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State space optimization of finite state machines from the viewpoint of control theory Research Article

Jumei Yue, Yongyi Yan, Zengqiang Chen, He Deng,yjm@mail.nankai.edu.cn,yyyan@mail.nankai.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 12,   Pages 1551-1684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000608

Abstract: Motivated by the inconvenience or even inability to explain the mathematics of the state of (FSMs) in most existing results, we consider the problem by viewing FSMs as logical dynamic systems. Borrowing ideas from the concept of equilibrium points of dynamic systems in control theory, the concepts of -equivalent states and -source equivalent states are introduced. Based on the state transition dynamic equations of FSMs proposed in recent years, several mathematical formulations of -equivalent states and -source equivalent states are proposed. These can be analogized to the necessary and sufficient conditions of equilibrium points of dynamic systems in control theory and thus give a mathematical explanation of the optimization problem. Using these mathematical formulations, two methods are designed to find all the -equivalent states and -source equivalent states of FSMs. Further, two ways of reducing the state space of FSMs are found. These can be implemented without computers but with only pen and paper in a mathematical manner. In addition, an open question is raised which can further improve these methods into unattended ones. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods are verified by a practical language model.

Keywords： 有限状态自动机；有限值系统；逻辑系统；逻辑网络；矩阵半张量积；空间优化    

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A matrix-based static approach to analysis of finite state machines Research Article

He DENG, Yongyi YAN, Zengqiang CHEN,yyyan@mail.nankai.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 8,   Pages 1239-1246 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100561

Abstract: Traditional matrix-based approaches in the field of construct state transition matrices, and then use the powers of the state transition matrices to represent corresponding dynamic transition processes, which are cornerstones of system analysis. In this study, we propose a static matrix-based approach that revisits a finite state machine from its structure rather than its dynamic transition process, thus avoiding the "explosion of complexity" problem inherent in the existing approaches. Based on the static approach, we reexamine the issues of closed-loop detection and controllability for deterministic . In addition, we propose controllable equivalent form and minimal controllable equivalent form concepts and give corresponding algorithms.

Keywords： Logical systems     Finite-valued systems     Semi-tensor product of matrices     Finite state machines     Matrix approaches    

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Output tracking of delayed logical control networks withmulti-constraint Research Articles

Ya-ting ZHENG, Jun-e FENG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 316-323 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900376

Abstract: In this study, the output tracking of delayed logical control networks (DLCNs) with state and control constraints is further investigated. Compared with other delays, state-dependent delay updates its value depending on the current state values and a pseudo-logical function. Multiple constraints mean that state values are constrained in a nonempty set and the design of the controller is conditioned. Using the semi-tensor product of matrices, dynamical equations of DLCNs are converted into an algebraic description, and an equivalent augmented system is constructed. Based on the augmented system, the output tracking problem is transformed into a set stabilization problem. A deformation of the state transition matrix is computed, and a necessary and sufficient condition is derived for the output tracking of a DLCN with multi-constraint. This condition is easily verified by mathematical software. In addition, the admissible state-feedback controller is designed to enable the outputs of the DLCN to track the reference signal. Finally, theoretical results are illustrated by an example.

Keywords： Logical control networks     Multi-constraint     Output tracking     Stabilization     State-dependent delay     Semi-tensor product    

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Newdevelopments in control design techniques of logical control networks Review Articles

Xiang-shan KONG, Shu-ling WANG, Hai-tao LI, Fuad E. ALSAADI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 220-233 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900397

Abstract: The control design problem plays a fundamental role in the study of logical control networks (LCNs). This paper presents a detailed survey on new developments in control design techniques of LCNs. First, some preliminary results on the semi-tensor product method and LCNs are reviewed. Then, we move on to some new developments for control design techniques of LCNs, including the reachable set approach, the pinning control technique, the control Lyapunov function approach, the event-triggered control technique, and the sampled-data control technique. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques.

Keywords： Logical control network     Control design     Semi-tensor product of matrices    

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On observability of Galois nonlinear feedback shift registers over finite fields Research Article

Zhe GAO, Jun´e FENG, Yongyuan YU, Yanjun CUI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 10,   Pages 1533-1545 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200228

Abstract:

ensures that any two distinct initial states can be uniquely determined by their outputs, so the stream ciphers can avoid unobservable to prevent the occurrence of equivalent keys. This paper discusses the of over . are treated as using the . The vector form of the state transition matrix is introduced, by which a necessary and sufficient condition is proposed, as well as an algorithm for determining the of general . Moreover, a new matrix is defined, which can derive a matrix method with lower computation complexity. Furthermore, the of two special types of , a full-length Galois NFSR and a nonsingular Galois NFSR, is investigated. Two methods are proposed to determine the of these two special types of NFSRs, and some numerical examples are provided to support these results.

