2021, Volume 7, Issue 5
Engineering >> 2021, Volume 7, Issue 5 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.005
Mechanically Strong Proteinaceous Fibers: Engineered Fabrication by Microfluidics
a Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
b Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
c Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
d State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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Abstract
Lightweight and mechanically strong natural silk fibers have been extensively investigated over the past decades. Inspired by this research, many artificial spinning techniques (wet spinning, dry spinning, electrospinning, etc.) have been developed to fabricate robust protein fibers. As the traditional spinning methods provide poor control over the as-spun fibers, microfluidics has been integrated with these techniques to allow the fabrication of biological fibers in a well-designed manner, with simplicity and cost efficiency. The mechanical behavior of the developed fibers can be precisely modulated by controlling the type and size of microfluidic channel, flow rate, and shear force. This technique has been successfully used to manufacture a broad range of protein fibers, and can accelerate the production and application of protein fibers in various fields. This review outlines recent progress in the design and fabrication of protein-based fibers based on microfluidics. We first briefly discuss the natural spider silk-spinning process and the microfluidics spinning process. Next, the fabrication and mechanical properties of regenerated protein fibers via microfluidics are discussed, followed by a discussion of recombinant protein fibers. Other sourced protein fibers are also reviewed in detail. Finally, a brief outlook on the development of microfluidic technology for producing protein fibers is presented.
Keywords
Proteinaceous fibers ; Microfluidics ; Soft materia ; l Biomaterials
Figures
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