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The biosorption of Cr(VI) ions by dried biomass obtained from a chromium-resistant bacterium

Paul Fabrice NGUEMA,Zejiao LUO,Jingjing LIAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 454-464 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1456-4

摘要： The biosorption potential of many different kinds of biomaterials has been widely studied. However, there is little data on the biosorption mechanism of Cr(VI) by dried biomass. So the bio-removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated using dried biomass from a chromium-resistant bacterium. The bacterium was isolated from dewatered sludge samples that were obtained from a sewage treatment plant. Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were performed at different metal concentrations, pH values, and biosorbents dosages. The biomass was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The functional groups in the biomass which may play a role in the biosorption process were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The biosorption process was found to be highly pH dependent and the optimum pH for the adsorption of Cr(VI) was 2.0±0.3 at 30±2 °C. The experimental data fit well with Langmuir and Freundlich models as well as a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The mechanism for the biosorption was also studied by fitting the kinetic data with an intra-particle diffusion model and a Boyd plot. External mass transfer was found to be the rate-determining step for the adsorption process. Biosorption could be an alternative mechanism besides bio-oxidation and bio-reduction for the bioremediation of heavy metals.

关键词： Cr(VI) biomass Bacillus cereus Pf-1 biosorption capacity biosorbents

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Polyhedral linkages obtained as assemblies of planar link groups

GÖkhan KİPER, Eres SÖYLEMEZ

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 3-9 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0363-6

摘要：

The study aims to devise means of obtaining polyhedral linkages for homothetic deployment of polyhedral shapes by embedding planar link groups in faces of the polyhedral shape of interest. The questions of which polyhedral shapes may be suitable for such a purpose and what are the compatibility conditions for spatially assembling planar link groups are addressed. Homohedral and tangential polyhedral shapes are found to be suitable for the task and some examples of linkages are worked out.

关键词： polyhedral linkages homothety homohedra tangential polyhedra

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Protective effects of lignin fractions obtained from grape seeds against bisphenol AF neurotoxicity via

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期页码 976-989 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2237-0

摘要： Lignin exhibits antioxidative and various other biological properties. However, its neuroprotection capability has rarely been studied. In this study, three types of lignin with different structures were prepared from grape seeds by using different isolation techniques. The antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of the lignin fractions were evaluated with the apoptosis model of murine neuroectodermal (NE-4C) neural stem cells stimulated with bisphenol AF. The results demonstrated that the half maximal inhibitory concentration for scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl with water-soluble lignin (L-W, 58.19 μg·mL^–1) was lower than those of lignin in the autohydrolyzed residue of grape seeds (84.27 μg·mL^–1) and original lignin in grape seeds (99.44 μg·mL^–1). BPAF exposure had negative effects on the reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in NE-4C cells, which can be reversed by using the prepared lignin to reduce oxidative stress. An immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that grape seed lignin induced protective effects on BPAF-injured NE-4C cells via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related Factor 2 pathway. In addition, correlational analyses showed that lignin (L-W) with lower molecular weights and noncondensed phenolic hydroxyl group content and higher contents of COOH groups effectively prevented cell apoptosis, scavenged reactive oxygen species, and ensured protection from nerve injury. This study demonstrated that grape seed lignin can be used as a neuroprotective agent and serves as a demonstration of active lignin production from grape seed waste.

关键词： grape seed lignin structure antioxidant NE-4C cells neuroprotection

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Characterization of random stress fields obtained from polycrystalline aggregate calculations using multi-scale

Bruno SUDRET,Hung Xuan DANG,Marc BERVEILLER,Asmahana ZEGHADI,Thierry YALAMAS

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 121-140 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0290-1

摘要： The spatial variability of stress fields resulting from polycrystalline aggregate calculations involving random grain geometry and crystal orientations is investigated. A periodogram-based method is proposed to identify the properties of homogeneous Gaussian random fields (power spectral density and related covariance structure). Based on a set of finite element polycrystalline aggregate calculations the properties of the maximal principal stress field are identified. Two cases are considered, using either a fixed or random grain geometry. The stability of the method w.r.t the number of samples and the load level (up to 3.5% macroscopic deformation) is investigated.