Keywords： Observability     Nonlinear feedback shift registers (NFSRs)     Galois NFSRs     Semi-tensor product     Finite fields     Logical networks    

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Controllability of Boolean control networks with multiple time delays in both states and controls Research Article

Yifeng LI, Lan WANG,liyifeng@cqnu.edu.cn,wanglan202212@126.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 6,   Pages 906-915 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200618

Abstract: In this paper, the problem of of (BCNs) with multiple s in both states and controls is investigated. First, the problem of BCNs with multiple s in controls is considered. For this problem, a matrix is constructed by defining a new product of matrices, based on which a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained. Then, the of BCNs with multiple s in states is studied by giving a necessary and sufficient condition. Subsequently, based on these results, a matrix for BCNs with multiple s in both states and controls is proposed that provides a concise condition. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the main results.

Keywords： Boolean control networks     Semi-tensor product of matrices     Controllability     Time delay    

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Design of an eco-gearshift control strategy under a logic system framework Research Articles

Ming-xin KANG, Jin-wu GAO

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 340-350 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900459

Abstract: Good access to traffic information provides enormous potential for automotive powertrain control. We propose a logical control approach for the gearshift strategy, aimed at improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles. The driver power demand in a specific position usually exhibits stochastic features and can be statistically analyzed in accordance with historical driving data and instant traffic conditions; therefore, it offers opportunities for the design of a gearshift control scheme. Due to the discrete characteristics of a gearshift, the control design of the gearshift strategy can be formulated under a logic system framework. To this end, vehicle dynamics are discretized with several logic states, and then modeled as a logic system with the Markov process model. The fuel optimization problem is constructed as a receding-horizon optimal control problem under the logic system framework, and a dynamic programming algorithm with algebraic operations is applied to determine the optimal strategy online. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control design has better potential for fuel efficiency improvement than the conventional method.

Keywords： Stochastic logic system     Gearshift strategy     Receding-horizon optimization     Traffic information     Eco-driving    

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Output feedback stabilizer design of Boolean networks based on network structure Research Articles

Jie ZHONG, Bo-wen LI, Yang LIU, Wei-hua GUI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 247-259 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900229

Abstract: In genetic regulatory networks, a stable configuration can represent the evolutionary behavior of cell death or unregulated growth in genes. We present analytical investigations on output feedback stabilizer design of Boolean networks (BNs) to achieve global stabilization via the semi-tensor product method. Based on network structure information describing coupling connections among nodes, an output feedback stabilizer is designed to achieve global stabilization. Compared with the traditional pinning control design, the output feedback stabilizer design is not based on the state transition matrix of BNs, which can efficiently determine pinning control nodes and reduce computational complexity. Our proposed method is efficient in that the calculation of the state transition matrix with dimension 2n × 2n is avoided; here n is the number of nodes in a BN. Finally, a signal transduction network and a D. melanogaster segmentation polarity gene network are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method. Results are shown to be simple and concise, compared with traditional pinning control for BNs.

Keywords： Boolean networks     Output feedback stabilizer     Network structure     Semi-tensor product of matrices    

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Indeterminacy Causal Inductive Automatic Reasoning Mechanism Based On Fuzzy State Describing

Yang Bingru,Tang Jing

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 5,   Pages 44-50

Abstract:

New framework of knowledge representation of fuzzy language field and fuzzy language value structure is shown in this paper. Then the generalized cell automation that can synthetically process fuzzy indeterminacy and random indeterminacy and the generalized inductive logic causal model are brought forward. On this basis, the new logic indeterminate causal inductive automatic reasoning mechanism which is based on fuzzy state describing is brought forward. At the end of this paper its application in the development of intelligent controller is discussed.

Keywords： language field     language value structure     generalized cell automation     generalized inductive logic causal model     automatic reasoning     intelligent controller    

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A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata Research Articles

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 11,   Pages 1441-1550 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000590

Abstract: New technologies such as have been showing some remarkable characteristics that standard complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) in deep sub-micron cannot afford. Modeling systems and designing multiple-valued logic gates with QCA have advantages that facilitate the design of complicated logic circuits. In this paper, we propose a novel creative concept for . The concept has been set in , the new simulator developed by our team exclusively for QCAs’ quaternary mode. Proposed basic gates such as MIN, MAX, and different types of inverters (SQI, PQI, NQI, and IQI) have been designed and verified by . This study will exemplify how fast and accurately works by its handy set of CAD tools. A 1×4 decoder is presented using our proposed main gates. Preference points such as the minimum delay, area, and complexity have been achieved in this work. QQCA main logic gates are compared with based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET). The results show that the proposed design is more efficient in terms of latency and energy consumption.

