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Modeling and simulation of droplet translocation and fission by electrowetting-on-dielectrics (EWOD)

Nathan HOWELL, Weihua LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第4期   页码 376-388 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0104-z

摘要： This paper discusses methods of microfluidic droplet actuation by means of electrowetting-on-dielectrics (EWOD) and provides a technique for modeling and simulating a microfluidic device by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program, Flow3D. Digital or droplet microfluidics implies the manipulation of droplets on a scale of nanoliters (10 L) to femtoliters (10 L), as opposed to continuous microfluidics that involve the control of continuous fluid within a channel. The two operations in focus here are droplet translocation (moving) and droplet fission (splitting), in which the pressures and velocities within the droplet are analyzed and compared to existing works, both theoretical and experimental. The variation in the pressure of the leading and trailing faces of a droplet indicates the variation in surface energy—an important parameter that explains how a droplet will move toward a region of higher electric potential. The higher voltage on one side of a droplet reduces surface energy, which leads to an induced pressure drop, thus resulting in fluid motion. Flow3D simulations are for both water and blood droplets at voltages between 50 V and 200 V, and the droplet size, surface properties (Teflon coated), and geometry of the system are kept constant for each operation. Some peculiarities of the simulation are brought to light, such as instabilities of the system to higher voltages and fluids with higher dielectric constants, as well as the creation of a tertiary droplet when the applied voltage causes a large enough force during fission. The force distribution across the droplet provides a general understanding of the electrowetting effect and more specifically allows for a comparison between the effects that different voltages have on the forces at the droplet surface. The droplet position and mean kinetic energy of the droplet are also investigated and compared to other works, proving the dynamics of a droplet motion found here.

关键词： electrowetting-on-dielectrics (EWOD)     electrowetting     microfluidics     droplet translocation     droplet fission     Flow3D     dielectric constant    

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Characterization of 3D microstructure, thermal conductivity, and heat flow of cement-based foam using

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 643-651 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0709-9

摘要： This study presents the results of the 3D microstructure, thermal conductivity, and heat flow in cement-based foams and examines their changes with a range of densities. Images were captured using X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging technique on cement-based foam samples prepared with densities of 400, 600, and 800 kg/m3. These images were later simulated and quantified using 3D data visualization and analysis software. Based on the analysis, the pore volume of 11000 µm3 was determined across the three densities, leading to optimal results. However, distinct pore diameters of 15 µm for 800 kg/m3, and 20 µm for 600 and 400 kg/m3 were found to be optimum. Most of the pores were spherical, with only 10% appearing elongated or fractured. In addition, a difference of 15% was observed between the 2D and 3D porosity results. Moreover, a difference of 5% was noticed between the experimentally measured thermal conductivity and the numerically predicted value and this variation was constant across the three cast densities. The 3D model showed that heat flows through the cement paste solids and with an increase in porosity this flow reduces.

关键词： 3D pore volume distribution     X-ray tomography     3D shape factor     heat flow    

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Simulation of abrasive flow machining process for 2D and 3D mixture models

Rupalika DASH,Kalipada MAITY

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第10卷 第4期   页码 424-432 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0366-6

摘要：

Improvement of surface finish and material removal has been quite a challenge in a finishing operation such as abrasive flow machining (AFM). Factors that affect the surface finish and material removal are media viscosity, extrusion pressure, piston velocity, and particle size in abrasive flow machining process. Performing experiments for all the parameters and accurately obtaining an optimized parameter in a short time are difficult to accomplish because the operation requires a precise finish. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was employed to accurately determine optimum parameters. In the current work, a 2D model was designed, and the flow analysis, force calculation, and material removal prediction were performed and compared with the available experimental data. Another 3D model for a swaging die finishing using AFM was simulated at different viscosities of the media to study the effects on the controlling parameters. A CFD simulation was performed by using commercially available ANSYS FLUENT. Two phases were considered for the flow analysis, and multiphase mixture model was taken into account. The fluid was considered to be a Newtonian fluid and the flow laminar with no wall slip.

