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How diplomacy saved the COP21 Paris Climate Conference, but now, can we save ourselves?
D. Nathaniel MULCAHY, David L. MULCAHY
《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 页码 344-352 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0498-y
To solve a problem, three things are necessary: awareness, means, and will. The 2015 COP21 Paris accord was a masterful, perhaps even world-saving, diplomatic advance toward making the world aware of climate change. Some of that success may have been because publications from the IPCC and the National Academy of Science were made available, on line, as prepublication offerings, in order to be widely viewed before the Paris Climate Conference. This provided diplomats and negotiators with the latest information about climate change, its nearness in time, its consequences, and how well current mitigation technologies can succeed. Whatever the reasons, the Paris Climate Conference, was a success. Leaders of 195 nations agreed that climate change is a real and present danger to life as is known to all. This important understanding was accomplished despite the presentation of well established scientific facts which, without very diplomatic handling, could easily have evoked overwhelming political opposition to an agreement and thus another COP failure. In this paper, the fact that how some scientific truths, written specifically to be overlooked, were presented in order to prepare COP21 participants for the conference is explained. Besides, the effectiveness and efficiency of currently favored mitigation policies, the extent of ongoing progress to better ones, and finally, how a new appreciation of climate change consequences can strengthen the will of nation states and industries to work toward solutions are evaluated.
大而复杂形变区域中的精确三维形变反演——基于偏移的相位解缠和改进的多孔径SAR干涉测量集成技术在2016年熊本地震中的应用 Article
Won-Kyung Baek, Hyung-Sup Jung
《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第8期 页码 927-935 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.012
常规合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar, SAR）干涉测量（InSAR）已成功用于精确测量雷达视线（line-of-sight, LOS）方向上的表面形变，而多孔径SAR干涉技术（multiple-aperture SAR interferometry, MAI）可以用于精确测量沿轨迹（along-track, AT）方向的表面形变。InSAR和MAI方法的集成可以精确测量干涉对中的二维（two-dimensional, 2D）形变；最近，升降轨联合解算使得人们可以观测到精确的三维（three-dimensional, 3D）形变。精确的3D形变测量已用于更好地了解地质事件，如地震和火山喷发。与2016年熊本地震有关的地表形变在断层线附近较大且复杂，因此精确的3D形变反演尚未展开。本研究的目的是：①通过对基于偏移的相位解缠和改进的多孔径SAR干涉图进行集成，在大而复杂的形变区域中进行精确3D形变反演的可行性测试；②观测与2016年熊本地震有关的甚至包含断层线附近的3D形变场。3D形变反演使用了两组升轨对和一组高级陆地观测卫星2（Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2, ALOS-2）相控阵型L波段合成孔径雷达2（Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2, PALSAR-2）降轨干涉对。11个原位全球定位系统（global positioning system, GPS）测站的观测被用于验证3D形变的测量精度。3D形变测量在东、北和垂直方向上分别达到大约2.96 cm、3.75 cm和2.86 cm的精度。结果表明，即使在形变大而复杂的情况下，通过集成改进方法来测量精确的3D形变仍具有可行性。
关键词： 合成孔径雷达（SAR） 常规SAR干涉测量（InSAR） 多孔径SAR干涉技术（MAI） ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 三维形变反演 2016年熊本地震
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How diplomacy saved the COP21 Paris Climate Conference, but now, can we save ourselves?
D. Nathaniel MULCAHY, David L. MULCAHY
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