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Characterization and prediction of tailpipe ammonia emissions from in-use China 5/6 light-duty gasoline

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2024年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1766-9

摘要：

● Rich combustion strategy in cold-start period caused more NH3 emission.

关键词： NH3 instantaneous emissions     Catalytic temperature     Vehicle specific power     Combustion efficiency     Emission prediction    

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IMPROVING NITROGEN SAFETY IN CHINA: NITROGEN FLOWS, POLLUTION AND CONTROL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 465-474 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022454

摘要：

● It is necessary to address the N flows and their impacts on environment in China for sustainable N management.

关键词： barriers     future management     ammonia emissions     nitrogen input     water N pollution    

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Pyrochlore LaZrNiO anodes for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-024-0948-2

摘要： Developing efficient anode catalysts for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells (NH3-SOFCs) under intermediate-temperatures is of great importance, in support of hydrogen economy via ammonia utilization. In the present work, the pyrochlore-type La2Zr2–xNixO7+δ (LZNx, x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10) oxides were synthesized as potential anode catalysts of NH3-SOFCs due to the abundant Frankel defect that contributes to the good conductivity and oxygen ion mobility capacity. The effects of different content of Ni2+ doping on the crystal structure, surface morphology, thermal matching with YSZ (Yttria-stabilized zirconia), conductivity, and electrochemical performance of pyrochlore oxides were examined using different characterization techniques. The findings indicate that the LZNx oxide behaves as an n-type semiconductor and exhibits an excellent high-temperature chemical compatibility and thermal matching with the YSZ electrolyte. Furthermore, LZN0.05 exhibits the smallest conductive band potential and bandgap, making it have a higher power density as anode material for NH3-SOFCs compared to other anodes. As a result, the maximum power density of the LZN0.05-40YSZ composite anode reaches 100.86 mW/cm2 at 800 °C, which is 1.8 times greater than that of NiO-based NH3-SOFCs (56.75 mW/cm2) under identical flow rate and temperature conditions. The extended durability indicates that the NH3-SOFCs utilizing the LZN0.05-40YSZ composite anode exhibits a negligible voltage degradation following uninterrupted operation at 800 °C for 100 h.

关键词： anode catalyst     ammonia oxidation     Ni particles     NH3-SOFCs    

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Plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis under mild conditions for hydrogen and electricity storage: Mechanisms

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-024-0949-1

摘要： Ammonia, with its high hydrogen storage density of 17.7 wt.% (mass fraction), cleanliness, efficiency, and renewability, presents itself as a promising zero-carbon fuel. However, the traditional Haber−Bosch (H−B) process for ammonia synthesis necessitates high temperature and pressure, resulting in over 420 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually, and relies on fossil fuel consumption. In contrast, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis operates at low temperatures and atmospheric pressures, utilizing nitrogen and hydrogen radicals excited by energetic electrons, offering a potential alternative to the H−B process. This method can be effectively coupled with renewable energy sources (such as solar and wind) for environmentally friendly, distributed, and efficient ammonia production. This review delves into a comprehensive analysis of the low-temperature DBD plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis technology at atmospheric pressure, covering the reaction pathway, mechanism, and catalyst system involved in plasma nitrogen fixation. Drawing from current research, it evaluates the economic feasibility of the DBD plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis technology, analyzes existing dilemmas and challenges, and provides insights and recommendations for the future of nonthermal plasma ammonia processes.

关键词： plasma catalysis     nitrogen fixation     ammonia synthesis     hydrogen storage     catalyst     carbon neutralization    

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Enhancement on the ammonia oxidation capacity of ammonia-oxidizing archaeon originated from wastewater

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1375-1

摘要：

• AOA’s ammonia oxidizing capacity was enhanced under moderate magnetic field.

