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Fully integrated approach: an alternative solution of coupling a GIS and diffuse pollution models

S. LIU,R.E. BRAZIER,A. L. HEATHWAITE,W. LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 616-623 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0589-x

摘要： As a tool for management, query, visualization and analysis of spatially referred information, GIS has been recognized as a method to aid the modeling of diffuse pollution and visualize the results in a spatial context. A common question in integrating diffuse pollution models and GIS is to choose a suitable coupling approach, in which the feature of diffuse pollution models should be taken into account. In this paper, we report on our experience in coupling a distributed diffuse pollution model with a GIS. A prototype of fully integrated system is developed in this paper. This system has high flexibility, extendibility and great data management efficiency. Differences in applicability of loose coupling, tight coupling and fully integrated approaches are addressed. It is concluded that the fully integrated approach can avoid tanglesome data exchange and routine execution and more robust than loose and tight coupling approaches and is suitable for distributed diffuse pollution modes.

关键词： diffuse pollution GIS modeling nutrients phosphorus

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Regional GIS-based evaluation of the potential and supply costs of forest biomass in Sweden

Dimitris ATHANASSIADIS, Tomas NORDFJELL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 493-501 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017179

摘要： The potential for harvestable forest fuel (logging residues and stumps from regeneration fellings and small diameter trees from early thinnings) in Sweden, divided in five regions, is provided. Marginal cost curves for logging residues and stumps are calculated through a GIS-based method based on forest inventory plots and locations of selected terminals, and heat and combined heat and power facilities. Four supply chains for logging residues and two for stumpwood were compared. Fixed and variable costs of harvesting equipment and transport vehicles were used for determining the costs of each of the supply systems under consideration. A list with the GPS coordinates of all facilities and terminals was made based on their geographical location. The distance from the center of each forest inventory plot to the nearest receiving point within the region, either facility or terminal, was estimated. There were large differences in the estimated potential of harvestable forest fuel between the regions. The overall annual potential for each of the five regions ranged from 0.97 to 2.73 million oven dry tonnes and the total potential amounted to 9.39 Mt (oven dry). One of the northernmost regions (R1) had the steepest slope in its marginal cost curve. For the other regions, the slope of their cost curves was less dramatic. Information on the economic availability of logging residues and stumps in each region is important for forest fuel suppliers and receiving facilities.

关键词： GIS logging residues heat and-power faci-lities stumpwood

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基于GIS的地震火灾动态蔓延模拟

谢旭阳,任爱珠

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第8期页码 82-87

摘要：

用惠更斯原理对震后火灾的动态蔓延过程进行了模拟，并开发了基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾动态蔓延模拟系统，该系统可以模拟单个或者多个起火点的动态蔓延过程

关键词：地震次生火灾 GIS 火灾动态蔓延模拟系统

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Oral product input to the GI tract: GIS an oral product performance technology

Gordon L. Amidon, Yasuhiro Tsume

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 516-520 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1658-7

摘要： The patient receives a pharmaceutical product, not a drug. The pharmaceutical products are formulated with a drug, an active ingredient to produce the maximum therapeutic effect after oral absorption. Therefore, it is the product we must optimize for the patients. In order to assure the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products, we need an predictive tool for oral product performance in patients. Currently, we are a surprisingly long way from accomplishing that objective. If the 20th century was the ‘age of the drug’, i.e., the ‘magic bullet’, the 21st century must become the ‘age of the guided missile’, i.e., the delivery system, including the form of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) (‘drug’). The physical form of the drug and the delivery system must be optimized to maximize the therapeutic benefits of pharmaceutical products for humans. Oral immediate release (IR) dosage forms cannot be optimal for all drugs or likely even any drugs (APIs). Still, the formulation of pharmaceutical products has to be optimized for patients. But how do we optimize oral delivery of drugs? It is usually through ‘trial and error’, in humans! We need a better way to optimize the oral dosage forms. We have suggested to select different dissolution methodologies for this optimization based on BCS Subclasses. In this article, we present the predicted drug dissolution profile of ketoconazole as a model drug from our laboratory utilizing a gastrointestinal simulator (GIS), which is an adaptation of the ASD system. GIS consists of three chambers representing stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, to create the human gastrointestinal tract-like environment and enable the control the gastric emptying rate. This dissolution system allows the monitoring of the drug dissolution phenomena and the observation of the supersaturation and the precipitation of pharmaceutical products, which is useful information to predict dissolution of pharmaceutical products. This system can provide the actual input needed to accurately predict the input into the systemic circulation required by many of the absorption prediction packages available today.

