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electroanalysis 1

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Synthesis of cobalt vanadium nanomaterials for efficient electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution

Meifeng Hao, Mingshu Xiao, Lihong Qian, Yuqing Miao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 409-416 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1689-0

摘要：

A low-cost and high-activity catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key to the water splitting technology for hydrogen generation. Here we report the use of three solvents, DMF, ethanol and glycol, in the solvothermal synthesis of three nano-catalysts, Co₃(VO₄)₂-I, Co₃(VO₄)₂-II, and Co₃(VO₄)₂-III, respectively. Transmission electron microscope shows Co₃(VO₄)₂-I, II, and III exist as ultrafine nanosheets, ultrathin nanofilms, and ultrafine nanosheet-comprised microspheres, respectively. These Co₃(VO₄)₂ catalysts exhibit OER electrocatalysis, among which the Co₃(VO₄)₂-II shows the lowest onset overpotential of 310 mV and only requires a small overpotential of 330 mV to drive current density of 10 mA/cm². Due to their high surface free energy, the ultrathin nanofilms of Co₃(VO₄)₂-II exhibits a good immobilization effect with the high electrocatalytic activity for OER.

关键词： Co₃(VO₄)₂ oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst water splitting

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Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1427-1443 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2108-0

摘要： The dye industry produces a large amount of hazardous wastewater every day worldwide, which brings potential threaten to the global environment. As an excellent method for removal of water chroma and chemical oxygen demand, electrocatalytic methods are currently widely used in the treatment of dye wastewater. The selection and preparation of electrode materials and electrocatalysts play an important role on the electrocatalytic treatment. The aim of this paper is to introduce the most excellent high-efficiency electrode materials and electrocatalysts in the field of dye wastewater treatment. Many electrode materials such as metal electrode materials, boron-doped diamond anode materials and three-dimensional electrode are introduced in detail. Besides, the mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation is summarized. The composite treatment of active electrode and electrocatalyst are extensively examined. Finally, the progress of photo-assisted electrocatalytic methods of dye wastewater and the catalysts are described.

关键词： electrocatalytic oxidation electrode electrocatalysis dye wastewater

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Pt–C interactions in carbon-supported Pt-based electrocatalysts

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期页码 1677-1697 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2300-5

摘要： Carbon-supported Pt-based materials are highly promising electrocatalysts. The carbon support plays an important role in the Pt-based catalysts by remarkably influencing the growth, particle size, morphology, dispersion, electronic structure, physiochemical property and function of Pt. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of carbon-supported Pt-based catalysts, with special emphasis being given to how activity and stability enhancements are related to Pt–C interactions in various carbon supports, including porous carbon, heteroatom doped carbon, carbon-based binary support, and their corresponding electrocatalytic applications. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in the development of carbon-supported Pt-based catalysts are discussed.

关键词： Pt–C interactions Pt-based materials carbon support electrocatalysis

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Revisiting solar hydrogen production through photovoltaic-electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 596-599 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0745-0

摘要： Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is regarded as a promising way for solar hydrogen production, while the fast development of photovoltaic-electrolysis (PV-EC) has pushed PEC research into an embarrassed situation. In this paper, a comparison of PEC and PV-EC in terms of efficiency, cost, and stability is conducted and briefly discussed. It is suggested that the PEC should target on high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency based on cheap semiconductors in order to maintain its role in the technological race of sustainable hydrogen production.

关键词： hydrogen production photovoltaic electrocatalysis photoelectrocatalysis water splitting

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Metal-free, carbon-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions

Zhiyi Wu,Zafar Iqbal,Xianqin Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 280-294 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1524-4

摘要： Developing metal-free, carbon-based catalysts to replace platinum-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) is an emerging area of research. In recent years, different carbon structures including carbon doped with IIIA-VIIA heteroatoms (C−M site-based, where M represents the doped heteroatom) and polynitrogen (PN) compounds encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (N−N site-based) have been synthesized. Compared to metallic catalysts, these materials are highly active, stable, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. This review discusses the development of these materials, their ORR performances and the mechanisms for how the incorporation of heteroatoms enhances the ORR activity. Strategies for tailoring the structures of the carbon substrates to improve ORR performance are also discussed. Future studies in this area will need to include optimizing synthetic strategies to control the type, amount and distribution of the incorporated heteroatoms, as well as better understanding the ORR mechanisms in these catalysts.

关键词： oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis metal-free carbon-based polynitrogen

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NiFeRuO_x nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient overall alkaline seawater splitting

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期页码 1698-1706 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2334-8

摘要： The electrocatalyst NiFeRuO_x/NF, comprised of NiFeRuO_x nanosheets grown on Ni foam, was synthesized using a hydrothermal process followed by thermal annealing. NiFeRuO_x/NF displays high electrocatalytic activity and stability for overall alkaline seawater splitting: 98 mV@ 10 mA∙cm⁻² in hydrogen evolution reaction, 318 mV@ 50 mA∙cm⁻² in oxygen evolution reaction, and a cell voltage of 1.53 V@ 10 mA∙cm⁻², as well as 20 h of durability. A solar-driven system containing such a bifunctional NiFeRuO_x/NF has an almost 100% Faradaic efficiency. The NiFeRuO_x coating around Ni foam is an anti-corrosion layer and also a critical factor for enhancement of bifunctional performances.

