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A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Gang XIAO, Baosheng JIN, Mingjiang NI, Kefa CEN, Yong CHI, Zhongxin TAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 193-204 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0268-0

摘要： Considering high-moisture municipal solid waste (MSW) of China, a steam dried MSW gasification and melting process was proposed, the feasibility was tested, and the mass and energy balance was analyzed. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed drying apparatus, a 200 kg per day fluidized-bed gasifier, and a swirl melting furnace. Moisture percentage was reduced from 50% to 20% roughly when MSW was dried by slightly superheated steam of 150°C–350°C within 40 min. When the temperature was less than 250°C, no incondensable gas was produced during the drying process. The gasifier ran at 550°C–700°Cwith an air equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2–0.4. The temperature of the swirl melting furnace reached about 1240°C when the gasification ER was 0.3 and the total ER was 1.1. At these conditions, the fly ash concentration in the flue gas was 1.7 g·(Nm ) , which meant over 95% fly ash was trapped in the furnace and discharged as slag. 85% of Ni and Cr were bound in the slag, as well as 60% of Cu. The mass and energy balance analysis indicates that the boiler heat efficiency of an industrial MSW incineration plant reaches 86.97% when MSW is dried by steam of 200°C. The boiler heat efficiency is sensitive to three important parameters, including the temperature of preheated MSW, the moisture percentage of dried MSW and the fly ash percentage in the total ash.

关键词： municipal solid waste (MSW) steam drying gasification and melting

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Augmented hydrogen production by gasification of ball milled polyethylene with Ca(OH)

Giovanni Cagnetta, Kunlun Zhang, Qiwu Zhang, Jun Huang, Gang Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1096-5

摘要：

PE ball milling pretreatment induces higher H₂ production and purity by gasification.

Ca(OH)₂ reacts at solid state with PE boosting H₂ and capturing CO₂.

Ca(OH)₂ significantly reduces methanation side-reaction.

关键词： Hydrogen production Gasification Plastic waste High energy ball milling

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Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical or subcritical water with Raney-Ni and other

Aixia PEI, Lisheng ZHANG, Bizheng JIANG, Liejin GUO, Ximin ZHANG, Youjun LV, Hui JIN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 456-464 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0069-y

摘要： Gasification of peanut shell, sawdust and straw in supercritical or subcritical water has been studied in a batch reactor with the presence of a series of Raney-Ni and its mixture with ZnCl or Ca(OH). The main gas products were hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of carbon monoxide. Different types of Raney-Ni, containing different metal components such as Fe, Mo or Cr, have different influences on the gasification yield and hydrogen selectivity. The catalysis effect can be improved obviously by adding ZnCl or Ca(OH). Increasing the reaction temperature or adding ZnCl and Ca(OH) could improve the mass of H in gas products and reduce the mass of CH and CO at the same time. The possible mechanism is that ZnCl can decompose the biomass particle by accelerating cellulose hydrolyzation in high-temperature water, increasing more specific surface to admit catalysts, while Ca(OH) can absorb CO to produce CaCO deposit, which can drop out from the reactant system, and which will drive the reaction to get more hydrogen. With respect to the biomass conversion to gas product and selectivity of H at low temperature, the series of Raney-Ni has shown many advantages over other catalysts; thus, this kind of catalyst has great potential to be utilized in the hydrogen industry for the gasification of biomass.

关键词： Different presence sawdust Raney-Ni Gasification

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Crystallization and viscosity-temperature characteristics during co-gasification of industrial sludge

Linmin ZHANG, Bin LIU, Juntao WEI, Xudong SONG, Yonghui BAI, Jiaofei WANG, Ying ZHOU, Huijun YANG, Guangsuo YU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 1037-1047 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0824-x

