[ 1 ] NationsUnited. United Nations decade on ecosystem restoration (2021‒2030). In Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [Internet]. New York City: United Nations; 2019 Mar 1 [cited 2022 May 20]. Available from: https:// undocs.org/A/RES/73/284. 链接1

[ 2 ] Xinhua News Agency. Guterres launches UN decade on ecosystem restoration [Internet]. Beijing:XINHUANET; 2019 Jun 5 [cited 20 May 2022]. Available from: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/05/c_139989761.htm. 链接1

[ 3 ] Aronson J, Alexander S. Ecosystem restoration is now a global priority: time to roll up our sleeves. Restor Ecol 2013;21(3):293‒6. 链接1

[ 4 ] Bestelmeyer BT. Threshold concepts and their use in rangeland management and restoration: the good, the bad, and the insidious. Restor Ecol 2006;14(3): 325‒9. 链接1

[ 5 ] Shackelford N, Hobbs RJ, Burgar JM, Erickson TE, Fontaine JB, Laliberté E, et al. Primed for change: developing ecological restoration for the 21st century. Restor Ecol 2013;21(3):297‒304. 链接1

[ 6 ] Mitsch WJ. When will ecologists learn engineering and engineers learn ecology? Ecol Eng 2014;65:9‒14. 链接1

[ 7 ] Gann GD, Mcdonald T, Walder B, Aronson J, Nelson CR, Jonson J, et al. International principles and standards for the practice of ecological restoration. 2nd ed. Restor Ecol 2019;27(S1):1‒46. 链接1

[ 8 ] IUCN Global standard for Nature-based Solutions: a user-friendly framework for the verification, design and scaling up of NbS. Global standard. Gland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2020. 链接1

[ 9 ] Luo M, Yu EY, Zhou Y, Ying LX, Wang J, Wu G. Distribution and technical strategies of ecological protection and restoration projects for mountains‒rivers‒forests‒farmlands‒lakes‒grasslands. Acta Ecol Sin 2019;39 (23):8692‒701. Chinese. 链接1

[10] Gao Y, Liu Z, Li R, Shi Z. Long-term impact of China’s returning farmland to forest program on rural economic development. Sustainability 2020;12(4): 1492. 链接1

[11] Peng J, Li B, Dong JQ, Liu YX, Lv DN, Du RR, et al. Basic logic of territorial ecological restoration. China Land Sci 2020;34(5):18‒26. Chinese.

[12] Fu BJ. Several key points in territorial ecological restoration. Bull Chin Acad Sci 2021;36(1):64‒9. Chinese.

[13] Mitsch WJ. What is ecological engineering? Ecol Eng 2012;45:5‒12. 链接1

[14] Martin DM. Ecological restoration should be redefined for the twenty-first century. Restor Ecol 2017;25(5):668‒73. 链接1

[15] Yu GR, Zhagn L, He HL, Yang M. A process-based model and simulation system of dynamic change and spatial variation in large-scale terrestrial ecosystems. Chin J Appl Ecol 2021;32(8):2653‒65. Chinese.

[16] IUCN. Guidance for using the IUCN global standard for nature-based solutions. A user-friendly framework for the verification, design and scaling up of Nature-based Solutions. Gland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); 2020. 链接1

[17] Xu S, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang G. Scale effect on spatial patterns of ecosystem services and associations among them in semi-arid area: a case study in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. China Sci Total Environ 2017;598: 297‒306. 链接1

[18] Ge F, Ouyang ZY. Integrity, coordination, circulation, self-generation—Ma Shijun’s academic thoughts and contributions. Acta Ecol Sin 2015;35(24): 7926‒30. Chinese. 链接1

[19] Liu J, Mooney H, Hull V, Davis SJ, Gaskell J, Hertel T, et al. Systems integration for global sustainability. Science 2015;347(6225):1258832. 链接1

[20] Cohen-Shacham E, Andrade A, Dalton J, Dudley N, Jones M, Kumar C, et al. Core principles for successfully implementing and upscaling Nature-based Solutions. Environ Sci Policy 2019;98:20‒9. 链接1

[21] Mace GM. Whose conservation? Science 2014;345(6204):1558‒60. 链接1

[22] Sowińska-Świerkosza B, Garcíab J. What are nature-based solutions (NBS)? Setting core ideas for concept clarification. Nature-Based Solutions 2022;2:100009. 链接1

[23] Li YJ, Wang P, Xiao RB. International experience in territorial ecological restoration and its implementation path in Guangdong Province. Acta Ecol Sin 2021;41(19):7637‒47. Chinese. 链接1

[24] Hallett LM, Diver S, Eitzel MV, Olson JJ, Ramage BS, Sardinas H, et al. Do we practice what we preach? Goal setting for ecological restoration. Restor Ecol 2013;21(3):312‒9. 链接1

[25] Wu J. Landscape sustainability science: ecosystem services and human wellbeing in changing landscapes. Landsc Ecol 2013;28(6):999‒1023. 链接1

[26] Ying LX, Kong LQ, Xiao Y, Ouyang ZY. The research progress and prospect of ecological security and its assessing approaches. Acta Ecol Sin 2020;42(5): 1‒14. Chinese.

[27] Peng Y, Mi L, Qing FT, Feng JZ, Xue DY. Spatial scale effects of ecological factors on vegetation degradation—Helin case study. J Basic Sci Eng 2015;23(S1): 11‒9. Chinese.

[28] Peng J, Zhao HJ, Liu YX, Wu JS. Research progress and prospect on regional ecological security pattern construction. Geogr Res 2017;36(3):407‒19. Chinese.

[29] Su C, Dong JQ, Ma ZG, Qiao N, Peng J. Identifying priority areas for ecological protection and restoration of mountains‒rivers‒forests‒farmlands‒lakes‒grasslands based on ecological security patterns: a case study in Huaying Mountain, Sichuan Province. Acta Ecol Sin 2019;39(23): 8948‒56. Chinese. 链接1

[30] Zeng H, Chen LD, Ding SY. Landscape ecology. Beijing: Higher Education Press; 2017.

[31] Zhang Y, Dong S, Gao Q, Liu S, Zhou H, Ganjurjav H, et al. Climate change and human activities altered the diversity and composition of soil microbial community in alpine grasslands of the Qinghai‒Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2016;562:353‒63. 链接1

[32] Lengefeld E, Metternicht G, Nedungadi P. Behavior change and sustainability of ecological restoration projects. Restor Ecol 2020;28(4):724‒9. 链接1

[33] Cao SX, Ma H, Yuan WP, Wang X. Interaction of ecological and social factors affects vegetation recovery in China. Biol Conserv 2014;180:270‒7. 链接1