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Latent discriminative representation learning for speaker recognition Research Articles

Duolin Huang, Qirong Mao, Zhongchen Ma, Zhishen Zheng, Sidheswar Routryar, Elias-Nii-Noi Ocquaye,2211708034@stmail.ujs.edu.cn,mao_qr@ujs.edu.cn,zhongchen_ma@ujs.edu.cn,1209103822@qq.com,sidheswar69@gmail.com,eocquaye@ujs.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 5,   Pages 615-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900690

Abstract: Extracting discriminative speaker-specific representations from speech signals and transforming them into fixed length vectors are key steps in speaker identification and verification systems. In this study, we propose a method for . We mean that the learned representations in this study are not only discriminative but also relevant. Specifically, we introduce an additional speaker embedded lookup table to explore the relevance between different utterances from the same speaker. Moreover, a reconstruction constraint intended to learn a is introduced to make representation discriminative. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods based on the Apollo dataset used in the Fearless Steps Challenge in INTERSPEECH2019 and the TIMIT dataset.

Keywords： 说话人识别；潜在可区分性表征学习；说话人嵌入查找表；线性映射矩阵    

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A new score normalizaion algorithm based on EMD-Tnorm for speaker verification

Li Yanping,Ding Hui,Tang Zhenmin

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 2,   Pages 95-100

Abstract:

In this paper, the verification system from two aspects was improved. On one hand, we extended MixMax model that the EMD (earth mover's distance) can be applied, which can remove the disturbance of noise; on the other hand, we improved the Tnorm score normalization method based on the EMD. Experimental results show that this method can compensate the speaker-dependent and test-dependent variability, also show a stable performance improvement by decreasing the FA and FR.

Keywords： speaker verification     robustness     earth mover’s distance     MixMax model    

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Histogram equalization using a reduced feature set of background speakers’ utterances for speaker recognition Article

Myung-jae KIM, Il-ho YANG, Min-seok KIM, Ha-jin YU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 738-750 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500380

Abstract: We propose a method for histogram equalization using supplement sets to improve the performance of speaker recognition when the training and test utterances are very short. The supplement sets are derived using outputs of selection or clustering algorithms from the background speakers’ utterances. The proposed approach is used as a feature normalization method for building histograms when there are insufficient input utterance samples. In addition, the proposed method is used as an i-vector normalization method in an i-vector-based probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) system, which is the current state-of-the-art for speaker verification. The ranks of sample values for histogram equalization are estimated in ascending order from both the input utterances and the supplement set. New ranks are obtained by computing the sum of different kinds of ranks. Subsequently, the proposed method determines the cumulative distribution function of the test utterance using the newly defined ranks. The proposed method is compared with conventional feature normalization methods, such as cepstral mean normalization (CMN), cepstral mean and variance normalization (MVN), histogram equalization (HEQ), and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) advanced front-end methods. In addition, performance is compared for a case in which the greedy selection algorithm is used with fuzzy -means and -means algorithms. The YOHO and Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) databases are used in an evaluation in the feature space. The test sets are simulated by the Opus VoIP codec. We also use the 2008 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) corpus for the i-vector system. The results of the experimental evaluation demonstrate that the average system performance is improved when the proposed method is used, compared to the conventional feature normalization methods.

Keywords： Speaker recognition     Histogram equalization     i-vector    

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Dynamical Fast IP-Routing Lookup Algorithm

Liu Yalin

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 7,   Pages 60-68

Abstract:

This paper proposes a dynamical fast IP-routing lookup algorithm (DFR). This algorithm uses special data structure to construct index table, and can support inserting, deleting and updating route dynamically. DFR algorithm accesses memory at most four times and at least two times for a route look up. DFR is suitable not only for hardware implementation but also for software implementation.

Keywords： prefix expansion     dynamical fast IP-routing lookup algorithm (DFR)     route     route lookup    

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Joint entity–relation knowledge embedding via cost-sensitive learning Article

Sheng-kang YU, Xue-yi ZHAO, Xi LI, Zhong-fei ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 11,   Pages 1867-1873 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601255

Abstract: As a joint-optimization problem which simultaneously fulfills two different but correlated embedding tasks (i.e., entity embedding and relation embedding), knowledge embedding problem is solved in a joint embedding scheme. In this embedding scheme, we design a joint compatibility scoring function to quantitatively evaluate the relational facts with respect to entities and relations, and further incorporate the scoring function into the maxmargin structure learning process that explicitly learns the embedding vectors of entities and relations using the context information of the knowledge base. By optimizing the joint problem, our design is capable of effectively capturing the intrinsic topological structures in the learned embedding spaces. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our embedding scheme in characterizing the semantic correlations among different relation units, and in relation prediction for knowledge inference.

