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《工程(英文)》 >> 2022年 第12卷 第5期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.012

生态背景决定土壤细菌多样性对施肥的响应

a State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
b Department of Physical, Chemical, and Natural Systems, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla 41013, Spain
c State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
d Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
e National Observation Station of the Hailun Agroecology System, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 130102, China
f College of Land and Environment, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
g Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
h Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
i Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Chinese Academy of Science & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
j Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
k Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
l Qiyang Agroecosystem of the National Field Experimental Station, Yongzhou 426199, China
m National Engineering Laboratory for Improving the Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
n Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Nanchang 331717, China

收稿日期: 2021-02-21 修回日期: 2021-07-18 录用日期: 2021-09-01 发布日期: 2021-11-25

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摘要

施肥是人类改造自然环境的主要农业活动之一,不仅会引发全球变化,也会影响土壤微生物多样性。但是,当前对生态背景如何影响土壤微生物多样性对施肥响应的问题尚不明确。该问题的解答有助于预测全球变化下土壤微生物多样性的变化轨迹。为此,本研究大规模联网分析了中国10 个长期(大于20 年)定位施肥(有机vs 无机)试验,发现土壤细菌多样性对施肥的响应取决于当地生态背景。在酸性土壤中,化肥施用加剧了土壤酸化,进而降低土壤细菌的多样性;相比之下,有机肥施用对土壤细菌多样性的影响较小。除此之外,还发现部分微生物相对丰度对施肥的响应一致,不受生态背景的影响。例如,氮肥添加刺激了NitrosospiraNitrososphaera,以及有机肥施用增加了Chitinophagaceae、Bacilli 和光合细菌的相对丰度。这些物种或可作为指示生物来监测施肥对土壤肥力的影响。综上所述,本研究发现生态背景决定了土壤微生物多样性对施肥的响应,其中酸性地区的土壤微生物多样性对施肥措施更敏感。

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