关键词： NiFeRuO_x nanosheets Ni foam electrocatalysis overall seawater splitting solar-driven system

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High-entropy catalysts for electrochemical water-electrolysis of hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0892-6

摘要： High entropy materials (HEMs) have developed rapidly in the field of electrocatalytic water-electrolysis for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their unique properties. In particular, HEM catalysts are composed of many elements. Therefore, they have rich active sites and enhanced entropy stability relative to single atoms. In this paper, the preparation strategies and applications of HEM catalysts in electrochemical water-electrolysis are reviewed to explore the stabilization of HEMs and their catalytic mechanisms as well as their application in support green hydrogen production. First, the concept and four characteristics of HEMs are introduced based on entropy and composition. Then, synthetic strategies of HEM catalysts are systematically reviewed in terms of the categories of bottom-up and top-down. The application of HEMs as catalysts for electrochemical water-electrolysis in recent years is emphatically discussed, and the mechanisms of improving the performance of electrocatalysis is expounded by combining theoretical calculation technology and ex-situ/in situ characterization experiments. Finally, the application prospect of HEMs is proposed to conquer the challenges in HEM catalyst fabrications and applications.

关键词： high-entropy electrocatalysis synthetic methods water-electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen evolutions

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A review of Pt-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Changlin ZHANG, Xiaochen SHEN, Yanbo PAN, Zhenmeng PENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 268-285 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0466-6

摘要： Development of active and durable electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains one challenge for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology. Pt-based nanomaterials show the greatest promise as electrocatalyst for this reaction among all current catalytic structures. This review focuses on Pt-based ORR catalyst material development and covers the past achievements, current research status and perspectives in this research field. In particular, several important categories of Pt-based catalytic structures and the research advances are summarized. Key factors affecting the catalyst activity and durability are discussed. An outlook of future research direction of ORR catalyst research is provided.

关键词： oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis platinum catalyst activity durability

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Self-supported transition metal phosphide based electrodes as high-efficient water splitting cathodes

Yan Zhang, Jian Xiao, Qiying Lv, Shuai Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 494-508 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1732-9

摘要：

Electrolytic water splitting has been considered as a promising technology to produce highly pure H₂ by using electrical power produced from wind, solar energy or other fitful renewable energy resources. Combining novel self-supporting structure and high-performance transition metal phosphides (TMP) shows substantial promise for practical application in water splitting. In this review, we try to provide a comprehensive analysis of the design and fabrication of various self-supported TMP electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction, which are divided into three categories: catalysts growing on carbon-based substrates, catalysts growing on metal-based substrates and freestanding catalyst films. The material structures together with catalytic performances of self-supported electrodes are presented and discussed. We also show the specific strategies to further improve the catalytic performance by elemental doping or incorporation of nanocarbons. The simple and one-step methods to fabricate self-supported TMP electrodes are also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for self-supported TMP electrodes in water splitting application are briefly discussed.

关键词： transition metal phosphide self-supported electrode electrocatalysis hydrogen evolution reaction

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电化学氢-水转化系统中电解水和氢燃料电池催化剂的设计 Review

彭立山, 魏子栋

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第6期页码 653-679 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.028

摘要：

在当前的能源需求和气候变化的背景下，可持续能源系统的研究已取得实质性进展。氢-水电化学转化是一种理想的、无化石原料使用的可持续能源系统。然而，该能源系统中两种核心技术的能量转换，即电解水和燃料电池，仍有很大的改进空间。本文分析了氢-水能源系统中电解水和燃料电池的能量耗散，并讨论了在催化剂表面发生的涉及氢-氧反应的主要障碍。通过反应性中间体与表观催化性能之间的标度关系，本文总结了催化活性趋势的框架，为高活性氢-氧反应电催化剂的设计提供了思路。文中介绍了一系列基于催化性能的结构工程方法（包括纳米结构化、晶面工程、相工程、非晶化、缺陷工程、元素掺杂、界面工程和合金化）及其应用，着重介绍从以往的理论和实验研究中得到的合理指导，并概述了电化学氢-水转化系统中的关键科学问题，提出了开发具有高能量转化率的催化剂的研究方向。

关键词：可再生能源系统氢–水电化学循环电催化电催化剂工程结构设计水电解燃料电池

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袁佳欣, 程肖帝, 雷超君, 杨彬, 李中坚, 罗坤, K.H. Koko Lam, 雷乐成, 侯阳, Kostya Ken Ostrikov

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第9期页码 1306-1312 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.01.018

摘要：

开发高电流密度条件下的高性能析氧反应（OER）电催化剂，对于碱性电解水未来清洁能源的商业应用非常重要。鉴于此，我们通过将泡沫镍（NF）浸入Fe(NO₃)₃溶液，在泡沫镍基底上原位制备了三维（3D）双金属羟基氧化物杂化物（NiFeOOH/NF）。在这种独特的3D结构中，NiFeOOH/NF 杂化物由均匀生长在NF表面的晶态Ni(OH)₂和无定形FeOOH物种组成。作为双金属羟基氧化物电催化剂，NiFeOOH/NF杂化物表现出优异的电催化OER活性，其性能不仅超过被报道的其他Ni-Fe 基电催化剂，而且超过商业Ir/C 催化剂。拉曼光谱结果表明，NiFeOOH/NF 杂化物在电催化OER过程中产生的FeOOH和NiOOH物种，被认为是实际的催化活性相。得益于Fe 和Ni 催化位点的协同作用，在严苛的80 ℃、10.0 mol·L^﹣1 KOH电解液的工业测试条件下，NiFeOOH/NF杂化物表现出了优异的电催化OER性能，仅需1.47 V和1.51 V的应用电势就能分别达到100 mA·cm^﹣2和500 mA·cm^﹣²的高催化电流密度。

关键词：双金属羟基氧化物析氧反应协同效应高电流密度