Keywords： Knowledge embedding     Joint embedding     Cost-sensitive learning    

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Brain–Computer Interface Speaks up

Chris Palmer

Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 3-5 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.004

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Spatiotemporal distance embedded hybrid ant colony algorithm for a kind of vehicle routing problem with constraints Research Article

Zhenhui FENG, Renbin XIAO,feng_zh@hust.edu.cn,rbxiao@hust.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 7,   Pages 1062-1079 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200585

Abstract: We investigate a kind of in the car-sharing mobility environment, where the problem is based on user orders, and each order has a reservation time limit and two location point transitions, origin and destination. It is a typical extended vehicle routing problem (VRP) with both time and space constraints. We consider the VRPC problem characteristics and establish a vehicle scheduling model to minimize operating costs and maximize user (or passenger) experience. To solve the scheduling model more accurately, a spatiotemporal distance representation function is defined based on the temporal and spatial properties of the customer, and a spatiotemporal distance embedded hybrid ant colony algorithm (HACA-ST) is proposed. The algorithm can be divided into two stages. First, through spatiotemporal clustering, the spatiotemporal distance between users is the main measure used to classify customers in categories, which helps provide heuristic information for problem solving. Second, an improved ) is proposed to optimize the solution by combining a and the to obtain the final scheduling route. Computational analysis is carried out based on existing data sets and simulated urban instances. Compared with other heuristic algorithms, HACA-ST reduces the length of the shortest route by 2%–14% in benchmark instances. In VRPC testing instances, concerning the combined cost, HACA-ST has competitive cost compared to existing VRP-related algorithms. Finally, we provide two actual urban scenarios to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Keywords： Vehicle routing problem with constraints (VRPC)     Spatiotemporal distance function     Labor division strategy     Ant colony algorithm (ACO    

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The Design and Analysis of Embedded Internet Control System

Zong Qun,Li Ran,Wang Bo

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 5,   Pages 53-56

Abstract:

An embedded Internet control system with embedded Internet nodes, of which the requirements and architecture is analyzed and studied, has been built up successfully and put into practice in REMS. Then the whole system is fully tested to prove that it can meet with the practical requirements well.

Keywords： embedded Internet control system     REMS     DS80C400     JAVA     TINI    

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Initial position estimation strategy for a surface permanent magnet synchronous motor used in hybrid electric vehicles Article

Bing TIAN,Qun-tao AN,Li SUN,Dong-yang SUN,Jian-dong DUAN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 8,   Pages 803-813 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500298

Abstract: A novel nonlinear model for surface permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) is adopted to estimate the initial rotor position for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Usually, the accuracy of initial rotor position estimation for SPMSMs relies on magnetic saturation. To verify the saturation effect, the transient finite element analysis (FEA) model is presented first. Hybrid injection of a static voltage vector (SVV) superimposed with a high-frequency rotating voltage is proposed. The magnetic polarity is roughly identified with the aid of the saturation evaluation function, based on which an estimation of the position is performed. During this procedure, a special demodulation is suggested to extract signals of iron core saturation and rotor position. A Simulink/MATLAB platform for SPMSMs at standstill is constituted, and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified. The proposed method is also validated by experimental results of an SPMSM drive.

Keywords： Surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM)     Initial position estimation     Nonlinear model     Hybrid injection     Position observer    

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Nagle algorithm and its application research in embedded Internet

Wang Baobao,Yu Shiming and Wang Zhenyu

Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 2,   Pages 101-105

Abstract:

The existence of small packets in embedded Internet lead to low bandwidth efficiency and even congestion. The Nagle algorithm was applied by standard transmission control protocol（TCP）protocol to reduce the number of small packets. The paper builds embedded Internet network based on ARM7 32 bits micro control unit（MCU）and personal computer（PC）， analyses the principle and working mechanism of Nagle，and suggests an approach to resolve the temporary“deadlock”created by the interaction between the Nagle algorithm and the delayed ACK policy without modifying the Nagle algorithm through improving sampling frequency or filling the buffer in embedded system. The experimental results indicate that this approach is effective and reliable.

