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Monte Carlo simulation of the PEMFC catalyst layer

WANG Hongxing, CAO Pengzhen, WANG Yuxin

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 146-150 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0027-3

Abstract: The performance of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is greatly controlled by the structureLow catalyst utilization is still a significant obstacle to the commercialization of the PEMFC.model on the effect of catalyst layer structure on the catalyst utilization and the performance of the PEMFC

Keywords： catalyst utilization PEMFC commercialization Pt/C catalyst conduction

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Modeling nanostructured catalyst layer in PEMFC and catalyst utilization

Jiejing ZHANG, Pengzhen CAO, Li XU, Yuxin WANG

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3, Pages 297-302 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1201-1

Abstract: A lattice model of the nanoscaled catalyst layer structure in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCThe model takes into account all the four components in a typical PEMFC catalyst layer: platinum (Pt)

Keywords： catalyst layer PEM fuel cell lattice model Monte Carlo method catalyst utilization

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A linear quadratic regulator control of a stand-alone PEM fuel cell power plant

Amar BENAISSA, Boualaga RABHI, Ammar MOUSSI, Dahmani AISSA

Frontiers in Energy 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 62-72 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0291-5

Abstract: The topology chosen for the simulation consists of a 45 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

Keywords： modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) controlling of PEMFC linear quadratic regulator

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Recent Advances in Electrode Design Based on One-Dimensional Nanostructure Arrays for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications Review

Shangfeng Du

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 33-49 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.014

Abstract:

One-dimensional (1D) Pt-based electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activities and stability toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Advances in three-dimensional (3D) ordered electrodes based on 1D Pt-based nanostructure arrays have revealed great potential for developing highperformance proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), in particular for addressing the mass transfer and durability challenges of Pt/C nanoparticle electrodes. This paper reviews recent progress in the field, with a focus on the 3D ordered electrodes based on self-standing Pt nanowire arrays. Nanostructured thin-film (NSTF) catalysts are discussed along with electrodes made from Pt-based nanoparticles deposited on arrays of polymer nanowires, and carbon and TiO₂ nanotubes. Achievements on electrodes from Pt-based nanotube arrays are also reviewed. The importance of size, surface properties, and the distribution control of 1D catalyst nanostructures is indicated. Finally, challenges and future development opportunities are addressed regarding increasing electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and quantifying oxygen mass transport resistance for 1D nanostructure array electrodes.

Keywords： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) Electrode One-dimensional (1D) Oxygen reduction reaction

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TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 852-861 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0811-7

Abstract: Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions. In this case, carbon corrosion occurs. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts can alleviate carbon corrosion by introducing water electrolysis at a lower potential at the anode in fuel shortage. The mixture of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and unsupported OER catalyst not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency, but also influences the initial performance of the fuel cell. Herein, Ti₄O₇ supported IrO_x is synthesized by utilizing the surfactant-assistant method and serves as reversal tolerant components in the anode. When the cell reverse time is less than 100 min, the cell voltage of the MEA added with IrO_x/Ti₄O₇ has almost no attenuation. Besides, the MEA has a longer reversal time (530 min) than IrO_x (75 min), showing an excellent reversal tolerance. The results of electron microscopy spectroscopy show that IrO_x particles have a good dispersity on the surface of Ti₄O₇ and IrO_x/Ti₄O₇ particles are uniformly dispersed on the anode catalytic layer. After the stability test, the Ti₄O₇ support has little decay, demonstrating a high electrochemical stability. IrO_x/Ti₄O₇ with a high dispersity has a great potential to the application on the reversal tolerance anode of the fuel cell.

Keywords： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) fuel starvation cell reverse reversal tolerance anode

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Ionic liquid modified Pt/C electrocatalysts for cathode application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Huixin Zhang, Jinying Liang, Bangwang Xia, Yang Li, Shangfeng Du

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 695-701 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1838-8

Abstract: The modification of Pt/C catalyst by using ionic liquids to improve their catalyst activities has been reported by many researchers, but their practical behavior in operating fuel cells is still unknown. In this work, we study the ionic liquid modified Pt/C nanoparticle catalysts within cathodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The influence of the ionic liquid amount, adsorption times and dispersing solvents are investigated. The experiment results show the best performance enhancement is achieved through two-time surface modification with 2 wt-% ionic liquid solution. The mechanisms are explored with the attribution to the high oxygen solubility in the ionic liquid enabling an improved oxygen diffusion in micropores and to good hydrophobicity facilitating water expelling from the active sites in fuel cell operation.

Keywords： ionic liquid PEMFC electrode oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst adsorption

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Failure mode investigation of fuel cell for vehicle application

Zhongjun HOU, Renfang WANG, Keyong WANG, Weiyu SHI, Danming XING, Hongchun JIANG

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 318-325 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0488-0

Abstract: The durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been posing a key technical challenge to commercial spread of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). To improve the durability, it is necessary to optimize the fuel cell system (FCS) design against failure modes. The fuel cell durability research method at FCS scale was exhibited, and the failure modes of fuel cell were experimentally investigated in this paper. It is found that the fuel cell dry operation, start/stop cycle and gas diffusion layer (GDL) flooding are typical failure modes of fuel cells. After the modifications against the failure modes, the durability of FCSs is improved to over 3000 h step by step.

Keywords： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) fuel cell system (FCS) durability failure mode fuel cell vehicle

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Status and Future of the Electric Vehicles and Their Relevant Power Materials

Yang Yuchun

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages 1-11

Abstract:

The status, R & D tendency and commercialization prospect of electric vehicles (EVs), their power sources (nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell) and relevant battery (cell) materials are elucidated. Electric vehicle as a viable alternative to petrol-engine cars and hydrogen energy as an alternative energy source to carbon-based fuels is an important development direction for transportation.

Keywords： vehicle (EV) nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) lithium ion battery (LIB) proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC