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Water environment security indicator system for urban water management

Tian HAO, Pengfei DU, Yun GAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 678-691 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0450-7

摘要： Water environment security (WES) is defined in terms of three aspects: first, that it meets basic demands due to industrial and domestic usage; second, that it protects public health from acute and chronic threats; and third, that measures are adopted to ensure sustainable ecological functioning of freshwater resources. Limitations associated with current water environment security indicators in China — including inefficiency in terms of environmental monitoring, inappropriate indicators and parameters that do not take sufficient account of local water characteristics, and a lack of management targets — leads to a failure of effective water management. To achieve better water environment management, a systematic approach, encompassing several steps including establish ideal indicator system and narrow down the scope, screen priority pollutants, identify local characteristics and organize discussion workshop, should be followed to establish a comprehensive water environment indicator system. A case study in Suzhou is included to demonstrate the detailed operational procedures used to assess the risks associated with poor management practices relating to water environment security as well as design an appropriate water environment security indicator system.

关键词： water environment security supervision and management monitoring parameter indicator system Suzhou

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China’s Agriculture Green Development: from Concept to Actions RESEARCH ARTICLE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2024年第11卷第1期页码 20-34 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023512

摘要：

China has initiated a green transformation plan in 2015, which was soon applied to agriculture, known as the Agriculture Green Development (AGD) initiative, with the goals of achieving food security, high resource use efficiency, and an ecofriendly environment. To assess the agricultural transformation from 1997 to 2020, this paper proposes a national-scale indicator system consisting three dimensions (socioeconomic, food production and eco-environmental) and ten sub-dimensions to quantify the AGD score. This study showed that AGD score in China was at a moderate level during 1997–2010, scoring 40 out of 100. During this stage, decreased scores in the sub-dimensions of resource consumption, environmental quality, and environmental cost have offset the improvement in the socioeconomic dimension, resulting in fluctuated scores around 40. In the second stage (2011–2020), China’s AGD score improved but still at moderate level, scoring an average of 46.3, with each dimension increasing by 5.3%–25.0%. These results indicate that China has made progress in the agricultural transformation, transitioning from conceptualization to actions through the implementation of various policies and projects. However, the study emphasizes the need for more effort to address the insufficient and unbalanced development, along with the growing eco-environmental challenges, especially the trade-offs among dimensions.

关键词： agricultural transformation Agriculture Green Development historical trend indicator system theoretical conception

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Midline2 is overexpressed and a prognostic indicator in human breast cancer and promotes breast cancer

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 942-942 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0876-z

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Screening of indicator pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates: a case study

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1716-y

摘要：

● A systematic framework was developed to identify i-PPCPs for landfill leachate.

关键词： Landfill leachates PPCPs Indicator Screening criteria Source-specificity

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Investigating the role of exiting vehicles and turn indicator usage in gap acceptance at single-lane

Nathan P. BELZ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 8-16 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0365-7

摘要： Roundabouts are becoming a preferred form of intersection control type due to their safety and capacity benefits. Yield control at roundabout entries inherently reduces fuel consumption and emissions when compared to other conventional intersection types. However, these benefits can be limited by poor driver behavior and judgment when entering the roundabout. This research addresses the nature of gap distributions and use of turn indicators by exiting vehicles at three single-lane roundabouts in Vermont, New York, and Alaska. Presented here is a comparison of vehicle headways measured at two different locations in each roundabout. Rejected headways are analyzed in the context of priority abstaining events when entering drivers yield to vehicles exiting on the same leg of the roundabout suggesting that “true” critical gaps are being overestimated. Results indicate that exiting vehicles, particularly those that do not use their turn indicators when departing from the major-stream of traffic have an influence on the entry decision of drivers on the same approach. This behavior is of particular concern for intersection efficiency (i.e., delay) and sustainability (i.e., excess fuel consumption and emissions). Results prompt the consideration of more consistent guidance on and enforcement of turn indicator use during roundabout negotiations.

关键词： roundabouts exiting vehicles turn indicator use headways

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Modeling effects of a tidal barrage on water quality indicator distribution in the Severn Estuary

Guanghai GAO, Roger A. FALCONER, Binliang LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 211-218 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0464-1

摘要： In this study, emphasis has focused on assessing the potential hydro-environmental impacts of a barrage across the Severn Estuary, with a numerical model being developed and applied to the estuary to assess the impacts of proposed Severn Barrage on the hydrodynamic, sediment transport and faecal indicator organism distribution within the estuary. The results show that the Severn Barrage has the potential to reduce the tidal currents in a highly dynamic estuary. This leads to the reduction of suspended sediment concentrations, which in turn affects the bacterial transport processes which is highly related to the sediment transport processes.