关键词： abrasive flow machining (AFM)     computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling     mixture model    

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3D finite element method (FEM) simulation of groundwater flow during backward erosion piping

Kristine VANDENBOER,Vera van BEEK,Adam BEZUIJEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 160-166 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0257-7

摘要： Backward erosion piping is an important failure mechanism for cohesive water retaining structures which are founded on a sandy aquifer. At present, the prediction models for safety assessment are often based on 2D assumptions. In this work, a 3D numerical approach of the groundwater flow leading to the erosion mechanism of backward erosion piping is presented and discussed. Comparison of the 2D and 3D numerical results explicitly demonstrates the inherent 3D nature of the piping phenomenon. In addition, the influence of the seepage length is investigated and discussed for both piping initiation and piping progression. The results clearly indicate the superiority of the presented 3D numerical model compared to the established 2D approach. Moreover, the 3D numerical results enable a better understanding of the complex physical mechanism involved in backward erosion piping and thus can lead to a significant improvement in the safety assessment of water retaining structures.

关键词： backward erosion piping     groundwater flow     3D finite element method (FEM)    

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Numerical analysis of 3-D unsteady flow in a vaneless counter-rotating turbine

ZHAO Qingjun, WANG Huishe, ZHAO Xiaolu, XU Jianzhong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 352-358 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0053-3

摘要： To reveal the unsteady flow characteristics of a vaneless counter-rotating turbine (VCRT), a three-dimensional, viscous, unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed. The results show that unsteady simulation is superior to steady simulation because more flow characteristics can be obtained. The unsteady effects in upstream airfoil rows are weaker than those in downstream airfoil rows in the VCRT. The static pressure distribution along the span in the pressure surface of a high pressure turbine stator is more uniform than that in the suction surface. The static pressure distributions along the span in the pressure surfaces and the suction surfaces of a high pressure turbine rotor and a low pressure turbine rotor are all uneven. The numerical results also indicate that the load of a high pressure turbine rotor will increase with the increase of the span. The deviation is very big between the direction of air flow at the outlet of a high pressure turbine rotor and the axial direction. A similar result can also be obtained in the outlet of a low pressure turbine rotor. This means that the specific work of a high pressure turbine rotor and a low pressure turbine rotor is big enough to reach the design objectives.

关键词： unsteady flow     three-dimensional     pressure distribution     similar result     unsteady simulation    

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Mass Transfer-Promoted Fe2+/Fe3+ Circulation Steered by 3D Flow-Through Co-Catalyst System Toward Sustainable

Weiyang Lv,Hao Li,Jinhui Wang,Lixin Wang,Zenglong Wu,Yuge Wang,Wenkai Song,Wenkai Cheng,Yuyuan Yao,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.010

摘要： Realizing fast and continuous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) via iron-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is significant in the environmental and biological fields. However, current AOPs assisted by co-catalysts still suffer from the poor mass/electron transfer and non-durable promotion effect, giving rise to the sluggish Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle and low dynamic concentration of Fe2+ for ROS production. Herein, we present a three-dimensional (3D) macroscale co-catalyst functionalized with MoS2 to achieve ultra-efficient Fe2+ regeneration (equilibrium Fe2+ ratio of 82.4%) and remarkable stability (more than 20 cycles) via a circulating flow-through process. Unlike the conventional batch-type reactor, experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations demonstrate that the optimal utilization of the 3D active area under the flow-through mode, initiated by the convection-enhanced mass/charge transfer for Fe2+ reduction and then strengthened by MoS2-induced flow rotation for sufficient reactant mixing, is crucial for oxidant activation and subsequent ROS generation. Strikingly, the flow-through co-catalytic system with superwetting capabilities can even tackle the intricate oily wastewater stabilized by different surfactants without the loss of pollutant degradation efficiency. Our findings highlight an innovative co-catalyst system design to expand the applicability of AOPs based technology, especially in large-scale complex wastewater treatment.

关键词： Advanced oxidation processes     3D co-catalyst     Flow-through mode     Enhanced mass transfer     Complex wastewater treatment    

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Method of internal 3D flow field numerical simulation for hydrodynamic torque converter

SHANG Tao, ZHAO Dingxuan, ZHANG Yuankun, GUO Xiangen, SHI Xiangzhong

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第3卷 第1期   页码 86-90 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0012-7

摘要： To enhance the performance of a hydrodynamic torque converter and thoroughly understand the trait of inside flow, a numerical simulation method of internal 3D flow for the three-element centrifugal hydrodynamic torque converter was systematically researched and expatiated in this paper. First, the internal flow field of each impeller was calculated. The curves that illustrate the relationships between the pressure differences of the inlet and outlet versus flux were drawn. Second, the concurrent working point of each impeller was approximately estimated. Finally, a calculation was performed considering the influence on each impeller. The flow field of a working point was solved by multiple calculations and the actual working condition was gradually determined. The pressure and velocity distributions of the flow field were proposed. The performance parameters of the hydrodynamic torque converter were predicted. The calculation method, and the proposed pressure and velocity distribution of the flow field, have practical significance for the design and improvement of a hydrodynamic torque converter.

