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Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine: A Promising Avenue for Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Review

Wei Yin, Feng Pan, Junjie Zhu, Junwu Xu, Diego Gonzalez-Rivas, Meinoshin Okumura, Zhiyong Tang, Yang Yang,

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 11, Pages 1577-1585 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.017

Abstract: and therapeutic strategies used for lung cancer have motivated the development of nanotechnology and nanomedicineDespite the successful application of nanomedicine techniques in lung cancer research, the clinical translationof nanomedicine approaches remains challenging due to the limited understanding of the interactionsIn this review, we highlight the progress and opportunities associated with nanomedicine use for lung

Keywords： Nanomedicine Lung cancer Diagnosis Therapy

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Translational initiatives in thrombolytic therapy

Melvin E. Klegerman

Frontiers of Medicine 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 1-19 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0497-8

Abstract:

Once thrombi have formed as part of the pathology defining myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease, deep venous thrombosis or other embolic disorders, the only clinically meaningful thrombolytic agents available for reversing the thrombogenic process are various plasminogen activators. These agents are enzymes that reverse fibrin polymerization underlying the coagulation process by converting endogenous plasminogen to plasmin, which cleaves the fibrin network to form increasingly smaller protein fragments, a process known as fibrinolysis. For the most part, the major clinically used thrombolytics, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase and streptokinase, as well as the experimentally investigated agent staphylokinase, are the products of recombinant DNA technology, which permits molecular optimization of clinical efficacy. In all cases of molecular optimization and targeting, however, the primary challenge of thrombolytic therapy remains hemorrhagic side effects, which are especially devastating when they occur intracerebrally. Currently, the best strategy to ameliorate this adverse effect is nanoparticulate encapsulation or complexation, and many strategies of this sort are being actively pursued. This review summarizes the variety of targeted and untargeted thrombolytic formulations that have been investigated in preclinical studies.

Keywords： thrombolytics nanomedicine plasminogen activators

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Polymeric micelle nanocarriers in cancer research

Dae Hwan Shin, Yu Tong Tam, Glen S. Kwon

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 348-359 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1582-2

Abstract: Amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCs) assemble into a spherical nanoscopic supramolecular core/shell nanostructure termed a polymeric micelle that has been widely researched as an injectable nanocarrier for poorly water-soluble anticancer agents. The aim of this review article is to update progress in the field of drug delivery towards clinical trials, highlighting advances in polymeric micelles used for drug solubilization, reduced off-target toxicity and tumor targeting by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Polymeric micelles vary in stability in blood and drug release rate, and accordingly play different but key roles in drug delivery. For intravenous (IV) infusion, polymeric micelles that disassemble in blood and rapidly release poorly water-soluble anticancer agent such as paclitaxel have been used for drug solubilization, safety and the distinct possibility of toxicity reduction relative to existing solubilizing agents, e.g., Cremophor EL. Stable polymeric micelles are long-circulating in blood and reduce distribution to non-target tissue, lowering off-target toxicity. Further, they participate in the EPR effect in murine tumor models. In summary, polymeric micelles act as injectable nanocarriers for poorly water-soluble anticancer agents, achieving reduced toxicity and targeting tumors by the EPR effect.

Keywords： nanomedicine parenteral poly(ethylene glycol) poly(lactic acid) reformulation

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Engineering platelet-mimicking drug delivery vehicles

Quanyin Hu, Hunter N. Bomba, Zhen Gu

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 624-632 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1614-6

Abstract: Platelets dynamically participate in various physiological processes, including wound repair, bacterial clearance, immune response, and tumor metastasis. Recreating the specific biological features of platelets by mimicking the structure of the platelet or translocating the platelet membrane to synthetic particles holds great promise in disease treatment. This review highlights recent advancements made in the platelet-mimicking strategies. The future opportunities and translational challenges are also discussed.

Keywords： drug delivery platelets nanomedicine bio-inspired biomimetic

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Barriers to advancing nanotechnology to better improve and translate nanomedicines

Yuwei WANG,David W. Grainger

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 265-275 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1442-x

Abstract: Engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnologies promise many benefits to enhance both and performance. This is now manifest in the increasing number of reported biomedical products under development and testing that contain nanotechnologies as their distinguishing performance—enhancing components. In many cases, nano-sized materials are selected to provide a specific functional aspect that contributes to improved medical performance, either or . Nanoparticles are most commonly exploited in diverse roles in topical lotions and creams, solubilization aids, for and diagnostic and targeting agents in nanomedicines and theranostics. Despite fundamental scientific excitement and many claims to nanotechnology-based improvements in new biomedical applications, several fundamental and long-standing challenges remain to be addressed using nanomedicines to make clinically important progress. This review addresses several issues that must be fairly and objectively reported and then overcome to provide truly credible performance for nanomedicines.

Keywords： nanotechnology nanomedicine drug delivery therapeutic target delivery