摘要： Co-gasification of industrial sludge (IS) and coal was an effective approach to achieve harmless and sustainable utilization of IS. The long-term and stable operation of a co-gasification largely depends on fluidity of coal-ash slag. Herein, the effects of IS addition on the crystallization and viscosity of Shuangmazao (SMZ) coal were investigated by means of high temperature stage coupled with an optical microscope (HTSOM), a scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and FactSage software. The results showed that when the proportion of IS was less than 60%, with the addition of IS, the slag existed in an amorphous form. This was due to the high content of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ in SMZ ash and blended ash, which had a high glass-forming ability (GFA). The slag formed at a high temperature had a higher polymerization degree and viscosity, which led to a decrease in the migration ability between ions, and ultimately made the slag difficult to crystallize during the cooling. When the proportion of IS was higher than 60%, the addition of IS increased the CaO and FeO content in the system. As network modifiers, CaO and FeO could provide O²⁻ at a high temperature, which reacted with silicate network structure and continuously destroyed the complexity of network structure, thus reducing the polymerization degree and viscosity of slag. At this time, the migration ability between ions was enhanced, and needle-shaped/rod-shaped crystals were precipitated during the cooling process. Finally, the viscosity calculated by simulation and Einstein-Roscoe empirical formula demonstrated that the addition of IS could significantly improve the fluidity of coal ash and meet the requirements of the liquid slag-tapping gasifier. The purpose of this work was to provide theoretical support for slag flow mechanisms during the gasifier slagging-tapping process and the resource treatment of industrial solid waste.

关键词： co-gasification industrial sludge crystallization viscosity mineral matter evolution

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NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING COW DUNG AS FEEDSTOCK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第3期页码 458-467 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023500

摘要：

● Gasification of cow dung was evaluated using Aspen Plus software.

关键词： Aspen Plus biomass gasification manure of livestock and poultry simulation syngas

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CFD based combustion model for sewage sludge gasification in a fluidized bed

Yiqun WANG, Lifeng YAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 138-145 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0050-7

摘要： Gasification is one potential way to use sewage sludge as renewable energy and solve the environmental problems caused by the huge amount of sewage sludge. In this paper, a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to simulate the sewage sludge gasification process in a fluidized bed. The model describes the complex physical and chemical phenomena in the gasifier including turbulent flow, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions. The model is based on the Eulerian-Lagrangian concept using the non-premixed combustion modeling approach. In terms of the CFD software FLUENT, which represents a powerful tool for gasifier analysis, the simulations provide detailed information on the gas products and temperature distribution in the gasifier. The model sensitivity is analyzed by performing the model in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed in the literature, and the model validation is carried out by comparing with experimental data from the literature. Results show that reasonably good agreement was achieved. Effects of temperature and Equivalence Ratio (ER) on the quality of product syngas (H + CO) are also studied.

关键词： CFD model sewage sludge gasification syngas

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Status of domestic gasification technology in China

Zhimin HUANG , Jiansheng ZHANG , Guangxi YUE ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 330-336 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0021-1

摘要： Five domestic gasification technologies in China were presented and reviewed, including opposed multi-burner (OMB) gasification technology of coal water slurry (CWS), oxygen staged gasification technology, two-stage dry feed entrained flow gasification, pulverized coal gasification process of HT-L, and ash agglomerating fluidized bed gasification. The former four technologies belong to pressurized entrained flow gasification technology. The process description, technology characteristics, research and development process, performance indexes and commercialization progress of these technologies were mainly discussed.

关键词： domestic gasification technology research and development performance commercialization

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Biomass to dimethyl ether by gasification/synthesis technology

Tiejun WANG, Yuping LI, Longlong MA, Chuangzhi WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 330-339 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0121-y

