In 2021, the Chinese Academy of Engineering launched the major consulting project of “Strategic Research on the High-Quality Development of the Industrial Supply Chains of National Critical Minerals and Materials”. It for the first time connected the industrial supply chains of mineral resources and materials to carry out interdisciplinary, cross-field, and cross-industry strategic research. It also summarized the development status and key issues regarding the industrial and supply chains of mineral resources from an entire-chain perspective and proposed development suggestions from the aspects of supply chain security, links of industrial chain, and domestic and international dual circulation, thereby providing a theoretical reference for relevant departments to formulate industrial policies. In 2019, the Chinese Academy of Engineering launched another major consulting project “Strategic Research on the Development of Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells in China”. It investigated and analyzed the development strategies of hydrogen energy and fuel cell technologies in China and abroad, current status of relevant industries, and hot spots and difficulties of energy system application, focusing on complete-set key technologies and equipment in the hydrogen production–storage–transmission/distribution industrial chain, hydrogen infrastructure construction, fuel cell technology and system integration, and diversified applications of hydrogen energy. Consultation and suggestions were also provided for national and local governments to promote the development of the hydrogen energy industry. This special issue brings together some of the research results of the above two major consulting projects, and hopes to provide support and references for the decision-making of relevant departments.