关键词： Ammonia-oxidizing archaeon     Ammonia oxidation     Magnetic field     Magnetotaxis     Heredity    

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Abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in Tibetan and Yunnan plateau agricultural soils

Kun DING,Xianghua WEN,Liang CHEN,Daishi HUANG,Fan FEI,Yuyang LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第5期   页码 693-702 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0635-3

摘要： As low oxygen and high ultraviolet (UV) exposure might significantly affect the microbial existence in plateau, it could lead to a specialized microbial community. To determine the abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in agricultural soil of plateau, seven soil samples were collected respectively from farmlands in Tibet and Yunnan cultivating the wheat, highland-barley, and colza, which are located at altitudes of 3200–3800 m above sea level. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and clone library targeting on gene were used to quantify the abundances of AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and characterize the community structures of AOA in the samples. The number of AOA cells (9.34 × 10 –2.32 × 10 g soil) was 3.86–21.84 times greater than that of AOB cells (6.91 × 10 –1.24 × 10 g soil) in most of the samples, except a soil sample cultivating highland-barley with an AOA/AOB ratio of 0.90. Based Kendall’s correlation coefficient, no remarkable correlation between AOA abundance and the environmental factor was observed. Additionally, the diversities of AOA community were affected by total nitrogen and organic matter concentration in soils, suggesting that AOA was probably sensitive to several environmental factors, and could adjust its community structure to adapt to the environmental variation while maintaining its abundance.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing archaea     ammonia-oxidizing bacteria     quantitative PCR     clone library     plateau    

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Heat and mass transfer of ammonia-water in falling film evaporator

Xianbiao BU, Weibin MA, Huashan LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 358-366 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0161-y

摘要： To investigate the performance of heat and mass transfer of ammonia-water during the process of falling film evaporation in vertical tube evaporator, a mathematical model of evaporation process was presented, the solution of which that needed a coordinate transformation was based on stream function. The computational results from the mathematical model were validated with experimental data. Subsequently, a series of parameters, such as velocity, film thickness and concentration, etc., were obtained from the mathematical model. Calculated results show that the average velocity and the film thickness change dramatically at the entrance region when <100 mm, while they vary slightly with the tube length in the fully developed region when >100 mm. The average concentration of the solution reduces along the tube length because of evaporation, but the reducing tendency becomes slow. It can be concluded that there is an optimalβrelationship between the tube length and the electricity generated. The reason for the bigger concentration gradient in the direction is that the smooth tube is chosen in the calculation. It is suggested that the roll-worked enhanced tube or other enhanced tube can reduce the concentration gradient in the film thickness direction and enhance the heat and mass transfer rate.

关键词： falling film evaporation     ammonia-water     heat and mass transfer    

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Advances in catalysts and reaction systems for electro/photocatalytic ammonia production

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11705-024-2463-8

摘要： Ammonia is a vital component in the fertilizer and chemical industries, as well as serving as a significant carrier of renewable hydrogen energy. Compared with the industry’s principal technique, the Haber-Bosch method, for ammonia synthesis, electro/photocatalytic ammonia synthesis is increasingly recognized as a viable and eco-friendly alternative. This method enables distributed small-scale deployment and can be powered by sustainable renewable energy sources. However, the efficiency of electro/photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction is hindered by the challenges in activating the N≡N bond and nitrogen’s low solubility, thereby limiting its large-scale industrial applications. In this review, recent advancements in electro/photocatalytic nitrogen reduction are summarized, encompassing the complex reaction mechanisms, as well as the effective strategies for developing electro/photocatalytic catalysts and advanced reaction systems. Furthermore, the energy efficiency and economic analysis of electro/photocatalytic nitrogen fixation are deeply discussed. Finally, some unsolved challenges and potential opportunities are discussed for the future development of electro/photocatalytic ammonia synthesis.

