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Dynamic value iteration networks for the planning of rapidly changing UAV swarms Research Articles

Wei Li, Bowei Yang, Guanghua Song, Xiaohong Jiang,li2ui2@zju.edu.cn,boweiy@zju.edu.cn,ghsong@zju.edu.cn,jiangxh@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 5,   Pages 615-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900712

Abstract: In an unmanned aerial vehicle ad-hoc network (UANET), sparse and rapidly mobile unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/nodes can dynamically change the UANET topology. This may lead to UANET service performance issues. In this study, for planning rapidly changing UAV swarms, we propose a dynamic value iteration network (DVIN) model trained using the method with the connection information of UANETs to generate a state value spread function, which enables UAVs/nodes to adapt to novel physical locations. We then evaluate the performance of the DVIN model and compare it with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and the exhaustive method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly reduces the decision-making time for UAV/node with a high average success rate.

Keywords： 动态值迭代网络；场景式Q学习；无人机自组网；NSGA-II；路径规划    

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Binary neural networks for speech recognition Regular Papers

Yan-min QIAN, Xu XIANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 5,   Pages 701-715 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800469

Abstract:

Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) significantly outperform Gaussian mixture models in acoustic modeling for speech recognition. However, the substantial increase in computational load during the inference stage makes deep models difficult to directly deploy on low-power embedded devices. To alleviate this issue, structure sparseness and low precision fixed-point quantization have been applied widely. In this work, binary neural networks for speech recognition are developed to reduce the computational cost during the inference stage. A fast implementation of binary matrix multiplication is introduced. On modern central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) architectures, a 5–7 times speedup compared with full precision floatingpoint matrix multiplication can be achieved in real applications. Several kinds of binary neural networks and related model optimization algorithms are developed for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition acoustic modeling. In addition, to improve the accuracy of binary models, knowledge distillation from the normal full precision floating-point model to the compressed binary model is explored. Experiments on the standard Switchboard speech recognition task show that the proposed binary neural networks can deliver 3–4 times speedup over the normal full precision deep models. With the knowledge distillation from the normal floating-point models, the binary DNNs or binary convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can restrict the word error rate (WER) degradation to within 15.0%, compared to the normal full precision floating-point DNNs or CNNs, respectively. Particularly for the binary CNN with binarization only on the convolutional layers, the WER degradation is very small and is almost negligible with the proposed approach.

Keywords： Speech recognition     Binary neural networks     Binary matrix multiplication     Knowledge distillation     Population count    

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The Forward Recurrent Method for Dynamic Programming

Zhang Zhao,Pei Yanling,Zhang Renbao

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 62-65

Abstract:

Backward recurrent method is usually adopted in seeking optimal solution by dynamic programming. A forward recurrent method to find optimal solution by dynamic programming is presented on the basis of an instance. The fundamental equation of dynamic programming and Millton-Jacobi's equation are also derived. It's an exploratory study on optimal solution of dynamic programming. An amount of work is reduced in calculating by using forward recurrent method, while applied range of the method is expanded.

Keywords： dynamic programming     multi-level decision     functional equation     optimal solution    

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A novel multiple-outlier-robust Kalman filter Research Articles

Yulong HUANG, Mingming BAI, Yonggang ZHANG,heuedu@163.com,mingming.bai@hrbeu.edu.cn,zhangyg@hrbeu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 422-437 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000642

Abstract: This paper presents a novel multiple-outlier-robust Kalman filter (MORKF) for linear stochastic discrete-time systems. A new is first proposed to evaluate the similarity between two random vectors from dimension to dimension. Then, the proposed MORKF is derived via maximizing a based cost function. The MORKF guarantees the convergence of iterations in mild conditions, and the boundedness of the approximation errors is analyzed theoretically. The selection strategy for the similarity function and comparisons with existing robust methods are presented. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed filter.

Keywords： Kalman filtering     Multiple statistical similarity measure     Multiple outliers     Fixed-point iteration     State estimate    

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Asurvey on complex dynamical networkswith impulsive effects Review Articles

Xiu-ping HAN, Yong-shun ZHAO, Xiao-di LI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 199-219 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900456

Abstract: We review the research on complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with impulsive effects. We provide a comprehensive and intuitive overview of the fundamental results and recent progress of CDNs with impulsive effects, where impulsive effects are considered from two aspects, i.e., impulsive control and impulsive perturbation. Five aspects of CDNs with impulsive effects are surveyed, including synchronizing impulses, desynchronizing impulses, adaptive-impulsive synchronization, pinning impulsive synchronization, and CDNs with stochastic and impulsive effects. Finally, conclusions and some future research directions are briefly addressed.

