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Strategies for Soil Fertility Improvement of Arable Land in China
Yingjie Hu, Xiangbin Kong, Yuzhen Zhang
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 84-89 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.013
This paper systematically reviews the trends of soil fertility of arable land in China and puts forwards that the soil fertility improvement of arable land in China should realize the strategic change from single application of chemical fertilizer to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, combine cultivation with preservation to maintain soil fertility, and implement spatial differentiation control. Moreover, this paper summarizes the ways to improve the soil fertility of arable land in China, including increasing the application of organic fertilizer, promoting straw returning to the field, resuming and promoting green manure cultivation, improving the farming conditions, and optimizing the layout of agroforestry networks. At last, this paper proposes policy suggestions of implementing high-standard farmland construction projects, soil improvement and restoration projects, grass-crop rotation projects, straw returning projects, and livestock and poultry manure application projects.
Keywords： 保持土壤肥力，应实行空间差异化管控的战略思路，总结出增施有机肥、推广秸秆还田、恢复推广绿肥种植以及提升农田耕作条件和优化农田林网布局等耕地土壤肥力提升实现途径，提出了国家继续实施高标准农田建设工程、土壤改良修复工程 本文系统梳理了中国耕地土壤肥力变化态势，提出我国耕地土壤肥力提升应实现从单一施用化肥向有机无机肥相结合的战略转变，应
A Research on the Bioremediation and the Fate of Oil Pollutant in Soil
Qi Yongqiang,Wang Hongqi,Liu Jingqi
Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 8, Pages 70-75
Bioremediation is now a promising way to treat oil-polluted soil. In this paper, the author arranged the 7 main factors influencing the bioremediation found in former experiments on 16 samples with the help of orthogonal table and performed a series of experiments. The relative weights and optimal levels of these factors are found; the fates of different components in oil during the late phase of the bioremediation are studied; the structure differences among the residues are analyzed. The 7 factors influencing the bioremediation of oil-polluted soil are： pollution intensity, nutrients (NH4NO3, K2HPO4), oxidant (3%H2O2 Solution), surfactant (TW80), temperature, water ratio and soil disturbance. The weights and optimal levels of factors can change during different phases of the bioremediation. In the late phase of the bioremediation, the main residues of oil pollutant are n-alkanes and isomeric alkanes. The spectrogram of n-alkanes changs from a symmetrical bell shape to an unsymmetrical bell shape. The proportion of isomeric alkanes increases and the base line from C15 to C21 is driven up.
Keywords： soil oil pollution bioremediation
The Stable Movement of Salty Water Soil and Pattern Researchof Removing the Salt
Zhou Heping,Peng Lixin,Xu Xiaobo
Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages 120-126
Through the research of the water-salt movement under different ground condition for the water saving irrigation in dry area, it has been found that there is the symptom of redistribution of water and salt in certain area:when the evolvement of water and salt movement occurs in vertical and horizontal direction, there is also the important symptom of sideward movement and has certain domino effect. This paper analyses the technology for treatment of the salt soil at home and abroad, and discusses the new mode of salt drainage under both the condition of water-salt directional movement and the condition of salt movement to the earth's surface. The study has the practical meaning for research and discussion on the new method of salt soil amending in dry agricultural area in China.
Keywords： water-salt directional movement new mode of salt dranage research and discussion
Dana Mackenzie
Engineering 2023, Volume 28, Issue 9, Pages 1-3 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.002
Rolf Zumsteg, Lars Langmaack
Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 6, Pages 863-870 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.11.006
The history of the formation of the alpine region is affected by the activities of the glaciers, which have a strong influence on underground works in this area. Mechanized tunneling must adapt to the presence of sound and altered rock, as well as to inhomogeneous soil layers that range from permeable gravel to soft clay sediments along the same tunnel. This article focuses on past experiences with tunnel-boring machines (TBMs) in Switzerland, and specifically on the aspects of soil conditioning during a passage through inhomogeneous soft soils. Most tunnels in the past were drilled using the slurry mode (SM), in which the application of different additives was mainly limited to difficult zones of high permeability and stoppages for tool change and modification. For drillings with the less common earth pressure balanced mode (EPBM), continuous foam conditioning and the additional use of polymer and bentonite have proven to be successful. The use of conditioning additives led to new challenges during separation of the slurries (for SM) and disposal of the excavated soil (for EPBM). If the disposal of chemically treated soft soil material from the earth pressure balanced (EPB) drive in a manner that is compliant with environmental legislation is considered early on in the design and evaluation of the excavation mode, the EPBM can be beneficial for tunnels bored in glacial deposits.