关键词： GIS in vivo predictive dissolution ketoconazole BCS subclassification supersaturation

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基于GIS的混凝土坝施工可视化仿真技术及其应用

李景茹,钟登华

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第8期页码 70-74

摘要：

将可视化技术与仿真技术相结合，提出了基于GIS的混凝土坝施工可视化仿真技术，开发了相应的软件GVSS。GVSS是用于制定和优化混凝土坝施工进度计划的工具，提供了可视化和查询等功能。

关键词：可视化仿真地理信息系统（GIS）混凝土坝施工进度优化

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基于Voronoi区的GIS中方向关系的描述与计算

李成名

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第5期页码 25-29

摘要：

方向关系在地理信息系统（GIS）中占据着十分重要的地位，由于它的模糊性和依赖空间实体形状的特性，使得它的形式化描述和判断比较困难。

关键词：方向关系 Voronoi区 CDR MBR

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GIS-based numerical simulation of Amamioshima debris flow in Japan

Jian WU, Guangqi CHEN, Lu ZHENG, Yingbin ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 206-214 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0198-6

摘要： Debris flow is a rapid flow which could lead to severe flooding with catastrophic consequences such as damage to properties and loss of human lives. It is important to study the movement of debris flow. Since during a debris flow process, the erosion and deposition processes are important, the no entrainment assumption is not acceptable. In this study, first we considered the debris flow as equivalent fluid and adopted the depth-averaged govern equations to simulate the movements and evolution of river bed. Secondly, the set of partial differential equations was solved numerically by means of explicit staggered leap-frog scheme that is accurate in space and time. The grid of difference scheme was derived from GIS raster data. Then the simulation results can be displayed by GIS and easily used to form the hazard maps. Finally, the numerical model coupled with GIS is applied to simulate the debris flow occurred on Oct. 20th, 2010, in Amamioshima City, Japan. The simulation reproduces the movement, erosion and deposition. The results are shown to be consistent with the field investigation.

关键词： debris flow numerical simulation GIS movement erosion deposition

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论GIS空间关系描述中存在的几个基本问题

邓敏,李成名,刘晓丽

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第5期页码 20-24

摘要：

首先剖析了空间关系描述中“空间”的概念，论述了拓扑关系具有与实体位置本身无关的特性，进而阐述了空间实体的拓扑表达，分析了拓扑空间描述存在的不足，以及与地理环境、地理空间认知的相关性，提出了纳入度量特性的拓扑空间关系描述的方法。

关键词：空间拓扑空间关系空间关系描述

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基于ArcObjects的西堠门大桥结构监测软件设计

谢浩,李娜,冯良平,陈卫国,张晓斌,刘志强

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第7期页码 107-109

摘要：

论述了桥梁结构监测系统软件的基本功能、基本组成；阐述了ArcObjects在软件中的应用；指出了软件设计的关键技术和难点。

关键词： GIS ArcObjects 结构监测

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工程移民决策支持研究

王家耀,姚松龄

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第9期页码 80-84

摘要：

工程移民指工程建设引起的非自愿的搬迁安置活动，工程移民决策包括规划决策和管理决策，这在国内外都是一个新课题，基于GIS的工程移民DSS是实施科学决策的有效手段，文章对工程移民决策支持的理论、方法进行了探讨

