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Bio-based Technologies for Resource Recovery

Aijie Wang, David Stuckey

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1079-y

摘要：

关键词： valign= top class= J_zhaiyao

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Electrospun porous carbon nanofibers derived from bio-based phenolic resins as free-standing electrodes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 504-515 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2260-1

摘要： Phenolic resins were employed to prepare electrospun porous carbon nanofibers with a high specific surface area as free-standing electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. However, the sustainable development of conventional phenolic resin has been challenged by petroleum-based phenol and formaldehyde. Lignin with abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups is the main non-petroleum resource that can provide renewable aromatic compounds. Hence, lignin, phenol, and furfural were used to synthesize bio-based phenolic resins, and the activated carbon nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning and one-step carbonization activation. Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the structural and thermal properties. The results reveal that the apparent activation energy of the curing reaction is 89.21 kJ·mol^–1 and the reaction order is 0.78. The activated carbon nanofibers show a uniform diameter, specific surface area up to 1100 m²·g^–1, and total pore volume of 0.62 cm³·g^–1. The electrode demonstrates a specific capacitance of 238 F·g^–1 (0.1 A·g^–1) and good rate capability. The symmetric supercapacitor yields a high energy density of 26.39 W·h·kg^–1 at 100 W·kg^–1 and an excellent capacitance retention of 98% after 10000 cycles. These results confirm that the activated carbon nanofiber from bio-based phenolic resins can be applied as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

关键词： lignin bio-based phenolic resins electrospinning activated carbon nanofibers supercapacitors

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Industrial bio-based plant aggregates as hygric and insulating construction materials for energy efficient

Yunhong Jiang, Mike Lawrence, Meng Zhang, Jiandong Cui

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1532-1532 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1960-7

摘要： In this paper, the bulk density, microstructure, porosity and pore size distribution of the selected aggregates, including hemp shiv, flax shiv, rape shiv and wheat straw, are fully studied due to these properties are highly related to their excellent characteristics and more or less linked to the properties of the final product. The scanning electron microscope results showed all the selected aggregates have a highly porous and complex hierarchical structure, whereas the arrangement of pores and the thickness of cell wall are significantly different among these aggregates. All the selected aggregates had a low bulk density ranging from 30 to 130 kg∙m and a high porosity between 75.81% and 88.74%. The thermal conductivity of the selected bio-aggregates ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 W∙m ∙K . The thermal conductivity of the selected aggregates was not only depending on the bulk density of the sample but also depending on the raw material. Hemp shiv, rape shiv and flax shiv were excellent hygric regulators with moisture buffer value ( ) ranging from 2.07 to 2.36 g∙m ∙%RH , whereas, wheat straw had a lower MBV value ranging from 1.76 to 1.97 g∙m ∙%RH . The results showed that particle size does not affect the value. The value increases linearly with bulk density.

关键词： bio-based aggregates density porosity thermal conductivity hygric properties

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Retraction note to: Industrial bio-based plant aggregates as hygric and insulating construction materials

Yunhong Jiang, Mike Lawrence, Meng Zhang, Jiandong Cui

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2039-9

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生物基全降解复合材料

刘小刚,王莉,李十中,樊琛语

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第2期页码 90-95

摘要：

淀粉/聚乳酸复合具有相对较好的力学性能和生物降解性能，价格也与石油基塑料最为接近，是极具应用前景的全生物降解塑性材料。在分析国内外聚乳酸、淀粉及其复合材料研究现状的基础上，对该类材料的技术发展方向和工业化前景进行了展望。

关键词：研究进展生物基材料降解淀粉聚乳酸

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Self-extinguishing and transparent epoxy resin modified by a phosphine oxide-containing bio-based derivative

Gang Tang, Ruiqing Zhao, Dan Deng, Yadong Yang, Depeng Chen, Bing Zhang, Xinliang Liu, Xiuyu Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1269-1280 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2042-1

