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2022 1

2020 1

2017 2

2013 2

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母猪福利 1

猪 1

肠道生理 1

营养物质利用 1

高纤维日粮 1

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Hormesis-like growth and photosynthetic physiology of marine diatom Bohlin exposed to polystyrene microplastics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 2-2 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1436-0

摘要：

• Polystyrene microplastic caused hormesis-like effects in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

关键词： Microplastics Marine microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin Growth Photosynthetic pigments Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

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Interspecies transmission and evolution of the emerging coronaviruses: perspectives from bat physiology

Baicheng HUANG, Kegong TIAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 218-226 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020324

摘要：

Emergent coronaviruses (CoVs) such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have posed great threats to public health worldwide over the past two decades. Currently, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic causes greater public health concern. CoV diversity is due to the large size and replication mechanisms of the genomes together with having bats as their optimum natural hosts. The ecological behavior and unique immune characteristics of bats are optimal for the homologous recombination of CoVs. The relationship of spatial structural characteristics of the spike protein, a protein that is critical for recognition by host receptors, in different CoVs may provide evidence in explaining the coevolution of CoVs and their hosts. This information may help to enhance our understanding of CoV evolution and thus provide part of the basis of preparations for any future outbreaks.

关键词： bat coronavirus evolution host receptor spike protein transmission

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Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 155-164 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017148

摘要： Antitranspirants are exogenous substances applied to leaves to reduce luxury transpiration by regulating stomatal conductance to increase water use efficiency (WUE). A cheap and environmentally-friendly antitranspirant, FZ, was newly developed, extracted mainly from . Its effects on soybean water use were investigated in a field experiment using the locally-used irrigation rate and a low irrigation rate (The lower and upper limit of irrigation is 40%–70% of field capacity). Foliar application of FZ and measurement of leaf physiological characteristics, final biomass, seed yield and water use efficiency were carried out during the pod bearing and pod filling stages of drip-irrigated soybean with film-mulching. Under the low irrigation rate, leaf stomatal conductance (g ) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased significantly by 7 d after spraying, but photosynthesis (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE ) were not significantly affec ted. The stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture, g , Tr and Pn decreased by 1 d after spraying, without significantly increasing WUE . However, applying FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages did not significantly affect the final biomass, water consumption, seed yield and WUE of soybean. Under the locally-used irrigation rate, applying FZ increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves by 38% and 33%, respectively, but did not significantly affect g , Tr, Pn, stomatal aperture and stomatal frequency. Applying FZ three times during pod bearing and pod filling stages enhanced seed yield and WUE by 24% and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect the final biomass and water consumption. Therefore, seed yield and WUE of soybean were significantly increased by foliar application of FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages under the locally-used irrigation rate in arid region, but applying FZ did not have a positive effect on water use efficiency of soybean under a low irrigation rate.

关键词： antitranspirant soybean water deficit leaf gas exchange enzymes activities water consumption seed yield

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Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 25-30 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0244-8

摘要：

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. It actually functions as endocrine hormones but does not regulate cell growth and differentiation. It is demonstrated that FGF21 acts on multiple tissue to coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including enhancing insulin sensitivity, decreasing triglyceride concentrations, causing weight loss, ameliorating obesity-associated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, FGF21 also plays important roles in some physiological processes, such as fasting and feeding, growth hormone axis and thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue. Clinical relevance of FGF21 in humans is still unclear, and the basis and consequences of increased FGF21 in metabolic disease remain to be determined. Both the pharmacological actions and physiological roles make FGF21 attractive drug candidates for treating metabolic disease, but some questions remain to be answered. This article concentrates on recent advances in our understanding of FGF21.

关键词： FGF21 metabolism pharmacology physiology clinical relevance

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Trauma-induced “Macklin effect” with pneumothorax and large pneumomediastinum, disguised by allergy

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 386-388 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0278-y

摘要：

A 56-year-old man presented spontaneously to the Emergency Department complaining of facial and neck oedema after assumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). The triage nurse assigned the patient to Accident & Emergency (A&E) doctor as probable allergic reaction to NSAIDS. Chest X-ray (CXR), ordered after 24 hours, revealed a huge subcutaneous chest and neck emphysema without clearly visible pneumothorax. Subsequent chest CT scan showed a small left pneumothorax and a large amount of air in the mediastinum. The patient was conservatively treated since he was eupnoeic and hemodynamically stable. The pathophysiology of pneumomediastinum was first described by Macklin in 1939. The Macklin effect involves alveolar ruptures with air dissection along bronchovascular sheaths to the mediastinum. In this case the patient did not report in his history a recent blunt thoracic trauma and the initial suspicion of an allergic reaction has prevented physicians to immediately achieve the correct diagnosis.

关键词： thoracic trauma differential diagnosis critical care pneumothorax pneumomediastinum CT scan pitfalls lung and airways physiology

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高纤维日粮对猪营养和代谢的影响综述

Atta K. Agyekum, C. Martin Nyachoti

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第5期页码 716-725 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.010

摘要：

目前，大量的低成本、纤维类的副产物被添加到猪的日粮中以减少猪的养殖成本。然而，由于猪不能有效降解膳食纤维，因此富含纤维的日粮营养价值偏低。此外，高纤维日粮会降低营养物质的利用率和猪的生长性能。最近的研究结果不一致，甚至互相矛盾，而且纤维来源、纤维类型和纤维水平也会影响高纤维日粮的负效应。另外，测定膳食纤维及其纤维组成的分析方法会经常干扰纤维对猪生长和生理反应的影响。虽然已经有一些改善纤维对猪的消极影响、提高日粮的营养价值的方法被逐渐应用，如外源纤维降解酶广泛应用于提高营养物质利用率和猪的生长性能。但是，与研究结果并不一致，还需要阐明外源纤维降解酶在猪的代谢和生理反应中的作用方式。另外，膳食纤维日益成为促进猪的肠道健康和改善妊娠母猪福利的方法。本文对膳食纤维及其对猪的营养、肠道生理和母猪福利的影响进行了讨论。同时，本文建议要对膳食纤维和外源酶如何提高猪对高纤维原料的利用率方面进行深入的研究。

关键词：肠道生理高纤维日粮营养物质利用猪母猪福利