Supporting seamless global coverage, satellite Internet is an important expansion and extension of terrestrial communication systems, plays a key role in the space–air–ground integrated network, and acts as an important information infrastructure for building China's strength in cyberspace. Developing satellite Internet is of great strategic significance, and corresponding research on its resource management and scheduling is urgently needed. This study illustrates the fundamental concepts and international development frontiers of satellite Internet as well as the basic elements and research progress of satellite Internet resource management and scheduling, identifies the challenges imposed by the new environment and new modes of satellite Internet, and proposes the development strategies. Moreover, it designs a technical route for satellite Internet resource management, including the primary stages of satellite – ground network interconnection, integration of heterogeneous resources, intelligent on-demand service, and native intelligence. In addition, this study proposes the model and architecture of satellite Internet resource management and scheduling, and constructs a key technical system involving high spatio-temporal dynamic resource characterization, multi-dimensional resource time-continuum deterministic analysis, multi-dimensional time-varying capacity pool indexing, and intelligent decision planning. To realize the intelligent and efficient management and scheduling of satellite Internet resources, we should focus on the network characteristics such as resource heterogeneity, dynamic change of network structure, and differentiated service requirements, implement satellite Internet resource management and scheduling according to the optimized technical route, achieve breakthroughs regarding corresponding key technologies, and integrate artificial intelligence technologies into the resource management and scheduling.

The concept and technologies of computing-network integration are still in the early stage of development. Research on computing task scheduling and network interconnection are still inadequate. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the developmental trend of the intelligent connection computing network technology (ICCNT) and propose a strategic conception and development routes for the independent innovation of ICCNT in China. This study analyzes the major challenges faced by the existing information network technologies and summarizes the developmental trends of computing-network integration. It also proposes a core architecture of the ICCNT and clarifies its development goals and expected performance. The development path of ICCNT is explored, covering key technologies such as diversified protocol support, integrated control of network, storage, and computing, intelligent arrangement of service functions, and endogenous security structure, as well as demonstration applications in the smart park network, vertical industry network, and data center network scenarios. Furthermore, we suggest innovating ICCNT systems, expanding the demonstration applications of ICCNT, and accelerating the implementation of ICCNT products, thereby promoting the evolution and application of ICCNT.

As a new economic form, the digital economy has become a crucial driver of economic growth. The relationship between the sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) and the digital economy is characterized by mutual promotion and dependence, with significant value in key technology research and intense international competition. This study systematically reviews the principles and current development status of key 6G technologies from three dimensions: 6G wireless technology, network technology, and security technology. It evaluates China’s global competitiveness in these key technology directions, specifically including wireless artificial intelligence (AI), massive MIMO technology, terahertz communication, intelligent reflecting surfaces, integrated sensing and communication, distributed networking, space−air−ground integrated networks, AI‑native networks, computing power networks, physical layer security, network layer security, and data security and privacy protection. The study strongly recommends expediting the industrialization of pivotal technologies such as 6G wireless, networking, and security. This urgency is aimed at facilitating a groundbreaking advancement in 6G network capabilities to meet the evolving demands of future businesses. The emphasis is on safeguarding innovation, providing robust industry support, amplifying domestic demand, and ensuring a steady supply of skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is crucial to endorse the creation of an innovative ecosystem, which will serve as the cornerstone for the sustainable development of the 6G industry. To achieve these goals, the research suggests close collaboration with the global telecommunications industry, active participation in the formulation of international standards for 6G, and collective efforts to propel the industrialization of 6G technology.

Computing power services are a key factor for strengthening the digital capabilities and core competitiveness of China. In the context of the Digital China initiative, the computing power service system of China needs to adapt to the computing power demands of different fields, levels, and scenarios, and the reasonable allocation and efficient utilization of computing resources should be realized, thereby guiding the development and innovation of the digital economy. Based on a global perspective and China’s current situation, this study clarifies the implications of computing power services and analyzes the problems regarding the development of China’s computing power services, including prominent contradictions between supply and demand, uneven distribution of basic computing resources, lack of circulation channels for resources, non-unified technical service standards. An overall architecture for the construction of China’s computing power service system is proposed from the aspects of computing power service form basis, evolution model, and top-level design, and key strategies and development paths are explored. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) strengthening top-level design of computing power to promote the integrated development of computing networks; (2) optimizing computing power resource layout while lowering the threshold for using computing power; (3) building computing power sharing platforms to revitalize social computing values; (4) improving computing power utilization mechanisms and establishing computing power leasing systems; and (5) stimulating potentials in scientific and technological research by exploiting computing power talent advantages.