关键词： velocity distribution     calculation     numerical simulation     three-element centrifugal     converter    

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An invariant descriptor for conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling of 3D protruding heaters inchannel flow

D. SANTOS,Murilo A. BARBUR

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第10卷 第3期   页码 263-276 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0345-y

摘要：

In this research, the temperatures of three-dimensional (3D) protruding heaters mounted on a conductive substrate in a horizontal rectangular channel with laminar airflow are related to the independent power dissipation in each heater by using a matrix G+ with invariant coefficients, which are dimensionless. These coefficients are defined in this study as the conjugate influence coefficients (g+) caused by the forced convection-conduction nature of the heaters’ cooling process. The temperature increase of each heater in the channel is quantified to clearly identify the contributions attributed to the self-heating and power dissipation in the other heaters (both upstream and downstream). The conjugate coefficients are invariant with the heat generation rate in the array of heaters when assuming a defined geometry, invariable fluid and flow rate, and constant substrate and heater conductivities. The results are numerically obtained by considering three 3D protruding heaters on a two-dimensional (2D) array by ANSYS/FluentTM 15.0 software. The conservation equations are solved by a coupled procedure within a single calculation domain comprising of solid and fluid regions and by considering a steady state laminar airflow with constant properties. Some examples are shown, indicating the effects of substrate thermal conductivity and Reynolds number on conjugate influence coefficients.

关键词： channel flow     conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling     conjugate influence coefficients     discrete heating     invariant descriptor     thermal management    

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CFD evaluation of pressure drop across a 3-D filter housing for industrial gas turbine plants

Fidelis I. ABAM,Samuel O. EFFIOM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 192-202 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0406-x

摘要： This paper investigated the flow distribution and total pressure drop across a designed 3-D filter housing integrated with a 3-stage filtration system using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The filter housing model was proposed for a heavy-duty industrial gas turbine plant operating at an average ambient temperature of 20°C.The pressure drops across the classes of filters were 652.8 Pa, 2692.2 Pa, 887.8 Pa, 776.2 Pa and 2304.2 Pa for I-GB, GB-GA, GA-FA, FA-HA, and HA-O, respectively. The results obtained indicated an acceptable total pressure drop of 7.2% for the entire filter housing before filter clean-up. Although the CFD simulation result shows that small outlet flow velocity and transonic flows exist at the outlet of the filter housing, the designed filter housing was proved compatible with the studied GT, for inlet flow conditions between 600≤ ≤610 kg/s and 60≤ ≤70 m/s for the air flow rate and velocity, respectively. Furthermore, the designed filter housing could be adopted for the studied GT and locations of Usan and Maiduguri in Nigeria, and other locations with similar environmental conditions.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics (CFD)     pressure drop     flow distribution     filter housing     gas turbine    

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3D finite element prediction of chip flow, burr formation, and cutting forces in micro end-milling of

A. DAVOUDINEJAD, P. PARENTI, M. ANNONI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第2期   页码 203-214 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0421-6

摘要：

Predictive models for machining operations have been significantly improved through numerous methods in recent decades. This study proposed a 3D finite element modeling (3D FEM) approach for the micro end-milling of Al6061-T6. Finite element (FE) simulations were performed under different cutting conditions to obtain realistic numerical predictions of chip flow, burr formation, and cutting forces. FE modeling displayed notable advantages, such as capability to easily handle any type of tool geometry and any side effect on chip formation, including thermal aspect and material property changes. The proposed 3D FE model considers the effects of mill helix angle and cutting edge radius on the chip. The prediction capability of the FE model was validated by comparing numerical model and experimental test results. Burr dimension trends were correlated with force profile shapes. However, the FE predictions overestimated the real force magnitude. This overestimation indicates that the model requires further development.