Keywords： Soil conditioning Earth pressure balanced shield Slurry shield Mechanized tunneling
Suggestions for Management and Control of Antibiotics in Farmland Soil in China
Wang Na, Guo Xinyan, Shan Zhengjun, Cai Daoji
Strategic Study of CAE 2021, Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages 167-173 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.023
Antibiotics are important for sustaining the livestock and poultry industry in China; however, duo to the agricultural utilization of livestock and poultry manure, the risk of antibiotic resistance transmission becomes increasingly prominent. Therefore, the risk control of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the farmland soil becomes urgent in China. In this study, we summarizes the status of antibiotic pollution in the farmland soil in China, sorts out the problems regarding the management and control of emerging antibiotic pollutants in farmland soil, and proposes some measures for risk control of the antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes. This study reveals that the emerging antibiotic pollutants have not been included in soil risk management and more attention should be paid to the pollution risks of the antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes for the farmland soil. To this end, a strict veterinary drug regulatory mechanism should be established to control the risks from the source. Moreover, standards should be established for controlling antibiotic resistance in organic fertilizers, and technical guidelines should be created for regulating the treatment and application of antibiotics-containing manure, thus to reduce the amount of antibiotic resistance genes that enter into the environment. Meanwhile, human health risks caused by the generation and transfer of environmental antibiotic resistance should be assessed and studied and routine monitoring of antibiotic resistance in farmland soil should be conducted, thereby supporting the risk control of such pollutants using risk assessment.
Keywords： antibiotics antibiotic resistance genes farmland soil transmission risk management and control measures
Analysis of Data Sets With Different Microwave Remote Sensing Mode in Soil Moisture Retrieval
Yuan Wei,Li Zongqian,Liu Ning
Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 6, Pages 50-56
The scattering coefficient and emissivity are both very sensitive to the moisture content of bare soil surface, which is the essence of measuring soil moisture by using microwave technology. The methods and characters of three microwave remote sensing modes for soil moisture retrieval are discussed in this paper. Firstly, scattering coefficient and emissivity for bare soil surface are calculated based on the theoretical backscattering model BSM. Then the paper analyzes the distribution of isomoisture regions of different data sets, and presents that soil moisture information can be retrieved by using ANN with appropriate input data set.
Keywords： microwave remote sensing soil moisture retrieval remote sensing modes neural network
The Influence of Priori Knowledge on Soil Moisture Inversion by Using Passive Remote Sensing
Tang Lu,Li Zongqian,Shi Changsheng,Wang Xin
Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 53-58
It's pointed out by this paper that the priori knowledge of random rough soil surface is needed in soil moisture inversion by using passive remote sensing, so the precision of priori knowledge has effect on the inversion result. Several kinds of inversion error are defined in this paper to depict the influence of three kinds of priori knowledge on the inversion, these three kinds of priori knowledge are the type of soil surface height distribution, soil temperature, and soil texture. Simulation result shows that it's feasible to invert soil moisture by neural network (NN) based on bi-spectrum model (BSM) . Using two kinds of emissivity data of two polarizations as the input of NN, the inversion error of soil moisture is allowable even there is some uncertainty on these three kinds of priori knowledge.
Keywords： microwave remote sensing priori knowledge emissivity soil moisture bi-spectrum model neural network
Julia E. Vidonish, Kyriacos Zygourakis, Caroline A. Masiello, Gabriel Sabadell, Pedro J. J. Alvarez
Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 426-437 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.005
Thermal treatment technologies hold an important niche in the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and sediments due to their ability to quickly and reliably meet cleanup standards. However, sustained high temperature can be energy intensive and can damage soil properties. Despite the broad applicability and prevalence of thermal remediation, little work has been done to improve the environmental compatibility and sustainability of these technologies. We review several common thermal treatment technologies for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, assess their potential environmental impacts, and propose frameworks for sustainable and low-impact deployment based on a holistic consideration of energy and water requirements, ecosystem ecology, and soil science. There is no universally appropriate thermal treatment technology. Rather, the appropriate choice depends on the contamination scenario (including the type of hydrocarbons present) and on site-specific considerations such as soil properties, water availability, and the heat sensitivity of contaminated soils. Overall, the convergence of treatment process engineering with soil science, ecosystem ecology, and plant biology research is essential to fill critical knowledge gaps and improve both the removal efficiency and sustainability of thermal technologies.