Keywords： Complex dynamical networks     Synchronizing impulses     Desynchronizing impulses     Pinning control     Time delay    

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Dynamic aspects of domination networks Personal View

Yu-xian LIU, Ronald ROUSSEAU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 4,   Pages 635-648 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800553

Abstract: A dynamic quantitative theory and measurement of power or dominance structures are proposed. Such power structures are represented as directed networks. A graph somewhat similar to the Lorenz curve for inequality measurement is introduced. The changes in the graph resulting from network dynamics are studied. Dynamics are operationalized in terms of added nodes and links. Study of dynamic aspects of networks is essential for potential applications in many fields such as business management, politics, and social interactions. As such, we provide examples of a dominance structure in a directed, acyclic network. We calculate the change in the D-measure, which is a measure expressing the degree of dominance in a network when nodes are added to an existing simple network.

Keywords： Domination     Power structure     Digraphs     Network dynamics    

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The Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Analysis Framework

Zening Fu, Yuhui Du, Vince D. Calhoun

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 190-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.10.001

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Dynamic Spectrum Control-Assisted Secure and Efficient Transmission Scheme in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Article

Chenxi Li, Lei Guan, Huaqing Wu, Nan Cheng, Zan Li, Xuemin Sherman Shen

Engineering 2022, Volume 17, Issue 10,   Pages 220-231 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.019

Abstract:

Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) are envisioned as a promising architecture to provide seamless wireless coverage and increase network capacity. However, the densified multi-tier network architecture introduces excessive intra- and cross-tier interference and makes HCNs vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks. In this article, a dynamic spectrum control (DSC)-assisted transmission scheme is proposed for HCNs to strengthen network security and increase the network capacity. Specifically, the proposed DSC-assisted transmission scheme leverages the idea of block cryptography to generate sequence families, which represent the transmission decisions, by performing iterative and orthogonal sequence transformations. Based on the sequence families, multiple users can dynamically occupy different frequency slots for data transmission simultaneously. In addition, the collision probability of the data transmission is analyzed, which results in closed-form expressions of the reliable transmission probability and the secrecy probability. Then, the upper and lower bounds of network capacity are further derived with given requirements on the reliable and secure transmission probabilities. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DSC-assisted scheme can outperform the benchmark scheme in terms of security performance. Finally, the impacts of key factors in the proposed DSC-assisted scheme on the network capacity and security are evaluated and discussed.

Keywords： Heterogeneous cellular networks     Dynamic spectrum control     Transmission security     Efficient data transmission    

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Cyberspace Endogenous Safety and Security Article

Jiangxing Wu

Engineering 2022, Volume 15, Issue 8,   Pages 179-185 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.015

Abstract:

Uncertain security threats caused by vulnerabilities and backdoors are the most serious and difficult problem in cyberspace. This paper analyzes the philosophical and technical causes of the existence of so-called “dark functions” such as system vulnerabilities and backdoors, and points out that endogenous security problems cannot be completely eliminated at the theoretical and engineering levels; rather, it is necessary to develop or utilize the endogenous security functions of the system architecture itself. In addition, this paper gives a definition for and lists the main technical characteristics of endogenous safety and security in cyberspace, introduces endogenous security mechanisms and characteristics based on dynamic heterogeneous redundancy (DHR) architecture, and describes the theoretical implications of a coding channel based on DHR.

Keywords： Cyberspace endogenous security problem     Uncertain threat     Cyberspace endogenous safety and security     Relative right axiom     Dynamic heterogeneous redundant architecture    

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A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata Research Articles

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 11,   Pages 1441-1550 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000590

Abstract: New technologies such as have been showing some remarkable characteristics that standard complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) in deep sub-micron cannot afford. Modeling systems and designing multiple-valued logic gates with QCA have advantages that facilitate the design of complicated logic circuits. In this paper, we propose a novel creative concept for . The concept has been set in , the new simulator developed by our team exclusively for QCAs’ quaternary mode. Proposed basic gates such as MIN, MAX, and different types of inverters (SQI, PQI, NQI, and IQI) have been designed and verified by . This study will exemplify how fast and accurately works by its handy set of CAD tools. A 1×4 decoder is presented using our proposed main gates. Preference points such as the minimum delay, area, and complexity have been achieved in this work. QQCA main logic gates are compared with based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET). The results show that the proposed design is more efficient in terms of latency and energy consumption.