关键词： ammonia synthesis     electro/photocatalysis     nitrogen fixation     reaction system     economic and efficiency analysis    

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Simulation on thermodynamic state of ammonia carbonation at low temperature and low pressure

Jingcai ZHAO, Xingfu SONG, Ze SUN, Jianguo YU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 447-455 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1370-1

摘要： This study on thermodynamic property of NH -CO -H O system provided the basic data for ammonia carbonation. Simulations on vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of ammonia carbonation with different physical properties were discussed in NH -H O and NH -CO -H O systems, respectively. The results indicated that at low temperature (303.15 K–363.15 K) and pressure (0.1–0.4 MPa), the PR (Peng-Robinson) equation was suitable for the description of the thermodynamic state in NH -H O system. NRTL (Non-Random-Two-Liquid) series models were selected for NH -CO -H O mixed electrolyte solution system. VLE data regression results showed that NRTL series models were suitable for describing thermodynamic properties of NH -CO -H O system, because average relative error fitting with each model was about 1%. As an asymmetric electrolytes model in NRTL model, E–NRTLRK (Electrolyte NRTL Redlich Kwong) could most accurately fit VLE data of NH -CO -H O system, with fitting error less than 1%. In the extent temperature range of 273.15 K–363.15 K, the prediction of product component using E-NRTLRK model for ammonia carbonation agreed well with the data reported in literature.

关键词： vapor-liquid equilibrium     activity coefficient     carbon dioxide     ammonia     NRTL    

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Design guidelines for urea hydrolysers for ammonia demand of the SCR DENOX project in coal-fired power

Peng ZHENG, Xuan YAO, Wei ZHENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 127-132 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0225-7

摘要： Ammonia is highly volatile and will present substantial environmental and operation hazards when leaking into the air. However, ammonia is the most common reactant in the DENOX project to eliminate NO in the flue gas. The storage and transportation of liquid ammonia has always been a dilemma of the power plant. Urea is a perfect substitute source for ammonia in the plant. Urea hydrolysis technology can easily convert urea into ammonia with low expense. Presently, there is still no self-depended mature urea hydrolysis technology for the DENOX project in China; therefore, this paper proposes several guidelines to design the urea hydrolyser by theoretical analysis. Based on theoretical analysis, a simulation model is built to simulate the chemical reaction in the urea hydrolyser and is validated by the operational data of the commercial hydrolyser revealed in the literature. This paper endeavors to propose suggestions and guidelines to develop domestically urea hydrolysers in China.

关键词： urea     hydrolyser     ammonia     selective catalytic reduction (SCR)    

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 268-280 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023495

摘要：

● An expert survey highlighted the most effective strategies for GHG and ammonia mitigation.

关键词： agriculture     ammonia     greenhouse gas     mitigation     net zero    

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Correlation between carbon emissions and energy structure –Reliability analysis of low carbon target

Ben HUA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 214-220 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0133-7

摘要： The influence of energy intensity on carbon intensity depends upon the fraction of energy mixes with high carbon emissions in the total energy mixes . The correlation of with a variety of primary energy mix fractions and technology advances such as CCS and CCHP is analyzed and deduced. Taking the long-term carbon reduction target in 2050 settled upon by the Copenhagen Agreement and the mid-term target suggested by the “450 Scenes Program” of the International Energy Agency (IEA) as constraints, the new pattern of the energy transition of the world in 2020, 2030, and 2050 are estimated and figured out. The peak value of energy consumption will lag behind the peak value of carbon emissions; the world energy structure shifting point will be in 2020–2025. Estimates show that China’s mid-2020 and long-term targets of energy-saving and emission reduction announced by the Chinese government might be achieved.