关键词： 3D finite element modeling     micro end-milling     cutting force     chip formation     burr formation    

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关于3D打印技术在医学模具以及再生组织和器官方面的应用综述

Kan Wang, Chia-Che Ho, Chuck Zhang, Ben Wang

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第5期   页码 653-662 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.05.013

摘要： 随着三维（3D）打印和3D 生物打印技术的快速发展，许多研究人员已经开始使用增材制造技术来生产具有多种功能的医学模具。本文综述了3D 打印和3D 生物打印技术在制作功能性医学模具和生物结构方面的应用。特别讨论了3D 打印功能性医学模具（即组织模拟医学模具、放射性医学模具和生理医学模具）及被用于再生组织和器官的3D 生物打印模具的制备（即混合模式支架材料、可转换支架和集成传感器）工艺、发展现状以及未来发展趋势

关键词： 3D打印     3D生物打印     医学模具     再生组织/器官     支架    

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HAPE3D—a new constructive algorithm for the 3D irregular packing problem

Xiao LIU,Jia-min LIU,An-xi CAO,Zhuang-le YAO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第5期   页码 380-390 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400421

摘要： We propose a new constructive algorithm, called HAPE3D, which is a heuristic algorithm based on the principle of minimum total potential energy for the 3D irregular packing problem, involving packing a set of irregularly shaped polyhedrons into a box-shaped container with fixed width and length but unconstrained height. The objective is to allocate all the polyhedrons in the container, and thus minimize the waste or maximize profit. HAPE3D can deal with arbitrarily shaped polyhedrons, which can be rotated around each coordinate axis at different angles. The most outstanding merit is that HAPE3D does not need to calculate no-fit polyhedron (NFP), which is a huge obstacle for the 3D packing problem. HAPE3D can also be hybridized with a meta-heuristic algorithm such as simulated annealing. Two groups of computational experiments demonstrate the good performance of HAPE3D and prove that it can be hybridized quite well with a meta-heuristic algorithm to further improve the packing quality.

关键词： 3D packing problem     Layout design     Simulation     Optimization     Constructive algorithm     Meta-heuristics    

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使用2D、3D和4D增材制造材料开发生物植入物 Review

刘果, 何云虎, 刘朋超, 陈舟, 陈绪梁, 万镭, 李莹, 吕坚

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第11期   页码 1232-1243 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.015

摘要： 但是，用于制造生物植入物的3D可打印材料仍然非常有限。本研究对用于生物植入物的2D、3D AM材料进行了概述。此外，在我们团队先前开发的4D打印陶瓷前驱体及陶瓷材料的基础上，受太极思想的启发，本文提出了一种简单而新颖的软硬集成4D增材制造概念，以应用于人体系统中复杂且动态的生物结构。多材料打印技术的发展，使得人们未来可以使用2D、3D、4D AM材料开发生物植入物和软硬集成生物结构。

关键词： 生物打印     2D增材制造     3D打印     4D打印     生物植入物    

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Construction of digital 3D magic-cube organization structure for innovation-driven manufacturing

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 373-390 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0237-x

摘要： Owing to the heterogeneity between functional units and resource scarcity, manufacturing firms have been struggling with intra-organizational coordination for productivity and innovation. Traditional organizational structures, such as linear-functional and matrix, may cause responsibility division and independent goals (Shahani, 2020), and are more difficult to be adopted by large-sized innovative manufacturing firms for quantity production. This is based on a review of several new forms of organization (i.e., network organization, multiteam system, and platform organization) compared with the traditional forms of organization (i.e., linear, matrix, and business unit organization, among others). This study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) magic-cube organizational structure, considering the product dimensions, business, and administration. Moreover, the characteristics, propositions of system operation, system dynamic model, and working model of the 3D magic-cube organization are described. Finally, the 3D model is applied in a Chinese manufacturing firm to test its effectiveness. By redesigning the post and pay system, the pilot organization establishes a project-driven and cross-functional coordination mechanism, positively affecting the firm’s financial profit, output value, labor productivity, and income of per capita. The proposed 3D model can be adopted by large- or medium-sized manufacturing firms for product development and innovation. The implications of both practice and theory are also discussed in this study.