关键词： polycrystalline aggregates crystal plasticity random fields spatial variability correlation structure

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Thermal degradation characteristics and products obtained after pyrolysis of specific polymers found

Evangelia C. Vouvoudi, Aristea T. Rousi, Dimitris S. Achilias

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0996-5

摘要： Modern societies strongly support the recycling practices over simple waste accumulation due to environmental harm caused. In the framework of sustainable recycling of plastics from WEEE, pyrolysis is proposed here as a means of obtaining secondary value-added products. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal degradation and the products obtained after pyrolysis of specific polymers found in the plastic part of WEEE, using thermogravimetric analysis and a pyrolizer equipped with a GC/MS. Polymers studied include ABS, HIPS, PC and a blend having a composition similar to that appearing in WEEE. It was found that, PC shows greater heat endurance compared to the other polymers, whereas ABS depolymerizes in three-steps. The existence of several polymers in the blend results in synergistic effects which decrease the onset and final temperature of degradation. Moreover, the fragmentation occurred in the pyrolyzer, at certain temperatures, resulted in a great variety of compounds, depending on the polymer type, such as monomers, aromatic products, phenolic compounds and hydrocarbons. The main conclusion from this investigation is that pyrolysis could be an effective method for the sustainable recycling of the plastic part of WEEE resulting in a mixture of chemicals with varying composition but being excellent to be used as fuel retrieved from secondary recycling sources.

关键词： Pyrolysis WEEE recycling ABS HIPS PC Py-GC/MS TGA

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Hydrothermal synthesis of crystalline α-/β-MnO2 nanorods via γ-MnOOH nanorod precursors

ZHANG Weixin, REN Xiangbin, YANG Zeheng, WANG Hua, WANG Qiang, HUANG Fei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 365-371 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0066-9

摘要： The crystalline -MnO and -MnO nanorods have been successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal method from -MnOOH nanorods precursor, respectively. The samples were characterized by means of X-ray diff raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Fourier transformed infrared spectra (FTIR). The morphology and structure of -MnOOH nanorods precursors have a great influence on the crystal structure of the obtained products. The -MnO nanorods are prepared from the 100°C -MnOOH precursor, while the -MnO nanorods are obtained from the 150°C -MnOOH precursor, respectively. Besides, the catalytic activity of the prepared -MnO and -MnO nanorods for the HO decomposition has been investigated comparatively, and the latter shows better catalytic activity.

关键词： obtained -MnOOH precursor Besides high-resolution transmission precursor

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一种通过计算机辅助抗体设计技术获得的靶向人表皮生长因子受体2的新型全人抗体HF Article

乔春霞, 吕明, 李新颖, 郞小玲, 吕守芹, 龙勉, 黎燕, 耿树生, 林周, 沈倍奋, 冯健男

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第11期页码 1566-1576 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.024

摘要：

全人抗体免疫原性小、安全性高。目前研究的处于临床试验阶段的大多数抗体药物都是人源化或全人抗体。全人抗体多通过噬菌体展示技术（体外）或转基因小鼠（体内）产生；其他方法包括B淋巴细胞永生化、人-人杂交瘤、单细胞聚合酶链反应等。本文描述了一种基于分子结构的计算机辅助设计新抗体技术，用于获得全人抗体。由于靶向人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）的注射用曲妥珠单抗（赫赛汀）的结构复杂，我们首先针对赫赛汀识别HER2 的潜在表位设计了6 条短肽。随后，将这些肽作为抗体互补决定区，并采用适合的免疫球蛋白框架，获得名为“HF”的新型抗HER2 抗体。HF比赫赛汀具有更高的亲和力和更有效的抗肿瘤活性。我们的工作为用于机理研究以及免疫相关疾病（如癌症和传染病）的成像和临床应用的新型全人抗体的快速设计和筛选提供了有用工具。

关键词：人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2/erb-B2）全人抗体计算机辅助设计（CAD）