed. Obtaining high-resolution images from various depths will enable to people improve their understanding of the Earth to a new level, to set up completely new space-time evolution concept, so that to resolve resource and environment problems effectively.
Keywords： regional geological survey deep exploration resources environment
Analysis and evaluation on agricultural biomass resources
Tian Yishui,Zhao Lixin,Sun Liying,Meng Haibo
Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 24-28
Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation on resource gross, utilization and distributing of China's agricultural biomass in this paper, it is showed that China has abundant agricultural biomass resources which mainly include crop straw and manure, and it will be the future developing emphases with a great developing potential. If using reserve land resources, applying alternative planting and improving unit area yield, the developing potential of fuel ethanol is 20 million ton. All of these could provide reference for establishing biomass policies and plans.
Keywords： agricultural biomass resource analysis evaluation
Title Author Date Type Operation
Research on Key Strategic Issues of Agricultural Resource and Environment in China
Yulin Shi, Huajun Tang, Hao Wang, Zhongqi Gao, Lin Wang, Hongqi Zhang, Hongbin Liu, Qiyou Luo, Lixin Wang, Beidou Xi, Caihong Huang, Rui Li, Erqi Xu, Zhengguo Cui
Journal Article
Study on Strategies for the Sustainable Development of China’s Agricultural Resources and Environment
Li Wenhua1,Cheng Shengkui,Mei Xurong,Liu Moucheng and Hong Chuanchun
Journal Article
Research on Several Strategic Issues on Eco-Civilization Construction
The Comprehensive Research Group for Research on Several Strategic Issues on Eco-Civilization Construction
Journal Article
Review and Development Strategy of Irrigation with Unconventional Water Resources in China
HuYaqi, Wenyong Wu
Journal Article
The Present Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Ecological Protection in China
Bian Yousheng
Journal Article
Strategic Research on Sustainable Development of Water Resource in China
Project Group of "Strategic Research on Sustainable Development of Water Resource in China in 21st Century", Chinese Academy of Engineering
Journal Article
Applications of Geophysics in Resource Detection and Environmental Protection
Suping Peng,Jianghai Xia,Jiulong Cheng
Journal Article
Discussion on Hydropower Resources Development and Environmental & Ecological Protection in China
Zheng Shouren
Journal Article
Strategic Concern to Land and Water Resources Allocation， Ecology and Environment Protection and Sustainable Development of Northeast China
“Water Resources in Northeast China” Project Group,CAE
Journal Article
On Modernization of the Regional Geological Survey and Deep Exploration Techniques in China
Zhao Wenjin
Journal Article
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