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A novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity Correspondence

Li SUN, Shigang ZHOU, Guanxi ZHANG, Baohua SUN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 6,   Pages 975-983 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100421

Abstract:

We present a novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity. The proposed antenna consists of eight printed dipole elements in the form of a circular array. The arms of adjacent elements overlap for capacitive loading. Unlike traditional circular arrays, a method of exciting elements in the form of every two intervals is first introduced. We prove that this method can maintain the wideband characteristics of the antenna. Four independent feeding ports in a ring antenna aperture are designed for the polarization/pattern diversity with suitable feeding networks. As an example, a wideband dual-polarized antenna was designed based on the proposed ring antenna. To achieve two orthogonal linear polarizations with maximum radiation in the direction, two adjacent elements are extracted periodically to feed through one port. The differential feeding network and integrated Baluns have been designed to realize broadside radiation patterns, considering impedance and phase matching. Because the proposed antenna is hollow, it is a good candidate for a multiband sharing aperture antenna element. Results show that the proposed antenna has an overlapped bandwidth of 50.5% (1.04–1.82 GHz) with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)<2 for the two polarizations, and port isolation less than 23 dB. The measured realized gain ranges from 6.1 to 8.1 dBi, with stable broadside radiation patterns over the operating frequency band.

Keywords： 环形天线；宽带天线；极化分集；方向图分集    

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Dot-shaped beamforming analysis of subarray-based sin-FDA Research Article

Bo Wang, Jun-wei Xie, Jing Zhang, Jia-ang Ge,wb_wangbo1991@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 10,   Pages 1429-1444 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800722

Abstract: Phased array (PA) radar is one of the most popular types of radar. In contrast to PA, the (FDA) is a potential solution to suppress range-related interference because of its time-range-angle-dependent beampattern. However, the range-angle coupling inherent in the FDA transmit beampattern may degrade the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). We propose a method based on the analyzed four subarray-based FDAs and subarray-based planar FDAs using a sinusoidally increasing frequency offset with elements transmitting at multiple frequencies. The numerical results show that the proposed approach outperforms the existing log-FDA with logarithmical frequency offset in transmit energy focus, sidelobe suppression, and array resolution. Comparative simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keywords： 频率分集阵列；子阵频率分集阵列；解耦；点状波束形成    

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The provable security formal analysis of 802.11i authentication scheme

Song Yubo,Hu Aiqun,Yao Bingxin

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 1,   Pages 67-73

Abstract:

802.11i standard is proposed by IEEE 802.11 Standard Group to improve the security of the WLAN. In 802.11i, 802.1x standard is used for the authentication and access controll. How to analyze the security of the new protocol to prove its validity is the most interesting problem we are concerned. In order to solve this problem, an expanded Bellare-Rogaway model is established to give a provable security formal analysis on this protocol. By utilizing the expanded Bellare-Rogaway model, a flaw has been found in 802.1X authentication protocols and the corresponding man-in-the-middle attack is given here.

Keywords： 802.11i     Bellare-Rogaway model     provable security     formal analysis    

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Deceptive jamming discrimination based on range-anglelocalization of a frequency diverse array Article

Zhao-jian ZHANG, Jun-wei XIE, Chuan SHENG, Zhun TANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 9,   Pages 1437-1446 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601577

Abstract: We propose a method to suppress deceptive jamming by frequencydiverse array (FDA) in radar electronic countermeasure environments.FDA offers a new range-angle-dependent beam pattern through a smallfrequency increment across elements. Due to the coupling between theangle and range, a mismatch between the test angle and physical angleoccurs when the slant range on which the beam focuses is not equalto the slant range of the real target. In addition, the range of thetarget can be extracted by sum-difference beam except for time-delaytesting, because the beam provides a range resolution in the FDA thatcannot be deceived by traditional deceptive jamming. A strategy ofusing FDA to transmit two pulses with zero and nonzero frequency increments,respectively, is proposed to ensure that the angle of a target canbe obtained by FDA. Moreover, the localization performance is examinedby analyzing the Cramer-Rao lower bound and detection probability.Effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulation results.

