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Dynamic failure analysis of concrete dams under air blast using coupled Euler-Lagrange finite element method

Farhoud KALATEH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 15-37 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0465-7

摘要： In this study, the air blast response of the concrete dams including dam-reservoir interaction and acoustic cavitation in the reservoir is investigated. The finite element (FE) developed code are used to build three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of concrete dams. A fully coupled Euler-Lagrange formulation has been adopted herein. A previous developed model including the strain rate effects is employed to model the concrete material behavior subjected to blast loading. In addition, a one-fluid cavitating model is employed for the simulation of acoustic cavitation in the fluid domain. A parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effects of the air blast loading on the response of concrete dam systems. Hence, the analyses are performed for different heights of dam and different values of the charge distance from the charge center. Numerical results revealed that 1) concrete arch dams are more vulnerable to air blast loading than concrete gravity dams; 2) reservoir has mitigation effect on the response of concrete dams; 3) acoustic cavitation intensify crest displacement of concrete dams.

关键词： air blast loading concrete dams finite element dam-reservoir interaction cavitation concrete damage model

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Evaluation of seismic reliability of gravity dam-reservoir-inhomogeneous foundation coupled system

Hamid Taghavi GANJI, Mohammad ALEMBAGHERI, Mohammad Houshmand KHANEGHAHI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 701-715 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0507-1

摘要： The seismic performance of gravity dam-reservoir-foundation coupled system is investigated utilizing probabilistic approach. In this research, the uncertainties associated with modeling parameters are incorporated in nonlinear response history simulations to realistically quantify their effects on the seismic performance of the system. The methodology is applied to Pine Flat gravity dam and the foundation is considered to be inhomogeneous assuming a constant spatial geometry but with various rock material properties. The sources of uncertainty are taken into account in the reliability analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling procedure. The effects of the deconvolution process, number of samples, and foundation inhomogeneity are investigated.

关键词： gravity dams dam-reservoir-foundation interaction seismic reliability inhomogeneous foundation earthquake deconvolution

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Evaluation method of dam behavior during construction and reservoir filling and application to real dams

Yuji KOHGO, Akira TAKAHASHI, Tomokazu SUZUKI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 92-101 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0009-2

摘要： In this paper we analyzed a real fill-type dam, named the Minami-Aiki Dam, to verify a numerical consolidation method with an elastoplastic model for unsaturated soils. The validities were conducted by comparing the analyzed and measured values during construction and impounding. The settlements calculated showed good agreement to those observed. Though the changing patterns of the measured and calculated pore water pressures were similar, the amounts of pore water pressures induced by the self-weights of embankment and the dissipation speeds were different. The earth pressures measured at the bottom of the core zone showed good agreement with those calculated. This method is valid for estimating behavior of fill-type dams during construction and impounding.

关键词： fill dam consolidation analysis unsaturated geo-materials impounding construction

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In-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD induced by the first-dam reservoir

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 81-91 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0378-2

摘要： To evaluate the effects of dam height, valley narrowness and width of concrete slabs on the first-dam reservoir filling in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD´s, 3D finite difference analyses were carried out. Behavior of rockfill dams considered in this study was defined from the monitoring of a number of 3D sets of pressure cells and extensometers installed in three large dams in Mexico. The 3D analyses results show that high in-plane transversal compressive stresses develop within the concrete panels located in the central concrete face zone upon dam reservoir filling loading. Likewise, in-plane induced tensile transversal stresses in the zones near the abutments increase the potential of slabs cracking and damaging the waterstops in-between the vertical and perimetral joints. From the results of the 3D finite difference analyses, a simple method to estimate in-plane normal stresses in the concrete face is advanced and through comparisons with the results of a 3D case numerical study, its accuracy assessed.

关键词： concrete face CFR dams reservoir filling slab in-plane stresses

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Challenges of high dam construction to computational mechanics

ZHANG Chuhan

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 12-33 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0002-6

摘要： The current situations and growing prospects of China s hydro-power development and high dam construction are reviewed, giving emphasis to key issues for safety evaluation of large dams and hydro-power plants, especially those associated with application of state-of-the-art computational mechanics. These include but are not limited to: stress and stability analysis of dam foundations under external loads; earthquake behavior of dam-foundation-reservoir systems, mechanical properties of mass concrete for dams, high velocity flow and energy dissipation for high dams, scientific and technical problems of hydro-power plants and underground structures, and newly developed types of dam-Roll Com pacted Concrete (RCC) dams and Concrete Face Rock-fill (CFR) dams. Some examples demonstrating successful utilizations of computational mechanics in high dam engineering are given, including seismic nonlinear analysis for arch dam foundations, nonlinear fracture analysis of arch dams under reservoir loads, and failure analysis of arch dam-foundations. To make more use of the computational mechanics in high dam engineering, it is pointed out that much research including different computational methods, numerical models and solution schemes, and verifications through experimental tests and filed measurements is necessary in the future.