关键词：工程移民决策支持地理信息系统（GIS) 决策支持系统（DSS)

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水电工程地质信息三维可视化与分析

刘东海,钟登华,李明超

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第5期页码 65-70

摘要：

传统工程地质资料的描述和解释直观性差，往往不能充分揭示地质构造空间变化的规律，所以越来越难以满足设计人员进行空间地质分析的要求，文章利用GIS和可视化技术，提出了水电工程地质信息数字化与三维可视化方法

关键词：水电工程地质信息三维可视化 GIS 地质分析

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基于GIS 的中国深圳市城市快速路环境敏感性评估 Article

李骐安, 郭凤清, 关云涛

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 230-234 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.002

摘要：为了评估该城市快速路沿线的环境敏感性，并最大限度地减少道路建设及未来通行对周边生态系统的影响，本文借助地理信息系统（GIS）对相关区域的环境敏感性进行了评估。

关键词：环境敏感区城市快速路地理信息系统低影响开发

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太湖流域农业经营集约化管理研究

史健鹏,金苗,任泽,黄贤忠,李旭祥

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 104-107

摘要：以GIS为平台估算其耕地面积和化肥的科学施用量，用SPSS相关性分析当地居民的问卷调查，对集约化管理产生的经济效益和环境效益进行详细分析，得出农业面源污染物总氮、总磷排放比2005年各下降21 %和16

关键词：太湖农业面源污染集约化管理 GIS SPSS

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三维GIS中地层多比例尖灭自动建模技术

董志

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第2期页码 76-82

摘要：

利用地质勘察数据导入到三维系统中，运用各种三维空间构模方法，自动进行地层推理与连接，生成三维地层模型。以多数据源自动生成模型，可以方便地使地学领域中的地质工作者从繁重的地质信息获取和地质解释手工劳动中解放出来，提高了三维地层建模的速度和构建质量。

关键词：地质三维模型虚拟钻孔多比例尖灭自动建模三角形自分解

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面向城镇住宅建筑光伏一体化的GIS开放数据协同仿真平台 Article

Marco Massano, Enrico Macii, Andrea Lanzini, Edoardo Patti, Lorenzo Bottaccioli

《工程（英文）》 2023年第26卷第7期页码 198-213 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.020

摘要：

The rising awareness of environmental issues and the increase of renewable energy sources (RES) has led to a shift in energy production toward RES, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, and toward a distributed generation (DG) model of energy production that requires systems in which energy is generated, stored, and consumed locally. In this work, we present a methodology that integrates geographic information system (GIS)-based PV potential assessment procedures with models for the estimation of both energy generation and consumption profiles. In particular, we have created an innovative infrastructure that co-simulates PV integration on building rooftops together with an analysis of households’ electricity demand. Our model relies on high spatiotemporal resolution and considers both shadowing effects and real-sky conditions for solar radiation estimation. It integrates methodologies to estimate energy demand with a high temporal resolution, accounting for realistic populations with realistic consumption profiles. Such a solution enables concrete recommendations to be drawn in order to promote an understanding of urban energy systems and the integration of RES in the context of future smart cities. The proposed methodology is tested and validated within the municipality of Turin, Italy. For the whole municipality, we estimate both the electricity absorbed from the residential sector (simulating a realistic population) and the electrical energy that could be produced by installing PV systems on buildings' rooftops (considering two different scenarios, with the former using only the rooftops of residential buildings and the latter using all available rooftops). The capabilities of the platform are explored through an in-depth analysis of the obtained results. Generated power and energy profiles are presented, emphasizing the flexibility of the resolution of the spatial and temporal results. Additional energy indicators are presented for the self-consumption of produced energy and the avoidance of CO₂ emissions.

关键词：能源信息地理信息系统负载评估开放数据光伏发电住宅城市规划联合仿真