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Coherence analysis and Laplacian energy of recursive trees with controlled initial states Research Articles

Mei-du Hong, Wei-gang Sun, Su-yu Liu, Teng-fei Xuan,wgsun@hdu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 6,   Pages 809-962 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900133

Abstract: We study the of a family of recursive trees with novel features that include the initial states controlled by a parameter. The problem in a linear system with additive noises is characterized as , which is defined by a Laplacian spectrum. Based on the structures of our recursive treelike model, we obtain the recursive relationships for Laplacian eigenvalues in two successive steps and further derive the exact solutions of first- and second-order coherences, which are calculated by the sum and square sum of the reciprocal of all nonzero Laplacian eigenvalues. For a large network size , the scalings of the first- and second-order coherences are ln and $, respectively. The smaller the number of initial nodes, the better the bears. Finally, we numerically investigate the relationship between and , showing that the first- and second-order coherences increase with the increase of at approximately exponential and linear rates, respectively.

Keywords： 一致性；网络一致性；拉普拉斯能量    

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Laplacian sparse dictionary learning for image classification based on sparse representation Article

Fang LI, Jia SHENG, San-yuan ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 11,   Pages 1795-1805 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1600039

Abstract: Sparse representation is a mathematical model for data representation that has proved to be a powerful tool for solving problems in various fields such as pattern recognition, machine learning, and computer vision. As one of the building blocks of the sparse representation method, dictionary learning plays an important role in the minimization of the reconstruction error between the original signal and its sparse representation in the space of the learned dictionary. Although using training samples directly as dictionary bases can achieve good performance, the main drawback of this method is that it may result in a very large and inefficient dictionary due to noisy training instances. To obtain a smaller and more representative dictionary, in this paper, we propose an approach called Laplacian sparse dictionary (LSD) learning. Our method is based on manifold learning and double sparsity. We incorporate the Laplacian weighted graph in the sparse representation model and impose the l1-norm sparsity on the dictionary. An LSD is a sparse overcomplete dictionary that can preserve the intrinsic structure of the data and learn a smaller dictionary for each class. The learned LSD can be easily integrated into a classification framework based on sparse representation. We compare the proposed method with other methods using three benchmark-controlled face image databases, Extended Yale B, ORL, and AR, and one uncontrolled person image dataset, i-LIDS-MA. Results show the advantages of the proposed LSD algorithm over state-of-the-art sparse representation based classification methods.

Keywords： Sparse representation     Laplacian regularizer     Dictionary learning     Double sparsity     Manifold    

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An anchor-based spectral clustering method None

Qin ZHANG, Guo-qiang ZHONG, Jun-yu DONG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 11,   Pages 1385-1396 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700262

Abstract:

Spectral clustering is one of the most popular and important clustering methods in pattern recognition, machine learning, and data mining. However, its high computational complexity limits it in applications involving truly large-scale datasets. For a clustering problem with n samples, it needs to compute the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian with O(n3) time complexity. To address this problem, we propose a novel method called anchor-based spectral clustering (ASC) by employing anchor points of data. Specifically, m (m<<n) anchor points are selected from the dataset, which can basically maintain the intrinsic (manifold) structure of the original data. Then a mapping matrix between the original data and the anchors is constructed. More importantly, it is proved that this data-anchor mapping matrix essentially preserves the clustering structure of the data. Based on this mapping matrix, it is easy to approximate the spectral embedding of the original data. The proposed method scales linearly relative to the size of the data but with low degradation of the clustering performance. The proposed method, ASC, is compared to the classical spectral clustering and two state-of-the-art accelerating methods, i.e., power iteration clustering and landmark-based spectral clustering, on 10 real-world applications under three evaluation metrics. Experimental results show that ASC is consistently faster than the classical spectral clustering with comparable clustering performance, and at least comparable with or better than the state-of-the-art methods on both effectiveness and efficiency.