Keywords： Frequency diverse array (FDA)     Deceptive jamming     Range-angle coupling     Sum-difference beam     Double-pulse    

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A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array Article

Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo

Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 9,   Pages 100-114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.015

Abstract:

Reconfigurable antennas are becoming a major antenna technology for future wireless communications and sensing systems. It is known that, with a single linear polarization (LP) reconfigurable antenna element, a preferred polarization can be produced from a set of multiple polarization states, thus improving the quality of the communication link. This paper presents a new concept of a polarization programmable reconfigurable antenna array that consists of a number of polarization reconfigurable antenna elements with a finite number of possible polarization states. By employing a new optimization strategy and programming the polarization states of all the array elements, we demonstrate that it is possible to realize any desired LP in the vectorial array radiation pattern with accurate control of sidelobe and crosspolarization levels (XPLs), thereby achieving the desired polarization to perfectly match that of the required communications signal. Both numerical and experimental results are provided to prove the concept, and they agree well with each other.

Keywords： 阵列天线     极化可编程天线     可重构天线    

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Critical technique and scientific topic on fully polarized microwave radiometer remote sensing sea surface wind vector

Wang Zhenzhan,Jiang Jingshan,Liu Jingyi,Yin Xiaobin

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 6,   Pages 76-86

Abstract:

Microwave microwave polarimeter is a sensor of measuring not only the vertical-and horizontal-polarization, but also the third and/or the forth Stokes parameters. It realizes all information about electromagnetic wave, including frequency, phase, amplitude and polarization,to be measured by a senor. The correlated information of the first two Stokes parameters is more sensitive to the anisotropy of the ocean surface. Wind direction retrieval is one of the initial motivations of the polarimeter development. In this paper, the progress and characteristic on polarimeter development are introduced and theories of ocean wind vector remote sensing are analyzed. Oceanic emission and scattering model is develoked for remote sensing wind vector using passive polarimetric microwave radiometer. The critical techniques on its system design, which include receiver and calibration methods, are discussed in order to realize scientific target of wind retrievals. Furthermore more efforts are paid on expatiating scientific topics on wind reversion methods, including geophysical model function built-up, influences of main technical specifications on retrieval precision, and wind direction ambiguity removal methods by data-processing methods and scanning geometry. The calibration errors and main specifications of polarimetric radiometer,which have significant influences on the accuracy of wind vector retrieval,are summed in detail.Finally,a new scanning geometry with fore-aft-look to remove wind direction ambiguous solution is put forward.

Keywords： polarimetric microwave radiometer     wind vector retrieval     calibration    

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Extreme Engineering: Polarization in Product Development and Manufacturing

Andrew Kusiak

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 282-284 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.01.012

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Omnidirectional Antenna Diversity System for High-Speed Onboard Communication Article

Yongjian Zhang, Yue Li, Weiquan Zhang, Zhijun Zhang, Zhenghe Feng

Engineering 2022, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 72-79 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.014

Abstract:

In this article, an omnidirectional dual-polarized antenna with synergetic electromagnetic and aerodynamic properties is propounded for high-speed diversity systems. The propounded antenna comprises a probe-fed cavity for horizontally polarized radiation and a microstrip-fed slot for vertical polarization. Double-layer metasurfaces are properly designed as artificial magnetic conductor boundaries with direct metal-mountable onboard installation and compact sizes. An attached wedge-shaped block is utilized for windage reduction in hydrodynamics. The propounded antenna is fabricated for design verification, and the experimental results agree well with the simulated ones. For vertical polarization, the operating bandwidth is in the range of 2.37–2.55 GHz, and the realized gain variation in the azimuthal radiation pattern is 3.67 decibels (dB). While an impedance bandwidth in the range of 2.45–2.47 GHz and a gain variation of 3.71 dB are also achieved for horizontal polarization. A port isolation more than 33 dB is obtained in a compact volume of 0.247λ0 × 0.345λ0 × 0.074λ0, where λ0 represents the wavelength in vacuum at the center frequency, wherein the wedge-shaped block is included. The propounded diversity antenna has electromagnetic and aerodynamic merits, and exhibits an excellent potential for high-speed onboard communication.

