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结直肠癌、基质和正常结肠黏膜显微解剖区域N-糖组的显著多样性 Article
Di Wang, Katarina Madunić , Tao Zhang, Guinevere S.M. Lageveen-Kammeijer, Manfred Wuhrer
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期 页码 32-43 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.016
Aberrant glycosylation is considered to be a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC), as demonstrated by various studies. While the N-glycosylation of cell lines and serum has been widely examined, the analysis of cancer-associated N-glycans from tissues has been hampered by the heterogeneity of tumors and the complexity of N-glycan structures. To overcome these obstacles, we present a study using laser capture microdissection that makes it possible to largely deconvolute distinct N-glycomic signatures originating from different regions of heterogeneous tissues including cancerous, stromal, and healthy mucosa cells. N-glycan alditols were analyzed by means of porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, enabling the differentiation and structural characterization of isomeric species. In total, 116 N-glycans were identified that showed profound differences in expression among cancer, stroma, and normal mucosa. In comparison with healthy mucosa, the cancer cells showed an increase in α2-6 sialylation and monoantennary N-glycans, as well as a decrease in bisected N-glycans. Moreover, specific sialylated and (sialyl-)LewisA/X antigen-carrying N-glycans were exclusively expressed in cancers. In comparison with cancer, the stroma showed lower levels of oligomannosidic and monoantennary N-glycans, LewisA/X epitopes, and sulfation, as well as increased expression of (core-)fucosylation and α2-3 sialylation. Our study reveals the distinct N-glycomic profiles of different cell types in CRC tumor and control tissues, proving the necessity of their separate analysis for the discovery of cancer-associated glycans.
关键词： 结直肠癌 肿瘤 多孔石墨化碳液相色谱-质谱 N-糖组 抗体反应
淀粉基膳食食品的设计及其结构研究 Review
柏玉香, 李晓晓, 纪杭燕, 王禹, 郑丹妮, 王艳丽, 金征宇
《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第5期 页码 663-673 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.12.007
碳水化合物是食物的主要成分之一，也是人类膳食的主要能量来源，通常包括糖类、淀粉和纤维。在这三大来源中，淀粉是储量最丰富的碳水化合物之一。研究淀粉不仅可以加深人们对淀粉在人体中的功能的理解，而且有助于开发设计新的淀粉基膳食食品。本文首先综述了国内外对快消化淀粉（RDS）、慢消化淀粉（SDS）和抗性淀粉（RS）等的最新研究进展，然后介绍了淀粉基膳食食品消化率的体内和体外测定方法。在此基础上，提出了通过直接添加变性淀粉或改变加工条件来设计新型淀粉基膳食食品的研究策略。最后，本文对淀粉类食品未来的研究方向进行了展望。
代谢组扩展生物学的“旁中心法则”——对理解基因组学-糖组学-代谢组学-表观基因组学互作的意义
Albert Stuart Reece
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期 页码 16-16 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.011
The central dogma of biology holds that the transcription of DNA into RNA and the translation of RNA into proteins forms the primary axis of biological activity [1]. Following major advances in the description of the complex glycan and lipid chains that are added onto these basic building blocks, the glycome and lipidome have recently been added to this doctrine as an exciting new extension named the ‘‘paracentral dogma” [2]. However, it has been pointed out that biological systems can include many layers, which are described in modern omics technology platforms relating to both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic layers of control, including metabolomic, microbiomic, immunological, epigenomic, epitranscriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic layers [3].
It is well known that stem and progenitor cells have a metabolism that is based on glycolysis and glutaminolysis [4]. Although this provides less energy to the cell than oxidative phosphorylation, it suffices for these cells’ needs, since such cells are generally relatively quiescent and normally suppress energy-intensive processes such as genome duplication and transcription. Moreover, it has been shown that the high intracellular lactate levels involved in such states not only inhibits the key gatekeeper enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., pyruvate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyl acyltransferase) but also actually covalently modifies them by lactylation in order to maintain this inhibited metabolic–epigenomic state [5]. In addition, intermediate metabolism and nutrients are the source of the very extensive library of post-translational modifications to DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as supplying cellular energy for many of the required reactions. Hence, the metabolic state locks in and reinforces the epigenomic state, and the metabolome and epigenome thereby play mutually reinforcing roles. This self-reinforcing coordination explains why it is so difficult to generate induced pluripotent cells and is a contributory explanation for why the described protocols typically have such low cellular yields.
These concepts become even more important when it is considered that cancer cells are de-differentiated, similarly rely on glycolysis and glutaminolysis, and are similarly metabolically–epigenomically–genomically synchronized. The disruption of this metabolic system is a key focus of mechanistic cancer research.