Keywords： Soil decomposition Land reclamation Incineration Pyrolysis Desorption
Desert “Soilization”: An Eco-Mechanical Solution to Desertification
Zhijian Yi, Chaohua Zhao
Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 270-273 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.002
Yu Jiang, Yuning Yang, Rui Li, Beidou Xi, Mingxiao Li, Yan Hao, Fanhua Meng, Shaobo Gao, Lei Chen
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 142-147 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.021
The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei is the core strategy of China’s political, economic, scientific, and cultural construction. The environmental protection of regional agricultural producing areas is a strategic location for the battle against pollution. The problem of excessive heavy metals Cd and Hg in the soil of agricultural producing areas is prominent in Beijing and Tianjin, and the pollution risk cannot be ignored. The main causes of soil pollution in the agricultural producing areas in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region are heavy metal pollution by industrial development zones, sewage irrigation, inadequate sewage treatment capacity, imperfect regulations and policies, and backward technical standards. This study proposed to comprehensively deploy a “sky-ground integrated” environment monitoring system for the agricultural producing area, implement the clean production of in-dustrial and mining enterprises, and promote comprehensive strategies of soil pollution prevention and control such as comprehensive management of livestock and poultry pollution. Engineering cases for environmental pollution prevention and control of a pit-pond pollution site and an informal refuse landfill in Tianjin are enumerated to provide references for strategic decisions of soil pollution prevention and control in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei agricultural producing areas.
Xinghui Xia, Yanan Liu, Zhenrui Zhang, Nannan Xi, Jiaao Bao, Zhifeng Yang
Engineering 2023, Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 115-123 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.023
China has made great efforts to fight environmental contamination along with rapid development and industrialization over the past few decades. However, the effects of these nationwide measures, such as energy restructuring, on pollutant residuals in soil have not been well quantified. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution is a major concern around the world, and PAH emissions are associated with the energy structure. Therefore, we speculated that the adjustment of the energy structure in China may reduce the content of PAHs in soil. To test this hypothesis, we measured the concentrations of sixteen US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority PAH compounds (Σ16PAHs) at 54 soil sampling sites in Beijing in 2008 and 2019 and compiled nationwide data for 1704 soil sampling sites in the past two decades. The results showed that the Σ16PAH concentrations descended along the urban–suburban–rural–background gradient, and they first increased with increasing gross regional production (GRP) and plateaued when the GRP reached a certain level. The average Σ16PAH concentrations showed a decreasing trend across China over the past 20 years, and they decreased significantly from 22.7 μg·g−1 total organic carbon (TOC) in 2008 to 10.0 μg·g−1 TOC in 2019 in Beijing. The source identification analyses inferred that the decreasing trend of soil PAHs was due to the declines in the consumption of coal, coke, and some oils and the rising consumption of clean energy, such as electricity and natural gas, in China. This study demonstrates the important role of adjusting the energy structure in decreasing soil PAH concentrations and improving soil environmental quality.
Keywords： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Soil Black carbon Environmental pollution Energy structure Sustainable development
Ziming Han, Haodi Feng, Xiao Luan, Yunpeng Shen, Liren Ren, Liujie Deng, D.G. Joakim Larsson, Michael Gillings, Yu Zhang, Min Yang
Engineering 2022, Volume 15, Issue 8, Pages 78-88 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.011
Fermentation-based antibiotic production results in abundant nutrient-rich fermentation residue with high potential for recycling, but the high antibiotic residual concentration restricts its usefulness (e.g., in land application as organic fertilizer). In this study, an industrial-scale hydrothermal facility for the treatment of erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR) was investigated, and the potential risk of the long-term soil application of treated EFR promoting environmental antibiotic resistance development was evaluated. The treatment effectively removed bacteria and their DNA, and an erythromycin removal ratio of up to approximately 98% was achieved. The treated EFR was utilized as organic fertilizer for consecutive field applications from 2018 to 2020, with dosages ranging from 3750 to 15 000 kg∙hm－2, resulting in sub-inhibitory levels of erythromycin (ranging from 0.83–76.00 μg∙kg－1) in soils. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing was then used to characterize the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial community composition of the soils. The soil ARG abundance and diversity did not respond to the treated EFR application in the first year, but gradually changed in the second and third year of application. The highest fold change in relative abundance of macrolide-lincosamidestreptogramin (MLS) and total ARGs were 12.59 and 2.75 times, compared with the control (CK; without application), respectively. The soil MGEs and taxonomic composition showed similar temporal trends to those of the ARGs, and appeared to assist in driving increasing ARG proliferation, as revealed by correlation analysis and structural equation models (SEMs). The relative abundance of particular erm resistance genes (RNA methyltransferase genes) increased significantly in the third year of treated EFR application. The close association of erm with MGEs suggested that horizontal gene transfer played a critical role in the observed erm gene enrichment. Metagenomic binning results demonstrated that the proliferation of mac gene-carrying hosts was responsible for the increased abundance of mac genes (efflux pump genes). This study shows that sub-inhibitory levels of erythromycin in soils had a cumulative effect on soil ARGs over time and emphasizes the importance of long-term monitoring for assessing the risk of soil amendment with treated industrial waste.