Keywords： 量子点细胞自动机（QCA）；四值逻辑；量子点细胞自动模拟器（QCASim）；四值QCA（QQCA）；四值译码器；四值门    

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Reversible binary subtractor design using quantumdot-cellular automata Article

Jadav Chandra DAS, Debashis DE

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 9,   Pages 1416-1429 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1600999

Abstract: In the field of nanotechnology, quantum dot-cellular automata(QCA) is the promising archetype that can provide an alternative solutionto conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit.QCA has high device density, high operating speed, and extremely lowpower consumption. Reversible logic has widespread applications inQCA. Researchers have explored several designs of QCA-based reversiblelogic circuits, but still not much work has been reported on QCA-basedreversible binary subtractors. The low power dissipation and highcircuit density of QCA pledge the energy-efficient design of logiccircuit at a nano-scale level. However, the necessity of too manylogic gates and detrimental garbage outputs may limit the functionalityof a QCA-based logic circuit. In this paper we describethe design and implementation of a DG gate in QCA. The universal natureof the DG gate has been established. The QCA building block of theDG gate is used to achieve new reversible binary subtractors. Theproposed reversible subtractors have low quantum cost and garbageoutputs compared to the existing reversible subtractors. The proposedcircuits are designed and simulated using QCA Designer-2.0.3.

Keywords： Quantum dot-cellular automata (QCA)     Reversible logic     DG gate     Binary subtractor     Quantum cost    

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Cascading decomposition of Boolean control networks: a graph-theoreticalmethod Research Articles

Yi-feng LI, Jian-dong ZHU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 304-315 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900422

Abstract: Two types of cascading decomposition problems of Boolean control networks are investigated using a raph-theoretical method. A new graphic concept called nested perfect equal vertex partition (NPEVP) is proposed. Based on NPEVP, the necessary and sufficient graphic conditions for solvability of the cascading decomposition problems are obtained. Given the proposed graphic conditions, the logical coordinate transformations are constructively obtained to realize the corresponding cascading decomposition forms. Finally, two illustrative examples are provided to validate the results.

Keywords： Boolean control networks     Semi-tensor product     Cascading decomposition     Graphic condition    

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Nano-design of ultra-efficient reversible block based on quantum-dot cellular automata Research Article

Seyed Sajad AHMADPOUR, Nima Jafari NAVIMIPOUR, Mohammad MOSLEH, Senay YALCIN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 3,   Pages 447-456 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200095

Abstract: has recently gained significant interest due to its inherent ability to reduce , which is the primary need for low-power digital circuits. One of the newest areas of relevant study is , which has applications in many areas, including , DNA computing, quantum computing, fault tolerance, and low-power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). An electrical circuit is classified as reversible if it has an equal number of inputs and outputs, and a one-to-one relationship. A reversible circuit is conservative if the EXOR of the inputs and the EXOR of the outputs are equivalent. In addition, is one of the state-of-the-art approaches that can be used as an alternative to traditional technologies. Hence, we propose an efficient conservative gate with low power demand and high speed in this paper. First, we present a called ANG (Ahmadpour Navimipour Gate). Then, two non-resistant QCA ANG and reversible fault-tolerant ANG structures are implemented in QCA technology. The suggested is realized through the . Subsequently, reversible fault-tolerant ANG is implemented by the 2DW clocking scheme. Furthermore, the power consumption of the suggested ANG is assessed under different energy ranges (0.5Ek, 1.0Ek, and 1.5Ek). Simulations of the structures and analysis of their power consumption are performed using QCADesigner 2.0.03 and QCAPro software. The proposed gate shows great improvements compared to recent designs.