Keywords： Nagle algorithm     deadlock     delayed ACK policy     ARM7     embedded Internet    

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An Interdisciplinary Perspective from the Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table: Similarity and Connection between Geochemistry and Metallurgy Perspective

Fenglong Sun, Zhongwei Zhao

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 6,   Pages 707-715 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.002

Abstract:

In 2003, Railsback proposed the Earth Scientist's Periodic Table, which displays a great deal of elemental geology information in accordance with the natural environment of the earth. As an applied science, metallurgy is based on mineral composition and element behavior, that is similar to geochemistry. In this paper, connections and similarities between geology and metallurgy are identified, based on geochemical laws and numerous metallurgical cases. An obvious connection is that simple cations with high and low ionic potential are commonly extracted by hydrometallurgy, while those with intermediate ionic potential are extracted by pyrometallurgy. In addition, element affinity in geology is associated with element migration in metallurgic phases. To be specific, in pyrometallurgy, lithophile elements tend to gather in slags, chalcophile elements prefer the matte phase, siderophile elements are easily absorbed into metal melt, and atmophile elements readily enter the gas phase. Furthermore, in hydrometallurgy, the principles of hard/soft acids and bases (HSAB) offer an explanation of how precipitation and dissolution occur in different solutions, especially for fluoride and chloride. This article provides many metallurgical examples based on the principles of geochemistry to verify these similarities and connections.

Keywords： Metallurgy     Geochemistry     Periodic table Ionic potential     Elemental affinity    

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Corrigendum to ‘‘Dual-Comb Ranging” [Engineering 4 (2018) 772–778]

Zebin Zhu, Guanhao Wu

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 350-350 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.01.005

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Multimethod Collaborative Optimization Algorithm Based on Embedding Collaboration

Luo Wencai,Luo Shishan,Wang Zhenguo

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 51-55

Abstract:

Multi-method collaborative optimization algorithm based on embedding collaboration is advanced. It uses embedding structure to collaborate different kinds of optimization methods, and makes use of the collaboration effect among them to improve the optimization performance. A multimethod collaborative optimization algorithm base on embedding collaboration is designed, which is composed of genetic algorithm, pattern search method and Powell's method. Results show that multi-method collaborative optimization algorithm based on embedding collaboration obtains better global optimization performance than single optimization method.

Keywords： multimethod collaborative optimization algorithm     embedding collaboration     genetic algorithm     pattern search method     Powell's method    

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Reversible data hiding using a transformer predictor and an adaptive embedding strategy Research Article

Linna ZHOU, Zhigao LU, Weike YOU, Xiaofei FANG,zhoulinna@bupt.edu.cn,luchen@uir.edu.cn,ywk@bupt.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 8,   Pages 1143-1155 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2300041

Abstract: In the field of (RDH), designing a high-precision predictor to reduce the embedding distortion and developing an effective embedding strategy to minimize the distortion caused by embedding information are the two most critical aspects. In this paper, we propose a new RDH method, including a predictor based on a and a novel embedding strategy with multiple embedding rules. In the predictor part, we first design a -based predictor. Then, we propose an image division method to divide the image into four parts, which can use more pixels as context. Compared with other predictors, the -based predictor can extend the range of pixels for prediction from neighboring pixels to global ones, making it more accurate in reducing the embedding distortion. In the embedding strategy part, we first propose a complexity measurement with pixels in the target blocks. Then, we develop an improved prediction error ordering rule. Finally, we provide an embedding strategy including multiple embedding rules for the first time. The proposed RDH method can effectively reduce the distortion and provide satisfactory results in improving the visual quality of data-hidden images, and experimental results show that the performance of our RDH method is leading the field.

