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Development of Marine Equipment for Underwater Stereoscopic Observation

Ma Rui, Zhao Xiutao, Liu Cungen

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 19-25 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.003

Abstract:

Establishing an underwater stereoscopic observation network to obtain scientific, real-time, and comprehensive data is an important direction for understanding and exploiting the ocean in the future. This study first analyzes the need and necessity of developing the underwater stereoscopic observation equipment, then introduces the development status of the equipment in China and abroad, further analyzes the problems faced by China’s field development, and presents the key breakthrough points of marine sensors which serve as the key link for underwater observation. China has made great progress in technologies regarding marine observation platforms, but it still lags behind the world advanced level in key marine sensors and high-precision sensors. The big data obtained from ocean observation does not match the actual demand, and the ocean sensors lack the support from an improved platform. To guide the long-term development of related fields, we suggest that China should support the efficient transformation of research results of key marine sensors, coordinate the management of the marine equipment for underwater stereoscopic observation, and establish a national public test platform for offshore instruments and equipment.

Keywords： ocean observation     sea floor observatory network     underwater vehicle     underwater sensor    

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A stepless-power-reconfigurable converter for a constant current underwater observatory Research Article

Yujia Zang, Yanhu Chen, Canjun Yang, Haoyu Zhang, Zhiyong Duan, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 12,   Pages 1551-1684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100259

Abstract: The conversion from constant current (CC) to constant voltage (CV) is one of the key technologies of CC systems. A with high stability and high reliability is usually used. Applications, however, are limited by high heat dissipation and low efficiency. In this paper, with an improved shunt regulation method, a novel concept of stepless power reconfiguration (SPR) for the CC/CV module is proposed. In cases with stable or slowly changing load, two modes of CC/CV conversion are proposed to reduce unnecessary power loss of the while being able to retain any operator-preset power margin in the system: (1) the manual SPR (MSPR) method based on single-loop control method; (2) the automatic SPR (ASPR) method based on inner-outer loop control method. The efficiency of the system is analyzed. How to select some key parameters of the system is discussed. Experimental results show that MSPR and ASPR are both effective and practical methods to reduce heat dissipation and improve the efficiency of the CC/CV module, while the high stability of the remains.

Keywords： 恒流/恒压转换；并联稳压器；无级功率重构；水下观测网    

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Power system design for constant current subsea observatories Regular Article

Yan-hu Chen, Sa Xiao, De-jun Li,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn,sxiao@zju.edu.cn,li_dejun@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 11,   Pages 1505-1515 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800362

Abstract: Constant current power transmission is considered a good choice for subsea observatories due to its high resistance to shunt faults. A constant current subsea is planned to be constructed in the East China Sea. We discuss a constant current subsea system used for scientific experiments. The power system and its system are carefully designed. The power conversion method is challenging due to the use of constant current power, which is considerably different from traditional power systems. Thus, we adopt power compensation circuits in the conversion system to obtain a constant 48-V output for science users. A power management system that performs overvoltage protection and real-time monitoring and control of junction box is discussed. An innovative structure of a junction box is designed in consideration of a sealed working environment to extend the useful life of the junction box. Simulations and experiments reveal that the system has high efficiency and stability, especially in long-term applications.

Keywords： 海底观测网；电能变换；散热    

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Research Progress of Marine Scientific Equipment and Development Recommendations in China

Song Xiancang, Du Junfeng, Wang Shuqing, Li Huajun

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 76-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.010

Abstract:

Marine scientific equipment is an essential tool for better understanding oceans, and it is also the foundation for exploiting and protecting oceans. This study analyzes the urgent requirements for developing highly efficient marine scientific equipment in China from four aspects, including understanding oceans, exploring oceans, protecting oceans, and maintaining ocean rights and interests. In addition, it provides reviews on the state-of-the-art techniques associated with the marine scientific observation platforms, namely air–sea interface observation platform, mobile underwater observation platform, and seafloor observation network system, in the countries that are believed to lead the field, and the development trends associated therewith are then identified. The remarkable achievements obtained in marine scientific equipment in China are presented such as the marine remote-sensing satellites, marine research ships, deep-diving submersibles, and seafloor observation networks. By comparing to the international advanced level, the issues China encountered in the general technologies, core equipment, and integrated system of marine scientific equipment are given. Several key development suggestions associated with the marine scientific equipment development in China are provided in terms of basic theories and key technologies, novel equipment development and achievement conversion, sharing mechanism and service platform, as well as international cooperation and standard system establishment, enabling the marine scientific equipment to better serve the implementation of the national marine power strategy.