 

Keywords： Antenna diversity system     Aerodynamics     Electromagnetics     Omnidirectional radiation     High-speed onboard communication    

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Safety Guarantee Measures for Subsea Shield Tunnel Segments Based on Life Cycle Deterioration Analysis

Liu Sijin,He Chuan,Sun Qi and Feng Kun

Strategic Study of CAE 2017, Volume 19, Issue 6,   Pages 52-60 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.008

Abstract:

The segment joint is the weak link in the lining structure of subsea tunnels, as it is under the continuous coupled effect of high water pressure and the corrosive seawater environment. If its performance deteriorates, it will seriously affect the safety of the lining structure of entire subsea shield tunnels. Based on an analysis of existing research into segment joint erosion and deterioration, a tunnel service time factor is introduced. Considering the influence of seawater pressure infiltration and chloride ion erosion and migration, a model analyzing the erosion and deterioration of the segment joint over its whole life cycle was subsequently established. The law governing the progressive erosion and deterioration of the segment joints of subsea tunnels over the entire life cycle was analyzed. The effects of seawater pressure and ion concentration on the erosion, deterioration, and steel corrosion of segment joints were studied. Based on the analysis of erosion and deterioration over the entire life cycle, economic and rational measures to ensure the long-term safety of the segment lining structure of subsea shield tunnels were proposed.

Keywords： shield tunnel     safety guarantee     deterioration analysis     ion erosion     segment joint    

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Optimal design of a large dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with China-coverage patterns for satellite communications Research Articles

Gang ZHAO, Yong-chang JIAO, Guan-tao CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 159-173 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900496

Abstract: A large dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with China-coverage patterns in two operating bands is designed. To sufficiently compensate for the spatial phase delay differences in two operating bands separately, a three-layer rectangular patch element is addressed, which is suitable for the large dual-polarization reflectarray. Due to the complexly shaped areas and high gain requirements, there are more than 25 000 elements in the reflectarray, making it difficult to design, due to more than 150 000 optimization variables. First, the discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT) and the inverse DFFT are used to establish a one-to-one relationship between the aperture distribution and the far field, which lays a foundation for optimizing the shaped-beam reflectarray. The intersection approach, based on the alternating projection, is used to obtain the desired reflection phases of all the elements at some sample frequencies, and a new method for producing a suitable initial solution is proposed to avoid undesired local minima. To validate the design method, a dual-polarization shaped-beam reflectarray with 7569 elements is fabricated and measured. The measurement results are in reasonable agreement with the simulation ones. Then, for the large broadband reflectarray with the minimum differential spatial phase delays in the operating band, an approach for determining the optimal position of the feed is discussed. To simultaneously find optimal dimensions of each element in two orthogonal directions, we establish a new optimization model, which is solved by the regular polyhedron method. Finally, a dual-band dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with 25 305 elements is designed to cover the continent of China. Simulation results show that patterns of the reflectarray meet the China-coverage requirements in two operating bands, and that the proposed optimization method for designing large reflectarrays with complexly shaped patterns is reliable and efficient.

Keywords： Reflectarray     Dual-polarization     Shaped beam     Phase-only synthesis    

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A dual-polarized Fabry–Pérot antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for millimeter-wave applications

Qingyi Guo, Hang Wong,guo_qingyi@163.com,hang.wong@cityu.edu.hk

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 599-608 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000514

Abstract: We introduce a dual-polarized (DP) rot cavity (FPC) antenna operating at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band with and characteristics. A DP feeding source and a partially reflective surface (PRS) integrated with a Fresnel zone lens are suggested to realize dual-polarization wave radiation over a wide impedance bandwidth. The feeding source provides vertical and horizontal polarizations while keeping high isolation between the two polarizations. PRS is used to realize Fabry cavity to produce a directive beam radiation. The integrated Fresnel zone rings are introduced for phase correction, leading to a significant gain enhancement for the antenna. For verification, a 60-GHz FPC antenna prototype with DP radiation is designed and fabricated with measurement results. It consists of a feeding source, a PRS integrated with a Fresnel zone lens, a quasi-curved reflector, and four three-dimensional printed supporters. The results illustrate that the peak gains of vertical and horizontal polarizations are 18.4 and 17.6 dBi, respectively. The impedance matching bandwidth for the two polarizations is 14%. The performance ensures that the proposed DP FPC antenna is a promising candidate for the fifth-generation wireless communication systems in the mmWave band.