These important considerations imply that the descriptive and predictive power of the newly described ‘‘paracentral dogma” of biology may be usefully and meaningfully extended by including the metabolome, along with the genome, transcriptome, proteome, glycome, and lipidome, to describe cell-intrinsic regulation—not only in terms of another omics analytical layer but also as a fully predictive and interactive partner in the symphonic-like multilayer coordination that evidently comprises cellular regulatory layering.
系统性红斑狼疮患者的血清IgG糖链特征 Article
潘胡丹, 王静蓉, 梁勇, 王灿坚, 田瑞敏, 叶华, 张晓, 吴沅皞, 邵苗, 张瑞军, 肖瑶, 李智, 张光峰, 周华, 王艺霖, 王晓双, 栗占国, 刘维, 刘良
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期 页码 89-98 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.006
木质原料制取先进生物燃料正处在大规模产业化的前夜——迎接生物能源第二波浪潮
程 序,石元春
《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第1期 页码 11-18
近年来在欧美国家和地区出现了一批基于热化学平台、糖平台和羧酸盐平台的新型液、气生物燃料企业。其原料和技术路线与先前第一代生物燃油乃至第二代纤维素乙醇所采用的水解-发酵或酯交换工艺完全不同。
谷艳芳,丁圣彦,高志英,邢倩
《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第3期 页码 59-64
于2005—2006年在中国科学院封丘农田生态实验站研究了不同水分处理下冬小麦光合产物分配格局及其动态。实验设全生育期干旱处理和充分供水处理以及干旱后拔节期、孕穗期、开花期复水处理。结果显示：不同生育期复水对冬小麦由于干旱胁迫引起的生物量下降有补偿作用；干旱和复水能改变器官水平上光合产物的分配格局；干旱胁迫引起叶、穗分配降低，并使茎、叶鞘和根分配指数上升；拔节期复水使叶光合产物分配指数增加、茎分配指数下降；孕穗期和开花期复水能提高光合产物在茎和穗中的分配；不同时期复水对干旱胁迫引起的产量下降均有不同程度的补偿作用，拔节期复水主要提高小麦单株穗数、孕穗期和开花期复水以提高千粒重为主。
人类蛋白质N-糖基化的十二年全基因组关联研究 Review
Anna Timoshchuk, Sodbo Sharapov, Yurii S. Aulchenko
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期 页码 17-31 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.013
Most human-secreted and membrane-bound proteins have covalently attached oligosaccharide chains, or glycans. Glycosylation influences the physical and chemical properties of proteins, as well as their biological functions. Unsurprisingly, alterations in protein glycosylation have been implicated in a growing number of human diseases, and glycans are increasingly being considered as potential therapeutic targets, an essential part of therapeutics, and biomarkers. Although glycosylation pathways are biochemically well-studied, little is known about the networks of genes that guide the cell- and tissue-specific regulation of these biochemical reactions in humans in vivo. The lack of a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating glycome variation and linking the glycome to human health and disease is slowing progress in clinical applications of human glycobiology. Two of the tools that can provide much sought-after knowledge of human in vivo glycobiology are human genetics and genomics, which offer a powerful data-driven agnostic approach for dissecting the biology of complex traits. This review summarizes the current state of human populational glycogenomics. In Section 1, we provide a brief overview of the N-glycan's structural organization, and in Section 2, we give a description of the major blood plasma glycoproteins. Next, in Section 3, we summarize, systemize, and generalize the results from current N-glycosylation genome-wide association studies (GWASs) that provide novel knowledge of the genetic regulation of the populational variation of glycosylation. Until now, such studies have been limited to an analysis of the human blood plasma N-glycome and the N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G and transferrin. While these three glycomes make up a rather limited set compared with the enormous multitude of glycomes of different tissues and glycoproteins, the study of these three does allow for powerful analysis and generalization. Finally, in Section 4, we turn to genes in the established loci, paying particular attention to genes with strong support in Section 5. At the end of the review, in Sections 6 and 7, we describe special cases of interest in light of new discoveries, focusing on possible mechanisms of action and biological targets of genetic variation that have been implicated in human protein N-glycosylation.
光纤微针装置中增强对流药物输注的热强化表征 Article
R. Lyle Hood,Rudy T. Andriani,Tobias E. Ecker,John L. Robertson,Christopher G. Rylander
《工程（英文）》 2015年 第1卷 第3期 页码 344-350 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015077
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
结直肠癌、基质和正常结肠黏膜显微解剖区域N-糖组的显著多样性
Di Wang, Katarina Madunić , Tao Zhang, Guinevere S.M. Lageveen-Kammeijer, Manfred Wuhrer
期刊论文
系统性红斑狼疮患者的血清IgG糖链特征
潘胡丹, 王静蓉, 梁勇, 王灿坚, 田瑞敏, 叶华, 张晓, 吴沅皞, 邵苗, 张瑞军, 肖瑶, 李智, 张光峰, 周华, 王艺霖, 王晓双, 栗占国, 刘维, 刘良
期刊论文
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