Keywords： Clustering     Spectral clustering     Graph Laplacian     Anchors    

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Statistical Energy Analysis for Complicated Coupled System and Its Application in Engineering

Sheng Meiping

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 6,   Pages 77-84

Abstract:

The new SEA method developed in this dissertation is the integration of virtues from the mobility analysis, classical SEA and classical theory of power flow, which fits for vibration and noise analysis of complicated coupled systems. This research provides a theoretical base for study on vibration transfer between structures and noise radiation of complicated mechanical systems, and it also offers guidance for isolation and noise control of engineering structures. Contributions of this dissertation are as follows： First, in view of the disunion of SEA parameters in classical SEA, a union definition of SEA parameters is brought forward. Secondly, some elements that influence energy transfer between mechanical structures are separated and corresponding parameters are introduced to investigate those influences separately. (1)Linking style coefficient is introduced to denote the rule of vibration energy transfer when structures are linked at one point, some points or a line. (2) Non-conservative coupling coefficient is introduced to describe the influence of isolation or damping when structures are isolated or damped. (3) Indirect coupling coefficient is introduced to research the property of vibration energy transfer when two structures are indirectly linked by other structure. Thirdly, on the basis of above, gradation analysis is put forward to simplify the vibration analysis of complicated coupled system. Then, by using theoretical achievements above, the property of vibration and noise radiation of underwater vehicle is analyzed by the developed SEA for the first time. Levels of vibration and sound power induced by two different underwater vehicles are predicted. The analysis results agree well with experiment results. Finally, based on the analysis, the direction of noise control of underwater vehicle is pointed out.

Keywords： power flow     statistical energy analysis(SEA)     mobility     coupling    

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On Advanced Control Methods toward Power Capture and Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines

Yuan Yuan,Jiong Tang

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 494-503 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.023

Abstract:

This article provides a survey of recently emerged methods for wind turbine control. Multivariate control approaches to the optimization of power capture and the reduction of loads in components under time-varying turbulent wind fields have been under extensive investigation in recent years. We divide the related research activities into three categories: modeling and dynamics of wind turbines, active control of wind turbines, and passive control of wind turbines. Regarding turbine dynamics, we discuss the physical fundamentals and present the aeroelastic analysis tools. Regarding active control, we review pitch control, torque control, and yaw control strategies encompassing mathematical formulations as well as their applications toward different objectives. Our survey mostly focuses on blade pitch control, which is considered one of the key elements in facilitating load reduction while maintaining power capture performance. Regarding passive control, we review techniques such as tuned mass dampers, smart rotors, and microtabs. Possible future directions are suggested.

Keywords： Wind turbine     Control approach     Power optimization     Load mitigation    

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A Breakthrough in Solving the Problem of Train Derailment —The Approach of Random Energy Analysis

Zeng Qingyuan,Xiang Jun,Lou Ping

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 12,   Pages 9-20

Abstract:

The present studies at home and abroad of train derailment are summarized. The following main problems in derailment research are analyzed: train derailment can not be prevented by the normal standards mapped out by each country; the main problems are not grasped; three fundamental problems — the sole solution to the vibration equation group of train-track (or train-bridge) time-varying system is not guaranteed; the excitation source of lateral vibration of the system is not clear; the problem of random analysis of this system is not solved — still exist in calculation theory of train derailment. The approach of random energy analysis, the breakthrough in solving the problem of train derailment, is presented. Preventive measures of train derailment and the calculation method of safety coefficient against derailment are introduced. Finally, four actual instances of train derailment are calculated and the results are in conformity with the actual accidents of derailment and with car vibrations tested by derailment experiments.

Keywords： train derailment     approach of random energy analysis     energy increment criterion     preventive measures of derailment     safety coefficient against derailment    

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A comprehensive review of optical wireless power transfer technology Review

Syed Agha Hassnain MOHSAN, Haoze QIAN, Hussain AMJAD,Hassnainagha@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 6,   Pages 767-800 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100443