关键词： reservoir engineering hydro-power development state-of-the-art computational earthquake

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Features of seismic hazard in large dam projects and strong motion monitoring of large dams

Martin WIELAND,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 56-64 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0005-6

摘要： Earthquakes can affect large dam projects in many different ways. Usually, design engineers are focussing on ground shaking and neglect the other aspects. The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake has damaged 1803 dams and reservoirs, and 403 hydropower plants with an installed capacity of 3.3GW. Among these dams were the 132-m-high Shapai RCC arch dam and the 156-m-high Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam. These recently completed dams are dam types which, up to now, have not experienced strong ground shaking. The widespread mass movements have caused substantial damage to dams and surface powerhouses in Sichuan. The different features of earthquake hazard are presented, i.e., ground shaking, faulting and mass movements. It is proposed to prepare project-specific safety plans for all dams, which consist of a matrix where the possible hazards and the corresponding countermeasures are listed. The earthquake behaviors of the Sefid Rud, Zipingpu and Shapai dams, which, in the past, have experienced strong ground shaking from nearby earthquakes, are discussed. Finally, the need for strong motion instrumentation of large dams is discussed. It is proposed that major dams with large damage potential, dams located in areas of high seismicity, and dams showing signs of abnormal behavior be equipped with strong motion instruments.

关键词： seismic hazard arch dam concrete face rockfill dam strong motion instrumentation reservoir-triggered seismicity Wenchuan earthquake

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Hazard potential of zones of weakness in gravity dams under impact loading conditions

Herbert LINSBAUER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 90-97 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0008-3

摘要： Dam constructions worldwide are designed and constructed in view of the strictest safety aspects for all static and dynamic load cases. As experience shows, however, formation of cracks in the “homogeneos concrete” as well as unsatisfactory compound behavior of lift joints are not to be excluded. These zones of weakness especially on the upstream side of the dam— exposed to high water pressure (static and dynamic)— represent an increased risk of safety. The main investigation, apart from the computation of the dynamic effects on the dam as a global structure, focuses on the stability analysis of a pressure-water filled crack configuration subjected to “dynamic loading” in the form of seismic action on the dam-reservoir-system and alternatively by “impact spot-loading” within sectors of the reservoir. A fracture mechanics based analysis shows an excessive potential of damage for the afflicted structure.

关键词： dam-reservoir earthquake impact cracking fracture mechanics

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Long-term dam safety monitoring of Punt dal Gall arch dam in Switzerland

M. WIELAND, G.F. KIRCHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0144-z

摘要： The 130 m high Punt dal Gall dam is located at the Swiss-Italian border in the South-eastern part of Switzerland and was completed in 1969. The dam is founded on highly folded and partially crushed dolomite and limestone formations. A grout curtain with an area of 120,000 m was provided for controlling seepage. For the monitoring of the dam deformations five inverted pendulums were installed in the dam and three in the rock foundation of the right abutment outside of the dam. For a seasonal water level fluctuation in the reservoir of about 60 m the maximum amplitude of the radial displacement is 25 mm, which includes both the effects of the water load and temperature effects. Furthermore a comprehensive geodetic network was established, 57 joint meters were installed and cracks in the crest gallery are monitored by crack meters. There are also thermometers, piezometers and rocmeters. Springs at the left and right banks of the dam are monitored and chemical analyses of the seepage water and springs are performed regularly. The dam is equipped with strong motion instruments and several near-field earthquakes have been recorded in the past. The paper describes the long-term safety monitoring of this 42 years old arch dam. A short description of the Swiss practice in dam safety monitoring and emergency planning is also given.

关键词： dam safety concept arch dam dam instrumentation dam safety monitoring

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我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第12期页码 84-89

摘要：

介绍了我国大坝建设的发展和特点，概括了高坝建设中的地质勘探、坝工技术、泄洪消能、坝基处理和髙边坡处理等方面的科技成果和应用水平，展望了我国高坝发展前景并指出今后高坝科技攻关重点。