Keywords： marine scientific equipment     deep-sea observation platform     air–sea interface observation     mobile underwater observation     seafloor observation network     equipment development    

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Use of a coded voltage signal for cable switching and fault isolation in cabled seafloor observatories None

Zhi-feng ZHANG, Yan-hu CHEN, De-jun LI, Bo JIN, Can-jun YANG, Jun WANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 11,   Pages 1328-1339 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601843

Abstract:

Cabled seafloor observatories play an important role in ocean exploration for its long-term, real-time, and in-situ observation characteristics. In establishing a permanent, reliable, and robust seafloor observatory, a highly reliable cable switching and fault isolation method is essential. After reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of existing switching methods, we propose a novel active switching method for network configuration. Without additional communication path requirements, the switching method provides a way to communicate with a shore station through an existing power transmission path. A coded voltage signal with a distinct sequence is employed as the communication medium to transmit commands. The analysis of the maximum bit frequency of the voltage signals guarantees the accuracy of command recognition. A prototype based on the switching method is built and tested in a laboratory environment, which validated the functionality and reliability of the method.

Keywords： Cabled seafloor observatories     Cable switching and fault isolation     Coded voltage signal     Maximum bit frequency    

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Thoughts on the Designs, Applications, Trends, and Challenges of Underwater Observation Information Systems

Shi Suixiang,Li Zhanbin,Hua Yanning,Cheng Yiyuan and Liu Feng

Strategic Study of CAE 2016, Volume 18, Issue 2,   Pages 61-65 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.007a

Abstract:

Promoting the creation of functional underwater observation information systems is an urgent priority for China’s national maritime defense, its ability to preserve its maritime rights, and marine disaster prevention and management. It is also an requirement of civil-military integration development to fulfill the overlapping missions of the Chinese military and civil government agencies. This paper reviews the current state of affairs and the ongoing trends in the field of underwater observation information systems in China and abroad. This study analyzes the problems faced by researchers and users in the development of underwater observation information system. The paper concludes by proposing a strategic goal, identifying the key projects and making policy recommendations for underwater observation information systems for stakeholders to consider.

Keywords： underwater observation     information system     key projects     policy recommendations    

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Optimal communication frequency for switching cabled ocean networks with commands carried over the power line Research Article

Yan-hu Chen, Yu-jia Zang, Jia-jie Yao, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 10,   Pages 1331-1343 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900125

Abstract: s with tree or ring topologies play an important role in real-time ocean exploration. Due to the time-consuming need for field maintenance, technology that can actively switch the power on/off on certain branches of the network becomes essential for enhancing the reliability and availability of the network. In this paper, a novel switching-control method is proposed, in which we invert the power transmission polarity and use the current on the power line as the digital signal at low frequency to broadcast information with the address and commands to the network, and the corresponding (BU) can decode and execute the switching commands. The cable’s parasitic parameters, the network scale, and the number of BUs, as the influencing factors of the on the power line, are theoretically studied and simulated. An optimized frequency that balances the executing accuracy and rate is calculated and proved on a simulated prototype. The results showed that the technology with optimized frequency can enhance the switching accuracy and configuring rate.

Keywords： 海缆开断；海洋观测网；分支单元；传输线理论；通信频率    

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The Current State and Future of Deep Water Subsea Production Technology

Li Qingping,Zhu Haishan and Li Xinzhong

Strategic Study of CAE 2016, Volume 18, Issue 2,   Pages 76-84 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.009

Abstract:

The subsea production system was developed from a submerged wellhead to half dry-type subsea wellhead to a whole wet-type subsea wellhead. Up to now, the subsea production system has established including the subsea wellhead, subsea pipe network, subsea manifold, subsea remote control system, and others. Until 2014, there were 6,400 subsea completed wells, about 320 subsea oil and gas fields in the world’s oceans. Now, the subsea production system is becoming the leading areas of the deep water. Since Liuhua 11-1 oil field was developed using the subsea production system in the South China Sea in 1996, so far, 10 units subsea production systems have been used to develop the offshore oil and gas filed. This paper reviews the application and achievement of the subsea production technology, on this base, the main research areas and strategic directions are presented.