Abstract: Ground-breaking (OWPT) techniques have gained significant attention from both academia and industry in recent decades. Powering remote systems through s (LDs) to either operate devices or recharge batteries offers several benefits. Remote LDs can remove the burden of carrying extra batteries and can reduce mission time by removing battery swap-time and charging. Apart from its appealing benefits, laser power transfer (LPT) is still a challenging task due to its low transfer efficiency. In this paper, we discuss the necessity and feasibility of OWPT and discuss several projects, working principle, system design, and components. In addition, we show that OWPT is an essential element to supply power to Internet-of-Things (IoT) terminals. We also highlight the impacts of dynamic OWPT. We outline several OWPT techniques including optical beamforming, (DLC), adaptive-DLC (ADLC), simultaneous lightwave information and power transfer (SLIPT), Thing-to-Thing (T2T) OWPT, and high intensity laser power beaming (HILPB). We also deal with laser selection, hazard analysis, and received photovoltaic (PV) cell selection for OWPT systems. Finally, we discuss a range of open challenges and counter measures. We believe that this review will be helpful in integrating research and eliminating technical uncertainties, thereby promoting progress and innovation in the development of OWPT technologies.

Keywords： Wireless power transmission     Optical wireless power transfer     Distributed laser charging     Laser diode     Solar cell    

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Experience and Inspiration from Construction of United States National Parks and Gateway Communities

Liu Huiliang

Strategic Study of CAE 2016, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 100-108 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.05.014

Abstract:

This year is the one-hundredth-year anniversary of the United States National Park Service (US NPS). Over the last one hundred years, the national park system of the United States had become an important national asset that had played a significant role in stimulating economic development and growth as well as enhancing quality of life, especially for the gateway communities. This paper provides a brief overview of the US NPS, including its history, mission, and key planning process and approaches. This paper focuses the discussion on the interdependent relationship between the gateway communities and the national park system, as well as the issues and challenges associated with the recent significant growth of tourists in the parks and of visitors and residents in the gateway communities for both those communities and the parks. This paper uses Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) and the town of Estes Park, RNMP's main gateway community, as a case to study and discuss specific issues and successful experiences, and provides a list of lessons learned that can be considered by the research project of the Qinba Mountain Area green & circular development.

Keywords： US National Park Service     gateway communities     Rocky Mountain National Park     the town of Estes Park    

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Phase synchronization and energy balance between neurons Research Article

Ying XIE, Zhao YAO, Jun MA

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 9,   Pages 1407-1420 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100563

Abstract: A functional neuron has been developed from a simple by incorporating a phototube and a thermistor in different branch circuits. The physical field energy is controlled by the photocurrent across the phototube and the channel current across the thermistor. The firing mode of this neuron is controlled synchronously by external temperature and illumination. There is energy diversity when two functional neurons are exposed to different illumination and temperature conditions. As a result, synapse connections can be created and activated in an adaptive way when field energy is exchanged between neurons. We propose two kinds of criteria to discuss the enhancement of synapse connections to neurons. The energy diversity between neurons determines the increase of the coupling intensity and synaptic current for neurons, and the realization of synchronization is helpful in maintaining energy balance between neurons. The first criterion is similar to the saturation gain scheme in that the coupling intensity is increased with a constant step within a certain period until it reaches energy balance or complete synchronization. The second criterion is that the coupling intensity increases exponentially before reaching energy balance. When two neurons become non-identical, phase synchronization can be controlled during the activation of synapse connections to neurons. For two identical neurons, the second criterion for taming synaptic intensity is effective for reaching complete synchronization and energy balance, even in the presence of noise. This indicates that a synapse connection may prefer to enhance its coupling intensity exponentially. These results are helpful in discovering why synapses are awaken and synaptic current becomes time-varying when any neurons are excited by external stimuli. The potential biophysical mechanism is that energy balance is broken and then synapse connections are activated to maintain an adaptive energy balance between the neurons. These results provide guidance for designing and training intelligent neural networks by taming the coupling channels with gradient energy distribution.