关键词： water quality indicator Severn Estuary numerical model tidal energy

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Comparison of indicators for agricultural green development and the Sustainable Development Goals, and mapping the way forward RESEARCH ARTICLE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2024年第11卷第1期页码 69-82 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2024548

摘要：

While agricultural green development (AGD) is highly recognized and has become a national strategy in China, it is imperative to bridge the knowledge gaps between AGD and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and to evaluate the contribution of AGD to meeting the SDGs. The first aim of this study was to compare the AGD goals and indicators with those of the SDGs so as to identify their relationship. The next aim was to examine the historical evolution of AGD indicators and analyze the gaps between the current status of various indicators and their benchmarks. Limiting factors were identified in China’s transition toward AGD. These findings reveal that the indicators of AGD align with those of the SDGs, but have greater specificity to the context in China and are more quantifiable. There has been a significant increase per capita calorie and protein intakes in China, as well as a notable rise in agricultural output per unit of arable land and rural incomes from 1980 to the 2010s. However, these achievements have been accompanied by a high resource use and environmental pollution, highlighting the need for a more sustainable, environmentally responsible agriculture in China.

关键词： Agricultural green development sustainable development goals environmental sustainability indicator system optimization pathway

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绿色铁路客站评价标准研究

郑健

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第12期页码 41-47

摘要：

通过对国家政策导向、行业发展需求和国内外绿色建筑评价体系的调研，以第三代绿色建筑评价体系为基础，研究建立了一套完整的适用于不同气候区和各种规模客站的绿色铁路客站评价标准。这一标准的完成丰富了我国绿色建筑评价标准体系，填补了国内外绿色铁路客站领域评价标准的空白，将对促进我国铁路系统的绿色建筑发展起到重要推动作用。

关键词：铁路客站绿色建筑评价标准指标体系

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Midline2 is overexpressed and a prognostic indicator in human breast cancer and promotes breast cancer

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 41-51 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0429-z

摘要：

Midline2 (MID2) is an ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme linked to tumor progression and a novel interacting partner of breast cancer 1, early-onset (BRCA1). However, the role of MID2 in breast cancer remains unknown. This study investigated the expression, prognostic value, and role of MID2 in breast cancer. The expression of MID2 mRNA and protein was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissue and established cell lines compared with that in normal breast epithelial cells and paired adjacent non-tumor tissue (P<0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that MID2 was overexpressed in 272 of 284 (95.8%) paraffin-embedded, archived breast cancer tissue. Moreover, MID2 expression increased with advanced clinical stage (P<0.001). High MID2 expression was significantly associated with advanced clinical stages and T, N, and M staging (all P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that high MID2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival in the entire cohort (93.73 vs. 172.1 months; P<0.001, log-rank test) and in subgroups with stages Tis+ I+ II and III+ IV. Furthermore, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide colony formation, and anchorage-independent growth ability assays were conducted. Results showed that siRNA silencing of MID2 expression significantly reduced MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation in vitro and blocked the growth of MDA-MB-231 cell xenograft tumors in vivo (P<0.05). This study indicated that MID2 may be a novel prognostic marker and interventional target in breast cancer.

关键词： breast cancer MID2 proliferation overall survival xenograft

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The Exploration and Practice of the Development of Green Eco-Urban Areas in Guangzhou International Financial City

Jia-meng Chen,Peng Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 87-96 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016003

摘要： Active exploration has been carried out to determine a pattern for developing green eco-urban areas in the Starting Area of Guangzhou International Financial City with an emphasis on the core role of comprehensive green arrangement. By comparing and analyzing existing research, development of green technologies at home and abroad, and indicator systems of green urban areas of similar sizes, the builders developed a green ecological indicator system. They proposed a new concept called “district-level indicator” in order to emphasize the importance of classifying indicators according to different project situations. By verifying the indicators for all land parcels and assessing future costs and efficiency, experience accumulated in this project can be beneficial for future green eco-urban area development projects.

关键词： Guangzhou International Financial City green eco-urban area indicator system case verification

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Nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating blade with breathing crack

Laihao YANG, Zhu MAO, Shuming WU, Xuefeng CHEN, Ruqiang YAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第1期页码 196-220 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0609-z

摘要： This study aims at investigating the nonlinear dynamic behavior of rotating blade with transverse crack. A novel nonlinear rotating cracked blade model (NRCBM), which contains the spinning softening, centrifugal stiffening, Coriolis force, and crack closing effects, is developed based on continuous beam theory and strain energy release rate method. The rotating blade is considered as a cantilever beam fixed on the rigid hub with high rotating speed, and the crack is deemed to be open and close continuously in a trigonometric function way with the blade vibration. It is verified by the comparison with a finite element-based contact crack model and bilinear model that the proposed NRCBM can well capture the dynamic characteristics of the rotating blade with breathing crack. The dynamic behavior of rotating cracked blade is then investigated with NRCBM, and the nonlinear damage indicator (NDI) is introduced to characterize the nonlinearity caused by blade crack. The results show that NDI is a distinguishable indicator for the severity level estimation of the crack in rotating blade. It is found that severe crack (i.e., a closer crack position to blade root as well as larger crack depth) is expected to heavily reduce the stiffness of rotating blade and apparently result in a lower resonant frequency. Meanwhile, the super-harmonic resonances are verified to be distinguishable indicators for diagnosing the crack existence, and the third-order super-harmonic resonances can serve as an indicator for the presence of severe crack since it only distinctly appears when the crack is severe.