Keywords： Reversible data hiding     Transformer     Adaptive embedding strategy    

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An embedded lightweight GUI component library and ergonomics optimization method for industry process monitoring Research Articles

Da-peng TAN, Shu-ting CHEN, Guan-jun BAO, Li-bin ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 5,   Pages 604-625 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601660

Abstract: Developing an efficient and robust lightweight graphic user interface (GUI) for industry process monitoring is always a challenging task. Current implementation methods for embedded GUI are with the matters of real-time processing and ergonomics performance. To address the issue, an embedded lightweight GUI component library design method based on quasar technology embedded (Qt/E) is proposed. First, an entity-relationship (E-R) model for the GUI library is developed to define the functional framework and data coupling relations. Second, a cross-compilation environment is constructed, and the Qt/E shared library files are tailored to satisfy the requirements of embedded target systems. Third, by using the signal-slot communication interfaces, a message mapping mechanism that does not require a call-back pointer is developed, and the context switching performance is improved. According to the multi-thread method, the parallel task processing capabilities for data collection, calculation, and display are enhanced, and the real-time performance and robustness are guaranteed. Finally, the human-computer interaction process is optimized by a scrolling page method, and the ergonomics performance is verified by the industrial psychology methods. Two numerical cases and five industrial experiments show that the proposed method can increase real-time read-write correction ratios by more than 26% and 29%, compared with Windows-CE-GUI and Android-GUI, respectively. The component library can be tailored to 900 KB and supports 12 hardware platforms. The average session switch time can be controlled within 0.6 s and six key indexes for ergonomics are verified by different industrial applications.

Keywords： Embedded lightweight graphic user interface (GUI)     Quasar technology embedded (Qt/E)     Industry process moni-toring     Multi-thread     Ergonomics performance    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Latent discriminative representation learning for speaker recognition

Duolin Huang, Qirong Mao, Zhongchen Ma, Zhishen Zheng, Sidheswar Routryar, Elias-Nii-Noi Ocquaye,2211708034@stmail.ujs.edu.cn,mao_qr@ujs.edu.cn,zhongchen_ma@ujs.edu.cn,1209103822@qq.com,sidheswar69@gmail.com,eocquaye@ujs.edu.cn

Journal Article

A new score normalizaion algorithm based on EMD-Tnorm for speaker verification

Li Yanping,Ding Hui,Tang Zhenmin

Journal Article

Histogram equalization using a reduced feature set of background speakers’ utterances for speaker recognition

Myung-jae KIM, Il-ho YANG, Min-seok KIM, Ha-jin YU

Journal Article

Dynamical Fast IP-Routing Lookup Algorithm

Liu Yalin

Journal Article

Joint entity–relation knowledge embedding via cost-sensitive learning

Sheng-kang YU, Xue-yi ZHAO, Xi LI, Zhong-fei ZHANG

Journal Article

Brain–Computer Interface Speaks up

Chris Palmer

Journal Article

Spatiotemporal distance embedded hybrid ant colony algorithm for a kind of vehicle routing problem with constraints

Zhenhui FENG, Renbin XIAO,feng_zh@hust.edu.cn,rbxiao@hust.edu.cn

Journal Article

The Design and Analysis of Embedded Internet Control System

Zong Qun,Li Ran,Wang Bo

Journal Article

Initial position estimation strategy for a surface permanent magnet synchronous motor used in hybrid electric vehicles

Bing TIAN,Qun-tao AN,Li SUN,Dong-yang SUN,Jian-dong DUAN

Journal Article

Nagle algorithm and its application research in embedded Internet

Wang Baobao,Yu Shiming and Wang Zhenyu

Journal Article

An Interdisciplinary Perspective from the Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table: Similarity and Connection between Geochemistry and Metallurgy

Fenglong Sun, Zhongwei Zhao

Journal Article

Corrigendum to ‘‘Dual-Comb Ranging” [Engineering 4 (2018) 772–778]

Zebin Zhu, Guanhao Wu

Journal Article

Multimethod Collaborative Optimization Algorithm Based on Embedding Collaboration

Luo Wencai,Luo Shishan,Wang Zhenguo

Journal Article

Reversible data hiding using a transformer predictor and an adaptive embedding strategy

Linna ZHOU, Zhigao LU, Weike YOU, Xiaofei FANG,zhoulinna@bupt.edu.cn,luchen@uir.edu.cn,ywk@bupt.edu.cn

Journal Article

An embedded lightweight GUI component library and ergonomics optimization method for industry process monitoring

Da-peng TAN, Shu-ting CHEN, Guan-jun BAO, Li-bin ZHANG

Journal Article