摘要： A phosphine oxide-containing bio-based curing agent was synthesized by addition reaction between furan derivatives and diphenylphosphine oxide. The molecular structure of the as-prepared bio-based curing agent was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated that with the increase of bio-based curing agent content, the glass transition temperature of epoxy/bio-based curing agent composites decreased, which was related to the steric effect of diphenylphosphine oxide species that possibly hinder the curing reaction as well as the reduction in the cross-linking density by mono-functional N H. By the addition of 7.5 wt-% bio-based curing agent, the resulting epoxy composite achieved UL-94 V-0 rating, in addition to limiting oxygen index of 32.0 vol-%. With the increase of content for the bio-based curing agent, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of the composites gradually decreased. The bio-based curing agent promoted the carbonization of the epoxy matrix, leading to higher char yield with good thermal resistance. The high-quality char layer served as an effective barrier to retard the diffusion of decomposition volatiles and oxygen between molten polymers and the flame. This study provides a renewable strategy for fabricating flame retardant and transparent epoxy thermoset.

关键词： epoxy resin flame retardant furan derivative diphenylphosphine oxide

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源于自然的纺丝——高性能生物基纤维的工程化制备及应用 Review

许宗溥, 吴明瑞, 叶琦, 陈东, 刘凯, 柏浩

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 100-112 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.030

摘要：

许多天然纤维具有轻质、高强、高韧的特点，其性能优势源于从分子到宏观尺度的多级结构。生产这些纤维的纺丝系统也非常高效，它们为研究人员利用人工纺丝制备高性能生物基纤维提供了诸多灵感。除了优异的力学性能，生物基纤维还被赋予一系列新功能，从而拓展了其在智能织物、电子传感、生物医学等领域的应用。本文概述了近年来生物基纤维的研究进展，详细讨论了不同的仿生纺丝方法、纤维的力学增强策略、纤维的多元化应用。同时，提出了重现天然纺丝系统及认识其动态纺丝过程中的挑战，并展望了生物基纤维的未来发展。

关键词：生物基纤维多级结构仿生纺丝力学增强策略纤维应用

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积极培育生物燃料产业减少对石油的过度依赖

曹湘洪

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第2期页码 4-12

摘要：

分析了我国石油消费的增长趋势、我国和世界的石油供应潜力以及我国减排CO₂面临的巨大压力，提出发展生物燃料是减少经济社会发展对石油的过度依赖和减排CO₂ 的重要战略举措。指出发展生物燃料和生物基材料是生物质利用的最佳途径，综述了世界及我国生物燃料的发展现状，提出了培育我国生物燃料产业的对策。

关键词：生物燃料生物基材料生物质二氧化碳减排石油

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生物质车用燃料

闵恩泽,谢文华

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第2期页码 13-15

摘要：

回顾分析了国外微藻生物柴油、秸秆乙醇汽油、新一代生物质汽油的新进展和工业化过程面临的挑战及对策。并建议要根据我国生物质原料供应、科研基础，开展国际合作，力争在2015年建成微藻生物柴油、秸秆乙醇汽油、生物质汽油工业示范装置，为以后的大发展奠定基础。

关键词：生物质车用燃料微藻生物柴油秸秆乙醇汽油生物质汽油

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Bio-based Waterborne Poly(Vanillin-Butyl Acrylate)/MXene Coatings for Leather with Desired Warmth Retention

Jianzhong Ma,Li Ma,Lei Zhang,Wenbo Zhang,Qianqian Fan,Buxing Han,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.005

摘要： This study presents a solvent-free, facile synthesis of a bio-based green antibacterial agent and aromatic monomer methacrylated vanillin (MV) using vanillin. The resulting MV not only imparted antibacterial properties to coatings layered on leather, but could also be employed as a green alternative to petroleum-based carcinogen styrene (St). Herein, MV was copolymerized with butyl acrylate (BA) to obtain waterborne bio-based P(MV–BA) miniemulsion via miniemulsion polymerization. Subsequently, MXene nanosheets with excellent photothermal conversion performance and antibacterial properties, were introduced into the P(MV–BA) miniemulsion by ultrasonic dispersion. During the gradual solidification of P(MV–BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsion on the leather surface, MXene gradually migrated to the surface of leather coatings due to the cavitation effect of ultrasonication and amphiphilicity of MXene, which prompted its full exposure to light and bacteria, exerting the maximum photothermal conversion efficiency and significant antibacterial efficacy. In particular, when the dosage of MXene nanosheets was 1.4 wt%, the surface temperature of P(MV–BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsion-coated leather (PML) increased by about 15 °C in an outdoor environment during winter, and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was nearly 100% under the simulated sunlight treatment for 30 min. Moreover, the introduction of MXene nanosheets increased the air permeability, water vapor permeability, and thermal stability of these coatings. This study provides a new insight into the preparation of novel, green, and waterborne bio-based nanocomposite coatings for leather, with desired warmth retention and antibacterial properties. It can not only realize zero-carbon heating based on sunlight in winter, reducing the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, but also improve ability to fight off invasion by harmful bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.