关键词：水力发电高坝重力坝拱坝碾压混凝土坝面板堆石坝

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环境同位素示踪方法研究新安江右坝肩绕坝渗流

陈建生,刘建刚,董海洲,陈亮

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第1期页码 57-63

摘要：

通过分析新安江右坝区环境水中的同位素²H，¹⁸O，³H以及温度与电导分布，研究新安江右坝存在的绕坝渗流场。环境同位素数据证实了右坝肩基岩中存在着绕坝渗漏，排水廊道中的排水既有边坡降雨入渗，又有库水的绕坝肩补给，排水廊道扇形孔中的渗水完全来自于绕坝肩的库水渗漏。3E_1-1扬压力升高的原因是由于F0断层渗漏造成的结果，但6坝段和7坝段下部的F1断层基本上不存在渗漏,灌浆廊道G7-4排水孔中渗水中的³H高达19.54TU，证实该渗漏水来自坝后区的降雨补给。右坝肩观测孔R3和R6等孔中发现绕坝库水成分，环境同位素数据同时证实了人工示踪方法得到的结论。

关键词：环境同位素绕坝渗流大气降水水库

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Key problems and solutions in arch dam heightening

Zuoguang FU, Yunlong HE, Sheng SU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 98-104 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0004-7

摘要： The dam heightening, which is an effective way to increase reservoir volume, has been paid close attention by engineers. Three problems should be dealt with when an arch dam needs to be heightened: stress state getting worse at dam heel, cracking on new added concrete dam surface, and weak bonding between new added concrete and old dam. Taking Geba arch dam as an example, these problems are examined in details through simulation analysis by the finite element method. The tensile stresses on dam’s surface and joint face that have certain relations to the dam heightening can be controlled by some measures.

关键词： arch dam heighten tensile stress finite element method

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Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

Peter TSCHERNUTTER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 63-70 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0016-3

摘要： This paper demonstrates the difficulties in determining the relevant material parameters for a valuation of the deformation behavior of the up- and downstream dam shell by means of an embankment dam of medium height. Laboratory as well as field tests on solid rock-fill material were performed before the beginning of construction. During the construction the properties of the available rock-fill changed from solid to soft materials. This gave rise to the necessity of adjusting the dam design of the downstream dam shoulder. Several times higher dam settlements as well as significant differential settlements between the up- and downstream dam shell were observed during construction and operation. Apart from this situation, the dam has been operated for nearly 20 years and the behavior of the water barrier has been very good.

关键词： embankment dam bituminous concrete membrane rock-fill material properties deformation behavior

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中国火山岩油气藏控制因素及分布规律

侯连华,朱如凯,赵霞,庞正炼,罗霞,毛治国

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 77-86

摘要：

中国沉积盆地内主要发育石炭—二叠系、侏罗—白垩系和古近—新近系3套火山岩，火山岩大面积分布，烃源岩与火山岩伴生，形成良好的生储盖组合。东部盆地以中酸性岩为主，主要发育原生型火山岩储层；西部盆地以中基性岩为主，主要发育风化壳型储层，火山岩风化壳储层物性好于原生型储层物性，各种岩性、岩相均能形成有效储层。东部盆地主要发育岩性、断层—岩性油气藏；西部盆地主要发育地层型、构造—地层型、构造—岩性—地层复合型油气藏。松辽盆地深层持续沉降型断陷控制天然气区域分布，生烃断槽控制断陷内天然气分布，近邻生烃断槽的断裂构造带是天然气富集区带，优质火山岩储层控制天然气富集；新疆北部石炭系残留生烃凹陷控制油气平面分布，风化壳规模控制油气富集程度和规模，风化壳地层型有效圈闭控制油气成藏，正向构造背景控制油气运聚。指出中国火山岩有利勘探面积36万km²，预测火山岩中总资源量60亿t油当量以上，勘探潜力大。

关键词：火山岩储层火成岩油气藏成藏控制因素油气藏分布规律

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Analysis of arch dam deformations

Franz PERNER, Pius OBERNHUBER,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 102-108 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0012-7

摘要： Predicting “regular” dam deformations for prevailing conditions and comparing them with observed deformations is an essential part of dam surveillance. In many cases prediction and comparison are carried out automatically and an alarm is triggered in the case of larger deviations.The main contributors to the deformations of arch dams are water loading and the fluctuation of concrete temperature. In general, the deformations exhibit an instantaneous elastic part, a time dependent reversible part and an irreversible part. Prediction of dam deformations can be based on deterministic models, purely statistical models or so-called hybrid models, which are a combination of the first two. Deterministic models rely on static analyses, statistical models on the statistical analysis of previous deformation data.For annual reservoirs, both water loading and temperature vary in cycles over a period of one year and it is extremely difficult to identify the various factors contributing to an observed deformation. This is particularly true for time-dependent reversible displacements due to the water loading and the portion caused by temperature variation.The present article deals with the analysis of arch dam deformations based on hybrid models. Particular attention is given to the analysis of the deformations due to temperature fluctuation and to the long-term deformations. The proposed procedure is employed for the analysis of the deformations of the 186 m high Zillergruendl arch dam.

关键词： arch dam analysis Zillergruendl concrete temperature hybrid model