Keywords： Pharmaceutical manufacturing Resistome Antibiotic Risk assessment Remediation Land application
The Model of Water and Nitrogen Coupling in Winter Wheat Yield
Zhai Bingnian,Li Shengxiu
Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 9, Pages 69-74
By using the quadratic general spinning design, pot experiments were conducted to study the comprehensive effect of the stage and rate of N fertilizer application under different status of soil moisture on winter wheat yield systematically. The results showed that the mathematical model established based on the result of experiments is significant. By analysing the mathematical model, the soil moisture, tillering and jointing stage were thought to be the remarkable factors, while the influencing sequence from large to small is： soil moisture ＞ tillering stage ＞ jointing stage ＞ milking stage ＞ seedling stage; The interaction effects exist between different factors.
Keywords： winter wheat nitrogen soil moisture water and nitrogen coupling mathematical model
A Roadmap for Sustainable Agricultural Soil Remediation Under China’s Carbon Neutrality Vision
Fangbai Li, Liping Fang, Fengchang Wu
Engineering 2023, Volume 25, Issue 6, Pages 28-31 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.010
Title Author Date Type Operation
Strategies for Soil Fertility Improvement of Arable Land in China
Yingjie Hu, Xiangbin Kong, Yuzhen Zhang
Journal Article
A Research on the Bioremediation and the Fate of Oil Pollutant in Soil
Qi Yongqiang,Wang Hongqi,Liu Jingqi
Journal Article
The Stable Movement of Salty Water Soil and Pattern Researchof Removing the Salt
Zhou Heping,Peng Lixin,Xu Xiaobo
Journal Article
After Artificial Intelligence Breaks Longstanding Matrix Multiplication Records, Humans Quickly Do Better
Dana Mackenzie
Journal Article
Mechanized Tunneling in Soft Soils: Choice of Excavation Mode and Application of Soil-Conditioning Additives in Glacial Deposits
Rolf Zumsteg, Lars Langmaack
Journal Article
Suggestions for Management and Control of Antibiotics in Farmland Soil in China
Wang Na, Guo Xinyan, Shan Zhengjun, Cai Daoji
Journal Article
Analysis of Data Sets With Different Microwave Remote Sensing Mode in Soil Moisture Retrieval
Yuan Wei,Li Zongqian,Liu Ning
Journal Article
The Influence of Priori Knowledge on Soil Moisture Inversion by Using Passive Remote Sensing
Tang Lu,Li Zongqian,Shi Changsheng,Wang Xin
Journal Article
Thermal Treatment of Hydrocarbon-Impacted Soils: A Review of Technology Innovation for Sustainable Remediation
Julia E. Vidonish, Kyriacos Zygourakis, Caroline A. Masiello, Gabriel Sabadell, Pedro J. J. Alvarez
Journal Article
Desert “Soilization”: An Eco-Mechanical Solution to Desertification
Zhijian Yi, Chaohua Zhao
Journal Article
Soil Pollution Prevention Strategies and Typical Engineering Cases of Agricultural Products Producing Areas in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Yu Jiang, Yuning Yang, Rui Li, Beidou Xi, Mingxiao Li, Yan Hao, Fanhua Meng, Shaobo Gao, Lei Chen
Journal Article
Soil PAH Concentrations Decrease in China in response to the Adjustment of the Energy Structure During the Past Two Decades
Xinghui Xia, Yanan Liu, Zhenrui Zhang, Nannan Xi, Jiaao Bao, Zhifeng Yang
Journal Article
Three-Year Consecutive Field Application of Erythromycin Fermentation Residue Following Hydrothermal Treatment: Cumulative Effect on Soil Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Ziming Han, Haodi Feng, Xiao Luan, Yunpeng Shen, Liren Ren, Liujie Deng, D.G. Joakim Larsson, Michael Gillings, Yu Zhang, Min Yang
Journal Article
The Model of Water and Nitrogen Coupling in Winter Wheat Yield
Zhai Bingnian,Li Shengxiu
Journal Article
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