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Thermal defluorination behaviors of PFOS, PFOA and PFBS during regeneration of activated carbon by molten

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1524-9

摘要：

• New method of mineralizing PFCs was proposed.

关键词： PFCs Molten sodium hydroxide Thermal degradation Activated carbon regeneration

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Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)

Chad D. VECITIS, Hyunwoong PARK, Jie CHENG, Brian T. MADER, Michael R. HOFFMANN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 129-151 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0022-7

摘要： Fluorochemicals (FCs) are oxidatively recalcitrant, environmentally persistent, and resistant to most conventional treatment technologies. FCs have unique physiochemical properties derived from fluorine which is the most electronegative element. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have been detected globally in the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Reducing treatment technologies such as reverses osmosis, nano-filtration and activated carbon can? remove ?FCs ?from ?water. ?However,? incineration ?of the concentrated waste is required for complete FC destruction. Recently, a number of alternative technologies for FC decomposition have been reported. The FC degradation technologies span a wide range of chemical processes including direct photolysis, photocatalytic oxidation, photochemical oxidation, photochemical reduction, thermally-induced reduction, and sonochemical pyrolysis. This paper reviews these FC degradation technologies in terms of kinetics, mechanism, energetic cost, and applicability. The optimal PFOS/PFOA treatment method is strongly dependent upon the FC concentration, background organic and metal concentration, and available degradation time.

关键词： fluorochemical (FC) degradation technologies perfluoroctanesulfonate (PFOS) perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) oxidation reduction photolysis thermolysis review

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Determination of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in water and suspended particulate matter in the river Elbe and North Sea, Germany

Lutz AHRENS, Merle PLASSMANN, Zhiyong XIE, Ralf EBINGHAUS

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 152-170 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0021-8

摘要： The distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in the dissolved and particulate phase and their discharge from the river Elbe into the North Sea were studied. The PFCs quantified included C -C perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 6∶2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6∶2 FTS), C and C perfluorinated sulfinates (PFSiAs), C -C perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoro-3,7-dimethyl-octanoic acid (3,7m -PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), and n-ethyl perfluroctane sulfonamidoethanol (EtFOSE). PFCs were mostly distributed in the dissolved phase, where perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated with 2.9-12.5 ng/L. In the suspended particulate matter FOSA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) showed the highest concentrations (4.0 ng/L and 2.3 ng/L, respectively). The total flux of ∑PFCs from the river Elbe was estimated to be 802 kg/year for the dissolved phase and 152 kg/year for the particulate phase. This indicates that the river Elbe acts as a source of PFCs into the North Sea. However, the concentrations of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) in the North Sea were higher than that in the river Elbe, thus an alternative source must exist for these compounds.

关键词： polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) surface water water-particulate partitioning