Keywords： Nanotechnology     Reversible logic     Energy dissipation     Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA)     Reversible gate     Miller algorithm    

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Research on structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on RTK GPS system

Wang Renpeng,Yao Lianbi,Meng Xiaolin

Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 3,   Pages 63-70

Abstract:

For the huge amount of raw data that were obtained during field data acquisition by the real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK GPS) in structural health monitoring (SHM) system of the Nanpu Bridge in Shanghai, we finished lots of processing works and obtain x-coordinate , y-coordinate,z-coordinate time series of all 12 monitoring station points. The coordinate time series were treated as the multi-outputs of the dynamic system and used to build the state space model and ARMA model and spectrum estimations for the response. The analysis results were consistent with the results of test that completed when the bridge was opened in 1990 and results that forecasted by fine finite element (FE) model. The research illustrated that the state-space model and ARMA model were efficient tools for evaluation of performance of civil structures, and furtherly proved the possibility of building the prototype SHM that based on RTK GPS.

Keywords： RTK GPS system     time series     state-space model     ARMA model     finite element model    

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A joint image compression and encryption scheme based on a novel coupled map lattice system and DNA operations Research Article

Yuanyuan LI, Xiaoqing YOU, Jianquan LU, Jungang LOU,jqluma@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 6,   Pages 813-827 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200645

Abstract: In this paper, an efficient image encryption scheme based on a novel mixed linear–nonlinear coupled map lattice (NMLNCML) system and is presented. The proposed NMLNCML system strengthens the chaotic characteristics of the system, and is applicable for image encryption. The main advantages of the proposed method are embodied in its extensive key space; high sensitivity to secret keys; great resistance to chosen-plaintext attack, statistical attack, and differential attack; and good robustness to noise and data loss. Our image cryptosystem adopts the architecture of scrambling, compression, and diffusion. First, a plain image is transformed to a sparsity coefficient matrix by discrete wavelet transform, and plaintext-related Arnold scrambling is performed on the coefficient matrix. Then, (STP) is employed to compress and encrypt the coefficient matrix. Finally, the compressed coefficient matrix is diffused by DNA random encoding, DNA addition, and bit XOR operation. The NMLNCML system is applied to generate chaotic elements in the STP measurement matrix of and the pseudo-random sequence in . An SHA-384 function is used to produce plaintext secret keys and thus makes the proposed encryption algorithm highly sensitive to the original image. Simulation results and performance analyses verify the security and effectiveness of our scheme.

Keywords： Compressive sensing     Coupled map lattice (CML)     DNA operations     Semi-tensor product    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

State space optimization of finite state machines from the viewpoint of control theory

Jumei Yue, Yongyi Yan, Zengqiang Chen, He Deng,yjm@mail.nankai.edu.cn,yyyan@mail.nankai.edu.cn

Journal Article

A matrix-based static approach to analysis of finite state machines

He DENG, Yongyi YAN, Zengqiang CHEN,yyyan@mail.nankai.edu.cn

Journal Article

Output tracking of delayed logical control networks withmulti-constraint

Ya-ting ZHENG, Jun-e FENG

Journal Article

Newdevelopments in control design techniques of logical control networks

Xiang-shan KONG, Shu-ling WANG, Hai-tao LI, Fuad E. ALSAADI

Journal Article

On observability of Galois nonlinear feedback shift registers over finite fields

Zhe GAO, Jun´e FENG, Yongyuan YU, Yanjun CUI

Journal Article

Controllability of Boolean control networks with multiple time delays in both states and controls

Yifeng LI, Lan WANG,liyifeng@cqnu.edu.cn,wanglan202212@126.com

Journal Article

Design of an eco-gearshift control strategy under a logic system framework

Ming-xin KANG, Jin-wu GAO

Journal Article

Output feedback stabilizer design of Boolean networks based on network structure

Jie ZHONG, Bo-wen LI, Yang LIU, Wei-hua GUI

Journal Article

Indeterminacy Causal Inductive Automatic Reasoning Mechanism Based On Fuzzy State Describing

Yang Bingru,Tang Jing

Journal Article

A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Journal Article

Reversible binary subtractor design using quantumdot-cellular automata

Jadav Chandra DAS, Debashis DE

Journal Article

Cascading decomposition of Boolean control networks: a graph-theoreticalmethod

Yi-feng LI, Jian-dong ZHU

Journal Article

Nano-design of ultra-efficient reversible block based on quantum-dot cellular automata

Seyed Sajad AHMADPOUR, Nima Jafari NAVIMIPOUR, Mohammad MOSLEH, Senay YALCIN

Journal Article

Research on structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on RTK GPS system

Wang Renpeng,Yao Lianbi,Meng Xiaolin

Journal Article

A joint image compression and encryption scheme based on a novel coupled map lattice system and DNA operations

Yuanyuan LI, Xiaoqing YOU, Jianquan LU, Jungang LOU,jqluma@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article