Keywords： 双极化；法布里—珀罗腔天线；与菲涅耳带透镜集成的部分反射面；毫米波波段；高增益；宽带    

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COPPER: a combinatorial optimization problem solver with processing-in-memory architecture Correspondence

Yitong YAO, Gang DONG, Zhangming ZHU, Yintang YANG,19111110564@stu.xidian.edu.cn,gdong@xidian.edu.cn,zhangmingzhu@xidian.edu.cn,ytyang@xidian.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 5,   Pages 759-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200398

Abstract: We present a novel broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna with filtering effect for X- and Ku-band satellite wireless communication. The structure comprises a driven layer (also a filtering layer) and a stacked layer (also a CP layer). The bandpass filtering response consists of two radiation nulls, which is the combined effect of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed aperture and embedded driven patch. The chamfered patch is introduced as the stacked component with the ability to achieve CP and widen the operating bandwidth. A prototype with a compact layout of 0.8λ×0.71λ×0.16λ is fabricated using a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) process for demonstration. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, and show that the measured -10-dB impedance bandwidth and 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth are 10.83% and 15.54%, respectively. In addition, a peak gain of 8.9 dBic for left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), an average in-band gainLHCP > 7 dBic, and good frequency selectivity are obtained.

Keywords： 圆极化；滤波效应；贴片天线；衬底集成波导    

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Evacuation Analysis of a Large Shopping Mall

Song Weiguo,Yu Yanfei,Zhang Heping

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 10,   Pages 78-83

Abstract:

Along with the development of the society, it flows out more and more high-rise, underground and large-space buildings, of which the fire protection designs are sometimes beyond the requirements of existing national fire protection codes of China. Therefore, the performance-based fire protection design of buildings has been getting more and more chances of application. Evacuation analysis is one of the key problems in the performance-based design. In this paper, the performance-based design of a large shopping mall is introduced, and a cellular automata (CA) based evacuation model, i.e. the CAFE model is used to analyze the efficiency of evacuation. Because the interactions among pedestrians and those between pedestrians and environment are quantified in CAFE model, the values of evacuation time obtained through the model are slightly larger than those of an evacuation software, Simulex, indicating that the CAFE model is to some extent more conservative and the analysis results are with higher reliability.

Keywords： evacuation     performance-based design     cellular automata    

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Analysis and design of novel wideband and high efficiency millimeter-wave antenna arrays for 60-GHz applications Research Articles

Kai-lai WU, Yuan YAO, Xiao-he CHENG, Jun-sheng YU, Tao YU, Xiao-dong CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 128-143 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900461

Abstract: A type of millimeter-wave antenna array with flexible design is proposed for a variety of applications at 60 GHz. The antenna array can be adjusted to be linearly or circularly polarized by simply changing the radiation part of the antenna array. High gain, wideband, and high radiation efficiency characteristics can be achieved by adopting a low insertion loss feeding network and broadband antenna elements. For the linearly polarized antenna array, simulation results show that the impedance bandwidth of the 2×2 antenna subarray reaches 21.6%, while the maximum gain achieves 15.1 dBi and has a fluctuation of less than 0.4 dBi within the working bandwidth. Simulation results of the 8×8 linearly polarized antenna array show a bandwidth of 21.6% and a gain of (26.1±1) dBi with an antenna efficiency of more than 80%. For the 8×8 circularly polarized antenna array, simulation results show that an impedance bandwidth of 18.2% and an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 13.3% are obtained. Gain and efficiency of up to 27.6 dBi and 80% are achieved, respectively. A prototype of antenna array is fabricated, and results are compared and analyzed.

