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Climate change 1

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land-surface phenology 1

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Integrating space and time: a case for phenological context in grazing studies and management

Dawn M. BROWNING, Sheri SPIEGAL, Richard E. ESTELL, Andres F. CIBILS, Raul H. PEINETTI

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 44-56 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017193

Abstract: In water-limited landscapes, patterns in primary production are highly variable across space and time. Livestock grazing is a common agricultural practice worldwide and a concern is localized overuse of specific pasture resources that can exacerbate grass losses and soil erosion. On a research ranch in New Mexico with average annual rainfall of 217 mm, we demonstrate with a quantitative approach that annual seasons vary greatly and examine foraging patterns in Angus-Hereford ( ) cows. We define five seasonal stages based on MODIS NDVI: pre-greenup, greenup, peak green, drydown and dormant, and examine livestock movements in 2008. Daily distance traveled by cows was greater and foraging area expanded during periods with higher precipitation. A regression model including minimum NDVI, rainfall and their interaction explained 81% of the seasonal variation in distance traveled by cows ( <0.01). Cows explored about 81 ha·d while foraging, but tended to explore smaller areas as the pasture became greener (greenup and peak green stages). Cows foraged an average of 9.7 h daily and spent more time foraging with more concentrated search patterns as pastures became greener. Our findings suggest that phenological context can expand the capacity to compare and integrate findings, and facilitate meta-analyses of grazing studies conducted at different locations and times of year.

Keywords： GPS collars Jornada Experimental Range land-surface phenology livestock movement LTAR MODIS NDVI rangeland

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Developing Wheat for Improved Yield and Adaptation Under a Changing Climate: Optimization of a Few Key Genes Review

M.A.N. Nazim Ud Dowla,Ian Edwards,Graham O’Hara,Shahidul Islam,Wujun Ma

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 514-522 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.06.005

Abstract: Wheat is adapted to a wide range of environments due to the diversity in its phenology genes.Wheat phenology offers the opportunity to fight against drought by modifying crop developmental phasesThis review summarizes recent advances in wheat phenology research, including vernalization (VrnArabidopsis, more phenology genes have not yet been identifiedHence, there is scope to maximize yields in water-limited environments by deploying appropriate phenology

Keywords： Phenology Wheat Vernalization Photoperiod Drought Climate change