摘要： Technical and economic analysis was done for the biomass to dimethyl ether (DME) technology to promote the gasification/synthesis route for biofuel production and its application as a fossil fuel substitute. The technology of biomass gasification/synthesis has obvious advantages, including production flexibility, environmental friendliness, economic feasibility, and application versatility. Biomass gasification/synthesis technology integrates bio-DME synthesis, fertilizer production, electricity generation, and waste heat utilization to convert waste biomass residues to DME for use as liquid petroleum gas, transportation fuel substitute, and chemical intermediates, which has been proven to be one of the most effective and clean biomass utilization routes. The 1000 t/a-scale demonstration plant has a bio-DME production rate of 6 to 7 / , biomass gasification efficiency of≥82%, once-through CO conversion of ≥70%, DME selectivity (DME/DME+other organic products) of ≥90%, and a total system efficiency of ≥38%. The demonstration plant also has self-sufficient steam and electricity supply. The 10,000tons/a-scale bio-DME production cost with or without feedstock subsidy is estimated to be 1968 Yuan/t and 2868 Yuan/t, respectively in China. Because of the limitation in biomass feedstock collection cost, massive and disperse commercial plants with a capacity of 10000 t/a bio-DME are more suitable for rural areas.

关键词： technical and economic analysis biomass dimethyl ether gasification/synthesis

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On the fouling mechanism of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane in the treatment of coal gasification

Xue Zou,Jin Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 490-498 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1600-4

摘要： Membrane fouling has been investigated by using a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 20 kDa to treat crushed coal pressurized gasification wastewater. Under the conditions of different feed pressures, the permeate flux declines and rejection coefficients of pollutants referring to three parameters (total organic carbon (TOC), chroma and turbidity) were studied. The membrane fouling mechanism was simulated with three classical membrane fouling models. The membrane image and pollutants were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrography (GC-MS). The results indicate that the permeate flux decreases with volume reduction factor before reaching a constant value. The rejection coefficients were also measured: = 70.5%, = 84.9% and = 91%. Further analysis shows that the higher the feed pressure is, the sooner the permeate flux reaches constant value and the more sharply the permeate flux declines. Constant flux indicates a nonlinear growth with feed pressure ( ): when equals 1.2 bar, the mark for the critical flux, slight membrane fouling occurs; when exceeds 1.2 bar, cake layer pollution aggravates. Also the rejection coefficients of global pollutant increases slightly with , suggesting the possibility of cake compression when exceeds 1.2 bar. Through regression analysis, the fouling of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane could be fitted very well by cake filtration model. The membrane pollutants were identified as phthalate esters and long-chain alkenes by GC-MS, and a certain amount of inorganic pollutants by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

关键词： membrane fouling ultrafiltration membrane coal gasification wastewater rejection coefficient

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Effect of pressure on gasification reactivity of three Chinese coals with different ranks

Chunyu LI, Jiantao ZHAO, Yitian FANG, Yang WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 385-393 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0501-1

摘要： The gasification reactivities of three kinds of different coal ranks (Huolinhe lignite, Shenmu bituminous coal, and Jincheng anthracite) with CO and H O was carried out on a self-made pressurized fixed-bed reactor at increased pressures (up to 1.0 MPa). The physicochemical characteristics of the chars at various levels of carbon conversion were studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and BET surface area. Results show that the char gasification reactivity increases with increasing partial pressure. The gasification reaction is controlled by pore diffusion, the rate decreases with increasing total system pressure, and under chemical kinetic control there is no pressure dependence. In general, gasification rates decrease for coals of progressively higher rank. The experimental results could be well described by the shrinking core model for three chars during steam and CO gasification. The values of reaction order with steam were 0.49, 0.46, 0.43, respectively. Meanwhile, the values of reaction order with CO were 0.31, 0.28, 0.26, respectively. With the coal rank increasing, the pressure order is higher, the activation energies increase slightly with steam, and the activation energy with CO increases noticeably. As the carbon conversion increases, the degree of graphitization is enhanced. The surface area of the gasified char increases rapidly with the progress of gasification and peaks at about 40% of char gasification.

关键词： coal gasification pressure reaction order shrinking core model

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SIMULATION OF O-BLOWN CO-GASIFICATION OF WOOD CHIP AND POTATO PEEL FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第3期页码 448-457 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023490

摘要：

● Low-value biowaste including wood chip and potato peel was valorized to syngas.