Keywords： subsea wellhead     subsea production system     localization    

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Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information Article

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 615-626 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601029

Abstract: Controller area network (CAN) based fieldbus technologies have been widely used in networked manufacturing systems. As the information channel of the system, the reliability of the network is crucial to the system throughput, product quality, and work crew safety. However, due to the inaccessibility of the nodes’ internal states, direct assessment of the reliability of CAN nodes using the nodes’ internal error counters is infeasible. In this paper, a novel CAN node reliability assessment method, which uses node’s time to bus-off as the reliability measure, is proposed. The method estimates the transmit error counter (TEC) of any node in the network based on the network error log and the information provided by the observable nodes whose error counters are accessible. First, a node TEC estimation model is established based on segmented Markov chains. It considers the sparseness of the distribution of the CAN network errors. Second, by learning the differences between the model estimates and the actual values from the observable node, a Bayesian network is developed for the estimation updating mechanism of the observable nodes. Then, this estimation updating mechanism is transferred to general CAN nodes with no TEC value accessibility to update the TEC estimation. Finally, a node reliability assessment method is developed to predict the time to reach bus-off state of the nodes. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Experimental results show that the estimates using the proposed model agree well with actual observations.

Keywords： Controller area network (CAN)     Transmit error counter (TEC)     TEC value estimation     Bayesian network     Bus-off hitting time    

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Design and construction technology of underwater tunnel

Wang Mengshu

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 7,   Pages 4-10

Abstract:

It is briefly introduced that when passing over or crossing rivers, lakes and seas, underwater tunnel construction method is preferred to be adopted for its summed advantages. The survey of design and construction, key construction technology and frequently-used construction method of underwater tunnel are also discussed in this article.

Keywords： underwater tunnel     design     construction    

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From Remotely Operated Vehicles to Autonomous Undersea Vehicles

Feng Xisheng

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 12,   Pages 29-33

Abstract:

A clear definition and a very fine classification of the unmanned undersea vehicles are given in this paper. Following a brief introduction of the advances on the unmanned undersea vehicles the paper points out that the autonomous underwater vehicles at present is a hot spot in the research realm of the unmanned undersea vehicles. This paper describes the research and development achievements pertinent to the unmanned undersea vehicles in Shenyang Institute of Automation (SIA), Chinese Academy of Sciences with the cooperation of organizations home and abroad in the last two decades. SIA started to be engaged in the research and development of the remotely operated tethered vehicles in the end of 1970's. This paper gives a wide introduction of the critical characteristics and technical descriptions of the first remotely operated tethered vehicle “HR- 01” in China, the first autonomous underwater vehicle “Explorer” and the autonomous underwater vehicle CR-01 (6 000 m).

Keywords： undersea vehicles     ROV     AUV     ocean engineer     ocean resources exploration    

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The Chinese polar atmospheric sciences observation engineering system

Lu LongHua,Bian Lingen

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 9,   Pages 72-84

Abstract:

The polar regions are located in the north and south ends on the earth, which are the key areas of global change research. To understand global change, especially the global climate change, it is needed to research on polar atmosphere. Chinese Arctic and Antarctic of scientific investigation started in 80s and 90s of last century. As a national action, by the end of 2011, 28 times Antarctic expeditions and 8 times Antarctic inland expeditions, and 4 time Arctic expeditions were organized. 3 Antarctic bases (Great Wall, Zhongshan and Kunlun) and 1 Arctic base (Yellow River) and 6 automatic weather stations were established. Formed by the manual weather station, automatic weather station and weather observation on the “Xuelong” icebreaker vessel as the main platform of the polar expedition of hardware support system. Chinese polar atmospheric science observation system is gradually formed including the meteorological operational observation and short term investigation study. Chinese polar meteorological expedition and research work has made great progress by the efforts near 30 years.

Keywords： Antarctic     Arctic     atmospheric sciences     observation engineering    

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Service Security of Underwater Tunnel Lining Structures and Corresponding Guarantee Countermeasures

He Chuan,Liu Sijin,Zhang Yuchun and Feng Kun

Strategic Study of CAE 2017, Volume 19, Issue 6,   Pages 44-51 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.007

Abstract:

This paper analyzes four aspects of the safety problems in tunnel lining structures: design and construction, environmental erosion, sudden natural disasters, and sudden accidents. A survey of underwater tunneling such as the Huangpu River’s cross-river tunnel and the underground traffic tunnel in Shanghai was carried out, and the status quo of China’s underwater tunnel lining structure was analyzed. Based on these analyses, countermeasures guaranteeing the long-life security of underwater tunnel structures are being sought regarding tunnel construction, structural performance degradation, sudden natural disasters, and sudden accidents. These countermeasures are being sought to effectively protect and ensure the service performance of the tunnel structures during their entire life cycle. These security measures can ensure the safe performance of the structure during its entire life cycle, even under long service times. This research can serve as a reference for enhancing the structural security of underwater tunnels and other major tunnel structures.