Keywords： 量子点细胞自动机（QCA）；四值逻辑；量子点细胞自动模拟器（QCASim）；四值QCA（QQCA）；四值译码器；四值门    

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Minimax Q-learning design for H∞ control of linear discrete-time systems Research Articles

Xinxing LI, Lele XI, Wenzhong ZHA, Zhihong PENG,lixinxing_1006@163.com,xilele.bit@gmail.com,zhawenzhong@126.com,peng@bit.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 438-451 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000446

Abstract: The method is an effective approach for attenuating the effect of disturbances on practical systems, but it is difficult to obtain the ler due to the nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equation, even for linear systems. This study deals with the design of an ler for linear discrete-time systems. To solve the related game algebraic Riccati equation (GARE), a novel model-free method is developed, on the basis of an offline algorithm, which is shown to be Newton’s method for solving the GARE. The proposed method, which employs off-policy , learns the optimal control policies for the controller and the disturbance online, using only the state samples generated by the implemented behavior policies. Different from existing -learning methods, a novel gradient-based policy improvement scheme is proposed. We prove that the method converges to the saddle solution under initially admissible control policies and an appropriate positive learning rate, provided that certain persistence of excitation (PE) conditions are satisfied. In addition, the PE conditions can be easily met by choosing appropriate behavior policies containing certain excitation noises, without causing any excitation noise bias. In the simulation study, we apply the proposed method to design an load-frequency controller for an electrical power system generator that suffers from load disturbance, and the simulation results indicate that the obtained load-frequency controller has good disturbance rejection performance.

Keywords： H∞ control     Zero-sum dynamic game     Reinforcement learning     Adaptive dynamic programming     Minimax Q-learning     Policy iteration    

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RCAnalyzer: visual analytics of rare categories in dynamic networks Research

Jia-cheng PAN, Dong-ming HAN, Fang-zhou GUO, Da-wei ZHOU, Nan CAO, Jing-rui HE, Ming-liang XU, Wei CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 4,   Pages 491-506 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900310

Abstract: A dynamic network refers to a graph structure whose nodes and/or links dynamically change over time. Existing visualization and analysis techniques focus mainly on summarizing and revealing the primary evolution patterns of the network structure. Little work focuses on detecting anomalous changing patterns in the dynamic network, the rare occurrence of which could damage the development of the entire structure. In this study, we introduce the first visual analysis system RCAnalyzer designed for detecting rare changes of sub-structures in a dynamic network. The proposed system employs a rare category detection algorithm to identify anomalous changing structures and visualize them in the context to help oracles examine the analysis results and label the data. In particular, a novel visualization is introduced, which represents the snapshots of a dynamic network in a series of connected triangular matrices. Hierarchical clustering and optimal tree cut are performed on each matrix to illustrate the detected rare change of nodes and links in the context of their surrounding structures. We evaluate our technique via a case study and a user study. The evaluation results verify the effectiveness of our system.

Keywords： Rare category detection     Dynamic network     Visual analytics    

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Cyber Resilience Enabled by Endogenous Safety and Security: Vision, Techniques, and Strategies

Wu Jiangxing , Zou Hong , Xue Xiangyang , Zhang Fan , Shang Yuting

Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 6,   Pages 106-115 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.06.018

Abstract:

Cyber resiliency engineering is a technical approach embraced by countries and regions such as the United States and Europe to implement digital transformation and address network security challenges under new circumstances. It aims to keep the barriers to entry high for digital technologies based on the cyber resilience standard and to improve the digital infrastructure security capability of China from both the application service and device supply sides. This study focuses on the impact and challenges brought by the initiatives of cyber resiliency engineering in the United States and Europe on the development of new-generation network information technology in China. It starts from a concept introduction of resilience, cyber resilience, and cyber resiliency engineering. Subsequently, it elaborates on the application progress of cyber resiliency engineering in the United States and Europe in terms of policy drivers, strategic considerations, and development dilemmas. Moreover, the study goes further to propose a dynamic heterogeneous redundancy architecture based on an endogenous security and safety (ESS) theory. It describes and illustrates the intrinsic mechanism, basic concepts, and application methods of cyber resilience empowered by ESS. Furthermore, we propose that China should accelerate innovation to offset the combined effects of cyber resiliency engineering in developed countries, introduce a cyber resilience policy and law system with Chinese characteristics, establish corresponding regulatory systems to clarify the network security responsibilities, establish a quantifiable, verifiable, and credible testing and evaluation system, and  boost the holistic implementation of cyber resilience with a multi-pronged approach including financial marketization, hoping to  ystematically enhance the cyber resilience and strength of China.

Keywords： cyberspace     endogenous safety and security     cyber resilience     structure encryption     dynamic heterogeneous redundancy architecture    

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Design and implementation of a novel enterprise network defense system bymaneuveringmulti-dimensional network properties None

Yang CHEN, Hong-chao HU, Guo-zhen CHENG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 2,   Pages 238-252 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800516

Abstract:

Although the perimeter security model works well enough when all internal hosts are credible, it is becoming increasingly difficult to enforce as companies adopt mobile and cloud technologies, i.e., the rise of bring your own device (BYOD). It is observed that advanced targeted cyber-attacks usually follow a cyber kill chain; for instance, advanced targeted attacks often rely on network scanning techniques to gather information about potential targets. In response to this attack method, we propose a novel approach, i.e., an “isolating and dynamic” cyber defense, which cuts these potential chains to reduce the cumulative availability of the gathered information. First, we build a zero-trust network environment through network isolation, and then multiple network properties are maneuvered so that the host characteristics and locations needed to identify vulnerabilities cannot be located. Second, we propose a software-defined proactive cyber defense solution (SPD) for enterprise networks and design a general framework to strategically maneuver the IP address, network port, domain name, and path, while limiting the performance impact on the benign network user. Third, we implement our SPD proof-of-concept system over a software-defined network controller (OpenDaylight). Finally, we build an experimental platform to verify the system’s ability to prevent scanning, eavesdropping, and denial-of-service attacks. The results suggest that our system can significantly reduce the availability of network reconnaissance scan information, block network eavesdropping, and sharply increase the cost of cyber-attacks.

Keywords： Intranet defense     Software-defined network     Multi-dimensional maneuvering    

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Motion planning of a quadrotor robot game using a simulation-based projected policy iteration method Regular Papers

Li-dong ZHANG, Ban WANG, Zhi-xiang LIU, You-min ZHANG, Jian-liang AI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 4,   Pages 525-537 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800571

Abstract:

Making rational decisions for sequential decision problems in complex environments has been challenging researchers in various fields for decades. Such problems consist of state transition dynamics, stochastic uncertainties, long-term utilities, and other factors that assemble high barriers including the curse of dimensionality. Recently, the state-of-the-art algorithms in reinforcement learning studies have been developed, providing a strong potential to efficiently break the barriers and make it possible to deal with complex and practical decision problems with decent performance. We propose a formulation of a velocity varying one-on-one quadrotor robot game problem in the threedimensional space and an approximate dynamic programming approach using a projected policy iteration method for learning the utilities of game states and improving motion policies. In addition, a simulation-based iterative scheme is employed to overcome the curse of dimensionality. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed decision strategy can generate effective and efficient motion policies that can contend with the opponent quadrotor and gather advantaged status during the game. Flight experiments, which are conducted in the Networked Autonomous Vehicles (NAV) Lab at the Concordia University, have further validated the performance of the proposed decision strategy in the real-time environment.

Keywords： Reinforcement learning     Approximate dynamic programming     Decision making     Motion planning     Unmanned aerial vehicle    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Dynamic value iteration networks for the planning of rapidly changing UAV swarms

Wei Li, Bowei Yang, Guanghua Song, Xiaohong Jiang,li2ui2@zju.edu.cn,boweiy@zju.edu.cn,ghsong@zju.edu.cn,jiangxh@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Binary neural networks for speech recognition

Yan-min QIAN, Xu XIANG

Journal Article

The Forward Recurrent Method for Dynamic Programming

Zhang Zhao,Pei Yanling,Zhang Renbao

Journal Article

A novel multiple-outlier-robust Kalman filter

Yulong HUANG, Mingming BAI, Yonggang ZHANG,heuedu@163.com,mingming.bai@hrbeu.edu.cn,zhangyg@hrbeu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Asurvey on complex dynamical networkswith impulsive effects

Xiu-ping HAN, Yong-shun ZHAO, Xiao-di LI

Journal Article

Dynamic aspects of domination networks

Yu-xian LIU, Ronald ROUSSEAU

Journal Article

The Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Analysis Framework

Zening Fu, Yuhui Du, Vince D. Calhoun

Journal Article

Dynamic Spectrum Control-Assisted Secure and Efficient Transmission Scheme in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Chenxi Li, Lei Guan, Huaqing Wu, Nan Cheng, Zan Li, Xuemin Sherman Shen

Journal Article

Cyberspace Endogenous Safety and Security

Jiangxing Wu

Journal Article

A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Journal Article

Minimax Q-learning design for H∞ control of linear discrete-time systems

Xinxing LI, Lele XI, Wenzhong ZHA, Zhihong PENG,lixinxing_1006@163.com,xilele.bit@gmail.com,zhawenzhong@126.com,peng@bit.edu.cn

Journal Article

RCAnalyzer: visual analytics of rare categories in dynamic networks

Jia-cheng PAN, Dong-ming HAN, Fang-zhou GUO, Da-wei ZHOU, Nan CAO, Jing-rui HE, Ming-liang XU, Wei CHEN

Journal Article

Cyber Resilience Enabled by Endogenous Safety and Security: Vision, Techniques, and Strategies

Wu Jiangxing , Zou Hong , Xue Xiangyang , Zhang Fan , Shang Yuting

Journal Article

Design and implementation of a novel enterprise network defense system bymaneuveringmulti-dimensional network properties

Yang CHEN, Hong-chao HU, Guo-zhen CHENG

Journal Article

Motion planning of a quadrotor robot game using a simulation-based projected policy iteration method

Li-dong ZHANG, Ban WANG, Zhi-xiang LIU, You-min ZHANG, Jian-liang AI

Journal Article