关键词： innovation     manufacturing     3D magic-cube organization structure     coordination    

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Animage-based approach to the reconstruction of ancient architectures by extracting and arranging 3D

Divya Udayan J,HyungSeok KIM,Jee-In KIM

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第1期   页码 12-27 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400141

摘要： The objective of this research is the rapid reconstruction of ancient buildings of historical importance using a single image. The key idea of our approach is to reduce the infinite solutions that might otherwise arise when recovering a 3D geometry from 2D photographs. The main outcome of our research shows that the proposed methodology can be used to reconstruct ancient monuments for use as proxies for digital effects in applications such as tourism, games, and entertainment, which do not require very accurate modeling. In this article, we consider the reconstruction of ancient Mughal architecture including the Taj Mahal. We propose a modeling pipeline that makes an easy reconstruction possible using a single photograph taken from a single view, without the need to create complex point clouds from multiple images or the use of laser scanners. First, an initial model is automatically reconstructed using locally fitted planar primitives along with their boundary polygons and the adjacency relation among parts of the polygons. This approach is faster and more accurate than creating a model from scratch because the initial reconstruction phase provides a set of structural information together with the adjacency relation, which makes it possible to estimate the approximate depth of the entire structural monument. Next, we use manual extrapolation and editing techniques with modeling software to assemble and adjust different 3D components of the model. Thus, this research opens up the opportunity for the present generation to experience remote sites of architectural and cultural importance through virtual worlds and real-time mobile applications. Variations of a recreated 3D monument to represent an amalgam of various cultures are targeted for future work.

关键词： Digital reconstruction     3D virtual world     3D spatial components     Vision and scene understanding    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Modeling and simulation of droplet translocation and fission by electrowetting-on-dielectrics (EWOD)

Nathan HOWELL, Weihua LI

期刊论文

Characterization of 3D microstructure, thermal conductivity, and heat flow of cement-based foam using

期刊论文

Simulation of abrasive flow machining process for 2D and 3D mixture models

Rupalika DASH,Kalipada MAITY

期刊论文

3D finite element method (FEM) simulation of groundwater flow during backward erosion piping

Kristine VANDENBOER,Vera van BEEK,Adam BEZUIJEN

期刊论文

Numerical analysis of 3-D unsteady flow in a vaneless counter-rotating turbine

ZHAO Qingjun, WANG Huishe, ZHAO Xiaolu, XU Jianzhong

期刊论文

Mass Transfer-Promoted Fe2+/Fe3+ Circulation Steered by 3D Flow-Through Co-Catalyst System Toward Sustainable

Weiyang Lv,Hao Li,Jinhui Wang,Lixin Wang,Zenglong Wu,Yuge Wang,Wenkai Song,Wenkai Cheng,Yuyuan Yao,

期刊论文

Method of internal 3D flow field numerical simulation for hydrodynamic torque converter

SHANG Tao, ZHAO Dingxuan, ZHANG Yuankun, GUO Xiangen, SHI Xiangzhong

期刊论文

An invariant descriptor for conjugate forced convection-conduction cooling of 3D protruding heaters inchannel flow

D. SANTOS,Murilo A. BARBUR

期刊论文

CFD evaluation of pressure drop across a 3-D filter housing for industrial gas turbine plants

Fidelis I. ABAM,Samuel O. EFFIOM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN

期刊论文

3D finite element prediction of chip flow, burr formation, and cutting forces in micro end-milling of

A. DAVOUDINEJAD, P. PARENTI, M. ANNONI

期刊论文

关于3D打印技术在医学模具以及再生组织和器官方面的应用综述

Kan Wang, Chia-Che Ho, Chuck Zhang, Ben Wang

期刊论文

HAPE3D—a new constructive algorithm for the 3D irregular packing problem

Xiao LIU,Jia-min LIU,An-xi CAO,Zhuang-le YAO

期刊论文

使用2D、3D和4D增材制造材料开发生物植入物

刘果, 何云虎, 刘朋超, 陈舟, 陈绪梁, 万镭, 李莹, 吕坚

期刊论文

Construction of digital 3D magic-cube organization structure for innovation-driven manufacturing

期刊论文

Animage-based approach to the reconstruction of ancient architectures by extracting and arranging 3D

Divya Udayan J,HyungSeok KIM,Jee-In KIM

期刊论文