Keywords： underwater tunnels     service security     security guarantee countermeasures     long life     structural defects    

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Adaptive compression method for underwater images based on perceived quality estimation Regular Papers

Ya-qiong CAI, Hai-xia ZOU, Fei YUAN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 5,   Pages 716-730 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700737

Abstract:

Underwater image compression is an important and essential part of an underwater image transmission system. An assessment and prediction method of effectively compressed image quality can assist the system in adjusting its compression ratio during the image compression process, thereby improving the efficiency of the image transmission system. This study first estimates the perceived quality of underwater image compression based on embedded coding compression and compressive sensing, then builds a model based on the mapping between image activity measurement (IAM) and bits per pixel and structural similarity (BPP-SSIM) curves, next obtains model parameters by linear fitting, and finally predicts the perceived quality of the image compression method based on IAM, compression ratio, and compression strategy. Experimental results show that the model can effectively fit the quality curve of underwater image compression. According to the rules of parameters in this model, the perceived quality of underwater compressed images can be estimated within a small error range. The presented method can effectively estimate the perceived quality of underwater compressed images, balance the relationship between the compression ratio and compression quality, reduce the pressure on the data cache, and thus improve the efficiency of the underwater image communication system.

Keywords： Underwater image compression     Set partitioning in hierarchical trees     Compressive sensing     Compression quality estimation    

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A new approach for analyzing the effect of non-ideal power supply on a constant current underwater cabled system Personal View

Yu-jia ZANG, Yan-hu CHEN, Can-jun YANG, De-jun LI, Ze-jian CHEN, Gul MUHAMMAD

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 4,   Pages 604-614 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800737

Abstract: The effect of a constant current (CC) power supply on the CC ocean observation system is a problem that once was neglected. The dynamic characteristics of the CC power supply may have great influence on the whole system, especially the voltage behavior in the event of load change. This needs to be examined. In this paper, a method is introduced to check whether the CC power supply can satisfy the dynamic requirements of the CC ocean observation system. An equivalent model to describe the non-ideal CC power supply is presented, through which the dynamic characteristics can be standardized. To verify the feasibility of this model, a minimum system of a single node in the CC ocean observation system is constructed, from which the model is derived. Focusing on the power failure problem, the output voltage responses are performed and the models are validated. Through the model, the dynamic behavior of the CC power supply is checked in a practical design.

Keywords： Non-ideal power supply     Constant current input     Ocean observation system    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Development of Marine Equipment for Underwater Stereoscopic Observation

Ma Rui, Zhao Xiutao, Liu Cungen

Journal Article

A stepless-power-reconfigurable converter for a constant current underwater observatory

Yujia Zang, Yanhu Chen, Canjun Yang, Haoyu Zhang, Zhiyong Duan, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Power system design for constant current subsea observatories

Yan-hu Chen, Sa Xiao, De-jun Li,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn,sxiao@zju.edu.cn,li_dejun@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Research Progress of Marine Scientific Equipment and Development Recommendations in China

Song Xiancang, Du Junfeng, Wang Shuqing, Li Huajun

Journal Article

Use of a coded voltage signal for cable switching and fault isolation in cabled seafloor observatories

Zhi-feng ZHANG, Yan-hu CHEN, De-jun LI, Bo JIN, Can-jun YANG, Jun WANG

Journal Article

Thoughts on the Designs, Applications, Trends, and Challenges of Underwater Observation Information Systems

Shi Suixiang,Li Zhanbin,Hua Yanning,Cheng Yiyuan and Liu Feng

Journal Article

Optimal communication frequency for switching cabled ocean networks with commands carried over the power line

Yan-hu Chen, Yu-jia Zang, Jia-jie Yao, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

The Current State and Future of Deep Water Subsea Production Technology

Li Qingping,Zhu Haishan and Li Xinzhong

Journal Article

Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Journal Article

Design and construction technology of underwater tunnel

Wang Mengshu

Journal Article

From Remotely Operated Vehicles to Autonomous Undersea Vehicles

Feng Xisheng

Journal Article

The Chinese polar atmospheric sciences observation engineering system

Lu LongHua,Bian Lingen

Journal Article

Service Security of Underwater Tunnel Lining Structures and Corresponding Guarantee Countermeasures

He Chuan,Liu Sijin,Zhang Yuchun and Feng Kun

Journal Article

Adaptive compression method for underwater images based on perceived quality estimation

Ya-qiong CAI, Hai-xia ZOU, Fei YUAN

Journal Article

A new approach for analyzing the effect of non-ideal power supply on a constant current underwater cabled system

Yu-jia ZANG, Yan-hu CHEN, Can-jun YANG, De-jun LI, Ze-jian CHEN, Gul MUHAMMAD

Journal Article