关键词： MXene nanosheets Vanillin Styrene substitute Leather coating Photothermal conversion Warmth retention Antibacterial properties

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我国生物质经济发展战略研究

田宜水,单明,孔庚,麻林巍,邵思

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第1期页码 133-140 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.004

摘要：

发展生物质经济有利于促进经济增长和农村发展，减少化石能源消耗，改善生态环境，发展潜力巨大，但其发展仍面临诸多挑战。本文在对我国生物质资源进行总量分析的基础上，评价了生物质产业的发展现状与趋势，提出了生物质经济发展的战略目标、发展重点、技术路线图和对策建议。研究认为，我国生物质能资源丰富，生物质成型燃料、规模化沼气工程、发电和热电联产等技术相对成熟，已呈现出规模化发展的良好势头，是今后一段时期的主要利用方式。我国生物质经济的发展思路为以县级区域为单元，立足区域资源禀赋、经济发展水平和产业发展需求，明确面向2025 年、2035 年和2050 年的发展目标，逐步实现生物质经济发展从发展成熟阶段、机制体系创新阶段到规模替代阶段的跃升。本文从技术研发、激励政策、市场培育和资金投入等方面提出了推进我国生物质经济发展的对策建议。

关键词：生物质经济，生物质能，生物基产品，技术路线图

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我国先进纤维材料产业发展战略研究

曲希明,王颖,邱志成,张清华,李鑫,俞建勇

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第5期页码 104-111 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.009

摘要：

我国化学纤维产量居全球首位，是国民经济支柱产业，当前化学纤维产业发展仍存在突出问题，亟需加快提升先进纤维材料产业的发展，带动化学纤维产业和纺织行业的高质量发展。本文围绕化学纤维中的差别化功能纤维、高性能纤维、生物基纤维三类先进纤维材料，分析了我国先进纤维材料的发展现状、面临挑战以及发展趋势。在此基础上，面向未来需求，凝练了我国先进纤维材料产业今后发展的重点任务为突破关键核心技术形成标志性产品、提升智能制造水平、加强自主创新能力建设、加强科技人才队伍建设。本文从加强产业发展战略研究、完善产业科技创新体系建设、加强科学技术的支撑与引领作用、支持骨干企业国际化以及统筹发展等方面提出了发展建议，以期为推动我国纤维材料产业高质量发展提供理论参考。

关键词：差别化功能纤维高性能纤维生物基纤维产业发展

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欧阳平凯：生物基高分子材料（2019年5月6日）

欧阳平凯(院士)

2021年01月27日

关键词：高分子材料

谭天伟，高分子的生物基单体和加工助剂（2019年5月6日）

谭天伟(院士)

2021年01月27日

关键词：高分子材料

Surgical robotics: A look-back of latest advancement and bio-inspired ways to tackle existing challenges

Yang LIU, Jing LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第4期页码 376-384 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0352-1

摘要：

This article is dedicated to present a review on existing challenges and latest developments in surgical robotics in attempts to overcome the obstacles lying behind. Rather than to perform an exhaustive evaluation, we would emphasize more on the new insight by digesting the emerging bio-inspired surgical technologies with potentials to revolutionize the field. Typical approaches, possible applications, advantages and technical challenges were discussed. Evolutions of surgical robotics and future trends were analyzed. It can be found that, the major difficulties in the field of surgical robots may not be properly addressed by only using conventional approaches. As an alternative, bio-inspired methods or materials may shed light on new innovations. While endeavors to deal with existing strategies still need to be made, attentions should be paid to also borrow ideas from nature.

关键词： minimally invasive surgery surgical robotics haptic feedback miniaturization bio-inspiration bionics