Keywords： Hamilton energy     Coupling synchronization     Synapse enhancement     Neural circuit    

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Secrecy outage performance for wireless-powered relaying systems with nonlinear energy harvesters Article

继亮 张,高峰 潘,宜原 解

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 2,   Pages 246-252 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601352

Abstract: 本文假设每个中继都拥有一个非线性的能量收集器，且该能量收集器存在一个饱和阈值以限制收集能量的大小。在考虑解码转发和功率分配接收器的场景中，本文选择第K个最优中继来协助信源−中继−信宿链路的传输。

Keywords： 解码转发     能量收集     非线性     保密中断概率    

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Scavenging Microwave Wireless Power: A Unified Model, Rectenna Design Automation, and Cutting-Edge Techniques Review

Si-Ping Gao, Jun-Hui Ou, Xiuyin Zhang, Yongxin Guo

Engineering 2023, Volume 30, Issue 11,   Pages 32-48 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.019

Abstract:

While sufficient review articles exist on inductive short-range wireless power transfer (WPT), long-haul microwave WPT (MWPT) for solar power satellites, and ambient microwave wireless energy harvesting (MWEH) in urban areas, few studies focus on the fundamental modeling and related design automation of receiver systems. This article reviews the development of MWPT and MWEH receivers, with a focus on rectenna design automation. A novel rectifier model capable of accurately modeling the rectification process under both high and low input power is presented. The model reveals the theoretical boundary of radio frequency-to-direct current (dc) power conversion efficiency and, most importantly, enables an automated system design. The automated rectenna design flow is sequential, with the minimal engagement of iterative optimization. It covers the design automation of every module (i.e., rectifiers, matching circuits,   antennae, and dc–dc converters). Scaling-up of the technique to large rectenna arrays is also possible, where the challenges in array partitioning and power combining are briefly discussed. In addition, several cutting-edge rectenna techniques for MWPT and MWEH are reviewed, including the dynamic range extension technique, the harmonics-based retro-directive technique, and the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technique, which can be good complements to the presented automated design methodology.

Keywords： Microwave wireless power transfer     Microwave wireless energy harvesting     Unified Rectifier model     Automated rectenna design     Emerging rectenna techniques    

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Data recovery with sub-Nyquist sampling: fundamental limit and a detection algorithm

Xiqian Luo, Zhaoyang Zhang,ning_ming@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 2,   Pages 141-286 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900320

Abstract: While the Nyquist rate serves as a lower bound to sample a general bandlimited signal with no information loss, the sub-Nyquist rate may also be sufficient for sampling and recovering signals under certain circumstances. Previous works on achieved dimensionality reduction mainly by transforming the signal in certain ways. However, the underlying structure of the sub-Nyquist sampled signal has not yet been fully exploited. In this paper, we study the fundamental limit and the method for recovering data from the sub-Nyquist sample sequence of a linearly modulated baseband signal. In this context, the signal is not eligible for dimension reduction, which makes the information loss in inevitable and turns the recovery into an . The performance limits and data recovery algorithms of two different schemes are studied. First, the minimum normalized Euclidean distances for the two sampling schemes are calculated which indicate the performance upper bounds of each sampling scheme. Then, with the constraint of a finite alphabet set of the transmitted symbols, a modified is presented for efficient data recovery from the sub-Nyquist samples. The simulated bit error rates (BERs) with different schemes are compared with both their theoretical limits and their Nyquist sampling counterparts, which validates the excellent performance of the proposed data recovery algorithm.

Keywords： Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem     Sub-Nyquist sampling     Minimum Euclidean distance     Under-determined linear problem     Time-variant Viterbi algorithm    

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Quality-related locally weighted soft sensing for non-stationary processes by a supervised Bayesian network with latent variables Research Articles

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 9,   Pages 1234-1246 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000426

Abstract:

It is necessary to construct an adaptive model to cope with process non-stationaries. In this study, a novel quality-related locally weighted soft sensing method is designed for non-stationary processes based on a Bayesian network with . Specifically, a is proposed where quality-oriented are extracted and further applied to a double-layer similarity measurement algorithm. The proposed soft sensing method tries to find a general approach for non-stationary processes via quality-related information where the concepts of local similarities and window confidence are explained in detail. The performance of the developed method is demonstrated by application to a numerical example and a debutanizer column. It is shown that the proposed method outperforms competitive methods in terms of the accuracy of predicting key quality variables.

Keywords： 软测量；有监督贝叶斯网络；隐变量；局部加权建模；质量预测    

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Exploration for the Synthesis Route of Superior High Energy Density Materials (SHEDM)

Yu Yongzhong

Strategic Study of CAE 1999, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 91-94

Abstract:

The development of high explosives could be reviewed as TNT, RDX, and HMX as three historical stages, and now we are coming in the fourth stage which marked by the appearance of CL-20. However, the increment of energy denicty of the CL-20 is only about 10% greater than that of HMX.