关键词： Aspen Plus co-gasification potato peel syngas simulation waste reduction wood chip

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Pilot scale autothermal gasification of coconut shell with CO

Bayu PRABOWO,Herri SUSANTO,Kentaro UMEKI,Mi YAN,Kunio YOSHIKAWA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 362-370 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0375-5

摘要： This paper explored the feasibility and benefit of CO utilization as gasifying agent in the autothermal gasification process. The effects of CO injection on reaction temperature and producer gas composition were examined in a pilot scale downdraft gasifier by varying the CO /C ratio from 0.6 to 1.6. O was injected at an equivalence ratio of approximately 0.33–0.38 for supplying heat through partial combustion. The results were also compared with those of air gasification. In general, the increase in CO injection resulted in the shift of combustion zone to the downstream of the gasifier. However, compared with that of air gasification, the long and distributed high temperature zones were obtained in CO -O gasification with a CO /C ratio of 0.6–1.2. The progress of the expected CO to CO conversion can be implied from the relatively insignificant decrease in CO fraction as the CO /C ratio increased. The producer gas heating value of CO -O gasification was consistently higher than that of air gasification. These results show the potential of CO -O gasification for producing high quality producer gas in an efficient manner, and the necessity for more work to deeply imply the observation.

关键词： biomass gasification CO₂ downdraft gasifier autothermal

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Intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion of catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles

Xuantao Wu, Jie Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 415-426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1725-8

摘要： Catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles was carried out using a self-made laboratory reactor to determine the intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion under varying pressures (0.1–0.5 MPa) and superficial gas flow velocities (GFVs) of 13.8–68.8 cm?s . In order to estimate the gas release rate at a low GFV, the transported effect of effluent gas on the temporal gasification rate pattern was simulated by the Fluent computation and verified experimentally. The external mass transfer coefficients ( ) and the effectiveness factors were determined at lower GFVs, based on the intrinsic gasification rate obtained at a high GFV of 55.0 cm?s . The was found to be almost invariable in a wider carbon conversion of 0.2–0.7. The variations of at a median carbon conversion with GFV, temperature and pressure were found to follow a modified Chilton-Colburn correlation: (0.04< <0.19), where is total pressure and is atmospheric pressure. An intrinsic kinetics/external diffusion integrating model could well describe the gasification rate as a function of GFV, temperature and pressure over a whole gasification process.

关键词： coal char catalytic steam gasification pressure kinetics diffusion

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Reaction kinetics and internal diffusion of Zhundong char gasification with CO

Yun Liu, Jiangyuan Qu, Xuehui Wu, Kai Zhang, Yuan Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 373-383 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1949-2

摘要： Mass transfer usually affects the rate of chemical reactions in coal. The effect of internal diffusion on char gasification with CO in the temperature range from 1123 K to 1273 K was investigated via thermo-gravimetric analysis and assessment of char morphology features. The results revealed that the effect of internal diffusion on the initial reaction rate was more significant with an increase of particle size, due to the concentration gradient of the gasification agent within the solid particles. In the early stage of gasification, the generation of new micropores and the opening of closed pores led to an increase in specific surface area. As the reaction proceeded, the openings were gradually expanded and the specific surface area continued to increase. However, with further reaction, disappearance of edge pores, melting and collapse of the pore structure led to a decrease in specific surface area. The intrinsic activation energy and reaction order based on the th-order model were 157.67 kJ∙mol and 0.36, respectively. Thus, temperature zones corresponding to chemical reaction and diffusion control were identified. Moreover, the calculated effectiveness factor provided a quantitative estimation of internal diffusion in the initial stage.

关键词： coal char CO₂ gasification internal diffusion pore evolution

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Research on low emission MSW gasification and melting system

XIAO Gang, NI Mingjiang, CHI Yong, JIN Yuqi, ZHANG Jiaquan, MIAO Qi, CEN Kefa

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 498-503 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0080-7

摘要： In order to eliminate secondary pollution caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, a MSW gasification and melting process is proposed. The process is expected to reduce the emission of pollutants, especially heavy-meta

关键词： gasification incineration municipal heavy-meta secondary