关键词： rotating blade breathing crack nonlinear vibration nonlinear damage indicator

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建设项目可持续发展综合贡献能力评价指标体系研究

秦旋,林格

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第1期页码 91-97

摘要：

从建设项目这个微观层次入手，通过对建设项目分别在经济发展，社会公平及保护环境上的贡献能力的研究，构建了建设项目综合贡献能力评价指标体系，并且分析了该评价指标体系的目的，以及各项具体指标的获得方式，然后建立了熵值法评价模型，以此来综合评价建设项目对当地的综合贡献能力，最后以成渝高速公路为例，做了实例分析。

关键词：建设项目可持续发展综合贡献能力评价指标熵值法

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of the situational awareness eﬀects for smart distribution networks under the novel design of indicator

Leijiao GE, Yuanliang LI, Suxuan LI, Jiebei ZHU, Jun YAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 143-158 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0703-2

摘要： As a key application of smart grid technologies, the smart distribution network (SDN) is expected to have a high diversity of equipment and complexity of operation patterns. Situational awareness (SA), which aims to provide a critical visibility of the SDN, will enable a significant assurance for stable SDN operations. However, the lack of systematic evaluation through the three stages of perception, comprehensive, and prediction may prevent the SA technique from effectively achieving the performance necessary to monitor and respond to events in SDN. To analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of the SA technique for the SDN, a comprehensive evaluation framework with specific performance indicators and systematic weighting methods is proposed in this paper. Besides, to implement the indicator framework while addressing the key issues of human expert scoring ambiguity and the lack of data in specific SDN areas, an improved interval-based analytic hierarchy process-based subjective weighting and a multi-objective programming method-based objective weighting are developed to evaluate the SDN SA performance. In addition, a case study in a real distribution network of Tianjin China is conducted whose outcomes verify the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed SA technique for SDN operating security.

关键词： distribution networks operation and maintenance expert systems

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核能矿产资源发展战略研究

张金带,李子颖,苏学斌,谭亚辉,李胜祥,苏艳茹,李建华,邓平,徐乐昌,潘自强

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第1期页码 113-118 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.01.016

摘要：

核能矿产资源是指铀资源和具潜在应用前景的钍资源，目前主要是指铀资源。全球铀资源分布的不均衡性，势必需要通过市场调节供求。建设核工业强国必须要有强有力的核能矿产资源供应能力做保障。我国核能矿产资源发展的战略目标应是禀赋与掌控复合型的强国。核能矿产资源强国的主要标志应包括国内资源保障能力、科技实力、企业实力、国际经略能力、可持续发展潜力五个方面。要实现核能矿产资源强国，需要实施一批重大科技创新工程和重大应用示范工程，需要建设一批千吨级铀资源开发基地，需要积极“走出去”开展国际合作，特别是加强与“一带一路”国家的合作，需要国家在科技创新、产业发展、海外开发等方面给予必要的政策支持。

关键词：核能矿产资源铀资源指标体系

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Effect of streambed substrate on macroinvertebrate biodiversity

DUAN Xuehua, WANG Zhaoyin, TIAN Shimin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 122-128 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0023-y

摘要： Macroinvertebrates are important components of stream ecosystems, and are often used as indicator species for the assessment of river ecology. Numerous studies have shown that substrate is the primary physical environmental variable affecting the taxa richness and density of macroinvertebrates. The aim of this work is to study the effects of the characteristics of streambed substrate, such as grain size, shape, and roughness, on the composition and biodiversity of macroinvertebrates. A field experiment was done on the Juma River, a second-order mountain stream in northern China. Substrata of cobbles, hewn stones, pebbles, coarse sand, and fine sand were used to replace the original gravel and sand bed in a stretch of 30 m in length. The sampling results indicated that the macroinvertebrate assemblage is significantly affected by the grain size, porosity and interstitial dimension of the substrate, while it is rarely affected by the shape and the surface roughness of the experimental substrata. Macroinvertebrate compositions in cobbles and hewn stones were stable and changed least over time. The taxa richness and density of individuals in the substrata of cobbles, hewn stones, and pebbles are much higher than in those of the coarse sand and fine sand.

关键词： Substrata physical environmental indicator ecology substrate