Keywords： 60 GHz     Antenna array     Linearly polarized     Circularly polarized     Millimeter-wave    

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Intertidal area classification with generalized extreme value distribution and Markov random field in quad-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar imagery None

Ting-ting JIN, Xiao-qiang SHE, Xiao-lan QIU, Bin LEI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 2,   Pages 253-264 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700462

Abstract:

Classification of intertidal area in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is an important yet challenging issue when considering the complicatedly and dramatically changing features of tidal fluctuation. The difficulty of intertidal area classification is compounded because a high proportion of this area is frequently flooded by water, making statistical modeling methods with spatial contextual information often ineffective. Because polarimetric entropy and anisotropy play significant roles in characterizing intertidal areas, in this paper we propose a novel unsupervised contextual classification algorithm. The key point of the method is to combine the generalized extreme value (GEV) statistical model of the polarization features and the Markov random field (MRF) for contextual smoothing. A goodness-of-fit test is added to determine the significance of the components of the statistical model. The final classification results are obtained by effectively combining the results of polarimetric entropy and anisotropy. Experimental results of the polarimetric data obtained by the Chinese Gaofen-3 SAR satellite demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed classification algorithm.

Keywords： Intertidal classification     Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar     Finite mixture model     Markov random field     Generalized extreme value model    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A novel wideband ring antenna for polarization/pattern diversity

Li SUN, Shigang ZHOU, Guanxi ZHANG, Baohua SUN

Journal Article

Dot-shaped beamforming analysis of subarray-based sin-FDA

Bo Wang, Jun-wei Xie, Jing Zhang, Jia-ang Ge,wb_wangbo1991@163.com

Journal Article

The provable security formal analysis of 802.11i authentication scheme

Song Yubo,Hu Aiqun,Yao Bingxin

Journal Article

Deceptive jamming discrimination based on range-anglelocalization of a frequency diverse array

Zhao-jian ZHANG, Jun-wei XIE, Chuan SHENG, Zhun TANG

Journal Article

A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array

Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo

Journal Article

Critical technique and scientific topic on fully polarized microwave radiometer remote sensing sea surface wind vector

Wang Zhenzhan,Jiang Jingshan,Liu Jingyi,Yin Xiaobin

Journal Article

Extreme Engineering: Polarization in Product Development and Manufacturing

Andrew Kusiak

Journal Article

Omnidirectional Antenna Diversity System for High-Speed Onboard Communication

Yongjian Zhang, Yue Li, Weiquan Zhang, Zhijun Zhang, Zhenghe Feng

Journal Article

Safety Guarantee Measures for Subsea Shield Tunnel Segments Based on Life Cycle Deterioration Analysis

Liu Sijin,He Chuan,Sun Qi and Feng Kun

Journal Article

Optimal design of a large dual-polarization microstrip reflectarray with China-coverage patterns for satellite communications

Gang ZHAO, Yong-chang JIAO, Guan-tao CHEN

Journal Article

A dual-polarized Fabry–Pérot antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth for millimeter-wave applications

Qingyi Guo, Hang Wong,guo_qingyi@163.com,hang.wong@cityu.edu.hk

Journal Article

COPPER: a combinatorial optimization problem solver with processing-in-memory architecture

Yitong YAO, Gang DONG, Zhangming ZHU, Yintang YANG,19111110564@stu.xidian.edu.cn,gdong@xidian.edu.cn,zhangmingzhu@xidian.edu.cn,ytyang@xidian.edu.cn

Journal Article

Evacuation Analysis of a Large Shopping Mall

Song Weiguo,Yu Yanfei,Zhang Heping

Journal Article

Analysis and design of novel wideband and high efficiency millimeter-wave antenna arrays for 60-GHz applications

Kai-lai WU, Yuan YAO, Xiao-he CHENG, Jun-sheng YU, Tao YU, Xiao-dong CHEN

Journal Article

Intertidal area classification with generalized extreme value distribution and Markov random field in quad-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar imagery

Ting-ting JIN, Xiao-qiang SHE, Xiao-lan QIU, Bin LEI

Journal Article