Spiking neural network (SNN) is a new generation of artificial neural network. It is more biologically plausible and has been widely concerned by scholars owing to its unique information coding schemes, rich spatiotemporal dynamics, and event-driven operating mode with low power. In recent years, SNN has been explored and applied in many fields such as medical health, industrial detection, and intelligent driving. First, the basic elements and learning algorithms of SNN are introduced, including classical spiking neuron models, spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), and common information coding methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the learning algorithms are also analyzed. Then, the mainstream software simulators and neuromorphic hardware of SNN are summarized. Subsequently, the research progress and application scenarios of SNN in terms of computer vision, natural language processing, and reasoning decision are introduced. Particularly, SNN has shown strong potentials in tasks such as object detection, action recognition, semantic cognition, and speech recognition, significantly improving computational performance. Future research and application of SNN should focus on strengthening the research on key core technologies, promoting the application of technological achievements, and continuously optimizing the industrial ecology, thus to catch up with the advanced international level. Moreover, continuous research and breakthroughs of brain-inspired systems and control theories will promote the establishment of large-scale SNN models and are expected to broaden the application prospect of artificial intelligence.

The sixth-generation mobile communications (6G) will usher in a new era of information technology that is characterized by “intelligence empowering all things and wisdom being self-generated”. Simultaneously, corresponding technological research has become a new trend in the mobile communication industry. In the context of large-scale commercialization of the fifth-generation mobile communications (5G) in China, it is of great significance to clarify the development needs, understand the development trend, and propose the development layout of 6G for accelerating the development of the digital economy and seizing the international competitive advantage in the future. This study summarizes the problems of 5G development that still need to be addressed by 6G, including insufficient application depth, inadequate demand coverage, and low return on investment. It points out some key application scenarios that urgently need 6G empowerment, and comprehensively reviews the strategic deployment of 6G in developed and major developing countries, clarifying major trends such as optimizing and upgrading traditional industries through 6G commercialization, achieving major breakthroughs in 6G key core technologies, and strengthening 6G network security to modernize the national security system. Currently, China’s development of 6G faces prominent challenges regarding research and development investment,technology standards, open ecology, network security, and privacy protection. Therefore, it is necessary to use the new national system to break through technological innovation barriers, enhance the formulation of 6G standards, deepen international cooperation on 6G to build an open and win-win global industrial ecosystem, and develop core 6G technologies to establish a secure and controllable technical system. This study is expected to provide theoretical inspirations and practical references for the development and innovative application of 6G technology in China.

Research on the sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) technology starts gradually after the commercialization of the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) technology, thus to support the development of digital economy and the construction of digital infrastructure. Countries worldwide are now competing for the establishment of 6G standards. This study reviews the development status of 6G standards from the aspects of 6G technology development in major developed countries and regions, international cooperation in 6G standards development, and 6G technology development in China. Moreover, it explores the integrated application and standardization progresses of 6G technology, involving the standardization of computing power networks, blockchain, digital twins, artificial intelligence, and holographic communications. China can make plans in advance for the standardization of 6G key technologies, focusing on terahertz, smart metasurface, smart holographic radio, super-large-scale MIMO, and communicationsperception integration technologies. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) strengthening the independent innovation of 6G key technologies to promote the independent development of 6G basic industries; (2) accelerating cross-industry cooperation and innovation to establish the standards system for 6G key technologies; and (3) deepening international cooperation on 6G technologies to help create an open and win-win global industrial ecology.

The rapid development of quantum information has brought new opportunities and challenges to modern information technologies. As one of the popular research directions in the field of quantum information, quantum networks aim to utilize the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics to achieve long-distance (secure) communications or provide computational capabilities superior to classical computing networks through distributed computing. The study of quantum networks holds great significance in advancing the practicality of quantum information. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the development trajectory of quantum networks, this study categorizes quantum networks into three types: quantum cryptography, quantum cloud computing, and quantum teleportation networks, based on different application scenarios and technical approaches. It provides comprehensive reviews of both domestic and international research progress and the challenges faced in each aspect. Furthermore, in conjunction with the practical implementation of quantum networks, the key technologies that need to be overcome in the development of quantum network systems, involving link establishment, information transmission, networking protocols, and physical hardware, are summarized. Overall, the development of quantum networks is still in the primary stage. At this stage, actively addressing challenges and seizing opportunities are of great significance to enhance the technological prowess of China. Therefore, to promote the development of quantum network systems in China, suggestions are proposed from three aspects: strengthening investment in the research and development of fundamental hardware infrastructure, attaching importance to the theoretical research of quantum networks, and enhancing interdisciplinary research and talent cultivation.