关键词： correlation     carbon emissions     energy consumption     high carbon emissions energy mix     target of emission reduction     reliability    

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Recent advances and challenges of nitrogen/nitrate electro catalytic reduction to ammonia synthesis

《能源前沿（英文）》 2024年 第18卷 第2期   页码 128-140 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0908-2

摘要： The Haber-Bosch process is the most widely used synthetic ammonia technology at present. Since its invention, it has provided an important guarantee for global food security. However, the traditional Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process consumes a lot of energy and causes serious environmental pollution. Under the serious pressure of energy and environment, a green, clean, and sustainable ammonia synthesis route is urgently needed. Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a green and mild new method for preparing ammonia, which can directly convert nitrogen or nitrate into ammonia using electricity driven by solar, wind, or water energy, without greenhouse gas and toxic gas emissions. Herein, the basic mechanism of the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia and nitrate reduction reaction (NO3− RR) to ammonia were discussed. The representative approaches and major technologies, such as lithium mediated electrolysis and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) electrolysis for NRR, high activity catalyst and advanced electrochemical device fabrication for NO3 − RR and electrochemical ammonia synthesis were summarized. Based on the above discussion and analysis, the main challenges and development directions for electrochemical ammonia synthesis were further proposed.

关键词： electrochemical ammonia synthesis     nitrogen     nitrate     nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia     nitrate reduction reaction (NO–3 RR)    

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Nano-confined ammonia borane for chemical hydrogen storage

M. A. WAHAB, Huijun ZHAO, X. D. YAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 27-33 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1171-3

摘要： There is a great demand for a sufficient and sustainable energy supply. Hence, the search for applicable hydrogen storage materials is extremely important owing to the diversified merits of hydrogen energy. In this regard, ammonia borane (NH BH , AB) containing 19.6 wt-% hydrogen has been considered as a promising material for hydrogen storage applications to realize the “hydrogen economy”, but with limits from slow kinetics of hydrogen release and by-product of trace gases such as ammonia and borazine. In this review, we introduce the recent research on AB, regarding to the nanoconfinement effect on improving the kinetics at a relatively low temperature and the prevention/reduction of undesirable gas formation.

关键词： ammonia borane     hydrogen storage    

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Research progress and prospects of complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria in wastewater treatment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1555-2

摘要：

• Comammox bacteria have unique physiological characteristics.

关键词： Complete ammonia oxidizing (comammox) bacteria     Nitrogen cycle     Physiological characteristics     Wastewater treatment    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Characterization and prediction of tailpipe ammonia emissions from in-use China 5/6 light-duty gasoline

期刊论文

IMPROVING NITROGEN SAFETY IN CHINA: NITROGEN FLOWS, POLLUTION AND CONTROL

期刊论文

Pyrochlore LaZrNiO anodes for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells

期刊论文

Plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis under mild conditions for hydrogen and electricity storage: Mechanisms

期刊论文

Enhancement on the ammonia oxidation capacity of ammonia-oxidizing archaeon originated from wastewater

期刊论文

Abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in Tibetan and Yunnan plateau agricultural soils

Kun DING,Xianghua WEN,Liang CHEN,Daishi HUANG,Fan FEI,Yuyang LI

期刊论文

Heat and mass transfer of ammonia-water in falling film evaporator

Xianbiao BU, Weibin MA, Huashan LI

期刊论文

Advances in catalysts and reaction systems for electro/photocatalytic ammonia production

期刊论文

Simulation on thermodynamic state of ammonia carbonation at low temperature and low pressure

Jingcai ZHAO, Xingfu SONG, Ze SUN, Jianguo YU

期刊论文

Design guidelines for urea hydrolysers for ammonia demand of the SCR DENOX project in coal-fired power

Peng ZHENG, Xuan YAO, Wei ZHENG

期刊论文

GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

期刊论文

Correlation between carbon emissions and energy structure –Reliability analysis of low carbon target

Ben HUA

期刊论文

Recent advances and challenges of nitrogen/nitrate electro catalytic reduction to ammonia synthesis

期刊论文

Nano-confined ammonia borane for chemical hydrogen storage

M. A. WAHAB, Huijun ZHAO, X. D. YAO

期刊论文

Research progress and prospects of complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria in wastewater treatment

期刊论文