For the needs of the improvement of the weapon systems in the next century, it is necessary to search and develop the superior high energy density materials, and it would be some quite new classes of substance.

Performance of nitrogen cluster, such as octaazacubane N8, was calculated by quantum chemists and demonstrated its remarkable prospects, which is represented as an example of the imaginary SHEDM. And it was emphasized that new allotropic forms of nitrogen Nn would be the most promissing substance as SHEDM. Recently N5+ was found in the MS, and it is already prepared as a salt by Christe.

Nitrogen polymer Nn, in which n is a large number and N atoms are connected by covalent bonds in a three dimentioal net structure just as a polymer, is should be paid the greatest attention and would become the most powerful SHEMD in the next century.

Keywords： HEDM     nitrogen cluster     nitrogen polymer    

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Self-Powered Active Vibration Control: Concept, Modeling, and Testing Article

Jin-Yang Li, Songye Zhu

Engineering 2022, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 126-137 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.022

Abstract:

Despite their superior control performance, active vibration control techniques cannot be widely used in some engineering fields because of their substantial power demand in controlling large-scale structures. As an innovative solution to this problem, an unprecedented self-powered active vibration control system was established in this study. The topological design, working mechanism, and power flow of the proposed system are presented herein. The self-powering ability of the system was confirmed based on a detailed power flow analysis of vibration control processes. A self-powered actively controlled actuator was designed and applied to a scaled active vibration isolation table. The feasibility and effectiveness of the innovative system were successfully validated through a series of analytical, numerical, and experimental investigations. The setup and control strategy of the proposed system can be readily extended to diversified active vibration control applications in various engineering fields.

Keywords： Self-powered active vibration control     Energy harvesting     Skyhook control     Power equilibrium     Smart control    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Coherence analysis and Laplacian energy of recursive trees with controlled initial states

Mei-du Hong, Wei-gang Sun, Su-yu Liu, Teng-fei Xuan,wgsun@hdu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Laplacian sparse dictionary learning for image classification based on sparse representation

Fang LI, Jia SHENG, San-yuan ZHANG

Journal Article

An anchor-based spectral clustering method

Qin ZHANG, Guo-qiang ZHONG, Jun-yu DONG

Journal Article

Statistical Energy Analysis for Complicated Coupled System and Its Application in Engineering

Sheng Meiping

Journal Article

On Advanced Control Methods toward Power Capture and Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines

Yuan Yuan,Jiong Tang

Journal Article

A Breakthrough in Solving the Problem of Train Derailment —The Approach of Random Energy Analysis

Zeng Qingyuan,Xiang Jun,Lou Ping

Journal Article

A comprehensive review of optical wireless power transfer technology

Syed Agha Hassnain MOHSAN, Haoze QIAN, Hussain AMJAD,Hassnainagha@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Experience and Inspiration from Construction of United States National Parks and Gateway Communities

Liu Huiliang

Journal Article

Phase synchronization and energy balance between neurons

Ying XIE, Zhao YAO, Jun MA

Journal Article

Secrecy outage performance for wireless-powered relaying systems with nonlinear energy harvesters

继亮 张,高峰 潘,宜原 解

Journal Article

Scavenging Microwave Wireless Power: A Unified Model, Rectenna Design Automation, and Cutting-Edge Techniques

Si-Ping Gao, Jun-Hui Ou, Xiuyin Zhang, Yongxin Guo

Journal Article

Data recovery with sub-Nyquist sampling: fundamental limit and a detection algorithm

Xiqian Luo, Zhaoyang Zhang,ning_ming@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Quality-related locally weighted soft sensing for non-stationary processes by a supervised Bayesian network with latent variables

Journal Article

Exploration for the Synthesis Route of Superior High Energy Density Materials (SHEDM)

Yu Yongzhong

Journal Article

Self-Powered Active Vibration Control: Concept, Modeling, and Testing

Jin-Yang Li, Songye Zhu

Journal Article